用于DVD光学头的刻环型双焦点物镜的设计

首先介绍了DVD读出系统对像差的要求 ,然后针对DVD光学头兼容CD盘片的要求介绍了刻环型双焦点物镜的基本结构和工作原理。详细介绍了适当的球面近轴参数的选取 ,包括使制造偏心灵敏度最小的物镜中心厚度的选取 ,物镜所需校正的像差种类以及如何选择优化变量等内容。最后给出了利用计算机设计的双焦点非球面物镜的设计结果 ,并讨论了刻环宽度选取的方法     

Φ0300激光扩束器光学系统设计

从三级像差理论出发，分析伽里略（Galilean）和开卜勒（Keplerian）两种类型扩束器的轴外像差没有得到很好校正的原因.通过合理的光路分析，设计出一种轴上和轴外像差都得到很好校正、大口径大相对孔径、视场可增大的、光学性能优于伽里略和开卜勒扩束器的新型扩束器.并给出了物镜通光口径为300 mm、物镜焦距为800 mm、视场为4 mrad、放大倍率为30倍、主工作波长为0.6328 μm的非球面扩束器光学系统结构参量，且进行了像质评价.调整此扩束器目镜组中各镜片的间隔以及物镜和目镜的间隔可以使该扩束器在三个波长使用.     

Φ0300激光扩束器光学系统设计

从三级像差理论出发,分析伽里略(Galilean)和开卜勒(Keplerian)两种类型扩束器的轴外像差没有得到很好校正的原因·通过合理的光路分析,设计出一种轴上和轴外像差都得到很好校正、大口径大相对孔径、视场可增大的、光学性能优于伽里略和开卜勒扩束器的新型扩束器·并给出了物镜通光口径为300mm、物镜焦距为800mm、视场为4mrad、放大倍率为30倍、主工作波长为0.6328μm的非球面扩束器光学系统结构参量,且进行了像质评价·调整此扩束器目镜组中各镜片的间隔以及物镜和目镜的间隔可以使该扩束器在三个波长使用·     

自准检测法中平面反射镜的误差允许值

根据初级波面像差理论,推导了自准检测法中平面反射镜的误差允许值.所得结果既适用于轴上,也适用于轴外.同时指出了Burch的结果的局限性.     

如何获得象质优良的平行光管物镜

本文主要是一篇经验介绍,对平行光管物镜,从象差计算、光学材料选择,零件加工、物镜装配和象质检验等各个方面进行了恰当分析,提出了合理要求,采取了有效措施,终于使平行光管物镜的波面差达到了小于λ/10的要求。     

偏差与斯特列耳比的极限曲线

通过建立离散波面像差函数与斯特列耳比的最优化问题数学模型,分析了二者的关系,利用最优化方法数值求解得到波面像差峰谷值与斯特列耳比最小值以及波面像差均方根值与斯特列耳比最小值的极限曲线。     

像差与斯特列耳比的极限曲线

通过建立离散波面像差函数与斯特列耳比的最优化问题数学模型 ,分析了二者的关系 ,利用最优化方法数值求解得到波面像差峰谷值与斯特列耳比最小值以及波面像差均方根值与斯特列耳比最小值的极限曲线     

棱镜透镜干涉仪总体设计中的一些考虑

<正> 一、总体参数的确定及总体方案的选择棱镜透镜干涉仪(又称泰曼-格林干涉仪)是棱镜干涉仪和透镜干涉仪的总称,是一种高精度、多功能的光学测试仪器。棱镜干涉仪用于检测具有平面性质的光学零件或光学系统的质量,如平板玻璃、各种棱镜以及望远系统等。透镜干涉仪主要用于测定望远物镜、照相物镜的波象差。棱镜透镜干涉仪采用的是分振幅双光束相干光路,其中测试光路的标准平面波经被检测的光学零件或光学系统后变成了由被检测件质量所决定的变形波面,该波面与参考光路的标准平面波汇合而产生干涉图形,根据干涉图形     

CCD图像监视系统中针孔广角物镜设计

以高炉内窥镜为例，研究了视场在８０°以上的ＣＣＤ图像监视系统中针孔广角物镜的光学设计与应用。由于大视场会带来大的轴外像差，尤其是畸变与像散，以往此类物镜一般在７０°内。此论文突破这一视场局限，并解决了畸变与像散问题，有利于进一步研究ＣＣＤ针孔广角物镜的设计与应用。     

超大数值孔径光刻机投影物镜波像差检测方法

提出了一种基于空间像主成分分析的超大数值孔径光刻机投影物镜波像差检测方法。通过采用偏振光照明和矢量光刻成像模型并考虑投影物镜的偏振像差,准确表征了超大数值孔径光刻机的空间像,从而提高了像差检测模型的精度,实现了超大数值孔径光刻机投影物镜33项泽尼克像差(Z5~Z37)的高精度检测。相比于原基于空间像主成分分析的投影物镜成像差检测技术(AMAI-PCA)方法,所提方法适用于超大数值孔径光刻机投影物镜波像差检测。采用光刻仿真软件PROLITH对所提方法的检测精度进行了仿真验证,并分析了空间像采样间隔对波像差检测精度的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法对泽尼克像差(Z5~Z37)的检测精度优于0.85×10-3λ。     

Experimental test of universality of the Anderson transition

We experimentally test the universality of the Anderson three dimensional metal-insulator transition, using a quasiperiodic atomic kicked rotor. Nine sets of parameters controlling the microscopic details have been tested. Our observation indicates that the transition is of second order, with a critical exponent independent of the microscopic details; the average value 1.63±0.05 agrees very well with the numerically predicted value ν=1.58.     

Benefits of Objective Collapse Models for Cosmology and Quantum Gravity

We display a number of advantages of objective collapse theories for the resolution of long-standing problems in cosmology and quantum gravity. In particular, we examine applications of objective reduction models to three important issues: the origin of the seeds of cosmic structure, the problem of time in quantum gravity and the information loss paradox; we show how reduction models contain the necessary tools to provide solutions for these issues. We wrap up with an adventurous proposal, which relates the spontaneous collapse events of objective collapse models to microscopic virtual black holes.     

Rejuvenation and overaging in a colloidal glass under shear

We report the modifications of the microscopic dynamics of a colloidal glass submitted to shear. We use multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy to monitor the evolution of the spontaneous slow relaxation processes after the samples have been submitted to various straining. We show that high shear rejuvenates the system and accelerates its dynamics, whereas moderate shear over-ages the system. We analyze these phenomena within the frame of the Bouchaud's trap model.     

高分辨率405 nm激光显微成像系统研究

 研究了405 nm短波长激光作为照明光源、数值孔径0.65显微物镜组成的显微成像系统。采用该系统对CD-R及DVD-R盘片进行了显微成像,并对激光成像散斑进行了消除,同时利用CCD图像传感技术和图像采集技术对显微图像进行实时观察与存储,与卤素灯白光作为照明光源时的显微图像进行了比较。结果表明：该系统在卤素灯白光作为照明光源时对CD-R盘片信息点可清晰分辨,但对DVD-R盘片信息点的图像不可分辨;而在405 nm激光照明时信息点均可清晰分辨,系统分辨优于400 nm,明显高于普通卤素灯白光照明系统。     

A Thermodynamic Approach to Measuring Entropy in a Few-Electron Nanodevice

The entropy of a system gives a powerful insight into its microscopic degrees of freedom; however, standard experimental ways of measuring entropy through heat capacity are hard to apply to nanoscale systems, as they require the measurement of increasingly small amounts of heat. Two alternative entropy measurement methods have been recently proposed for nanodevices: through charge balance measurements and transport properties. We describe a self-consistent thermodynamic framework for applying thermodynamic relations to few-electron nanodevices—small systems, where fluctuations in particle number are significant, whilst highlighting several ongoing misconceptions. We derive a relation (a consequence of a Maxwell relation for small systems), which describes both existing entropy measurement methods as special cases, while also allowing the experimentalist to probe the intermediate regime between them. Finally, we independently prove the applicability of our framework in systems with complex microscopic dynamics—those with many excited states of various degeneracies—from microscopic considerations.     

基于显微投影图像的尾纤端面角度检测方法研究

为了提高回波损耗，尾纤端面从平端面发展到斜端面。因此，对尾纤端面角度进行检测具有重要的意义。面向尾纤自动检测的需要，本文提出了基于显微投影图像的端面角度检测方法。在建立尾纤端面投影模型的基础上，利用显微物镜、CCD图像传感器、图像采集卡和计算机构成的显微系统获取尾纤端面的显微投影图像。通过图像处理，得到尾纤的端面角度。     

含油岩心显微荧光成像光谱研究

发展了一种显微荧光光谱成像技术,并将其应用于天然岩心进行显微荧光成像光谱研究。利用这种技术同时采集含油岩心表面的荧光光谱信息和空间信息．并对获得的光谱图像给予光谱学和地质学解释。结果表明,不但能显示岩心形貌和组分的大致趋势,而且能揭示其精细细节．为石油地质研究提供了一种新方法,为今后的石油勘探开发工作提供了一种先进的指导手段。     

Testing Super-Deterministic Hidden Variables Theories

We propose to experimentally test non-deterministic time evolution in quantum mechanics by consecutive measurements of non-commuting observables on the same prepared state. While in the standard theory the measurement outcomes are uncorrelated, in a super-deterministic hidden variables theory the measurements would be correlated. We estimate that for macroscopic experiments the correlation time is too short to have been noticed yet, but that it may be possible with a suitably designed microscopic experiment to reach a parameter range where one would expect a super-deterministic modification of quantum mechanics to become relevant.     

Three-dimensional microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography

We applied phase-shifting digital holography to microscopy by deriving the complex amplitude of light scattered from microscopic three-dimensional objects through a microscope objective by video camera recording, phase-shifting analysis, and computer reconstruction. This method requires no mechanical movement and provides a flexible display and quantitative evaluation of the reconstructed images. A theory of image formation and experimental verification with specimens are described.