中学阶段如何处理非惯性系问题

中学阶段，用牛顿第二定律解题，选择的参照系往往是静止或匀速直线运动的平动系，比较多的选择地球为惯性参考系．但是有时物体相对于地面的运动是复杂的，甚至无法直接布列方程，这时可作如下处理：     

探索惯性系

针对牛顿力学框架的两大疑难,结合朗格惯性系的定义,从理论上分析了星球参考系与质心参考系,并指出了在什么条件下它们可以充当惯性系.     

用动静法研究非惯性参考系中单摆的周期问题

众所周知，单摆小角度的振动为周期性的简谐振动．而简谐振动就是物体受到一个始终指向平衡位置的回复力作用．因此寻找平衡位置是解决这类问题的关键在非惯性参考系中的单摆运动确定平衡位置更为重要．笔者应用动静法，先确定单摆在非惯性参考系中的平衡位置，求出平衡位置处单摆的绳子的张力，继而求出它的振动周期．现举例如下：     

一种惯性现象演示装置

惯性定律也称作牛顿第一定律,是经典物理力学中的几大重要定律之一。静止的物体具有惯性,运动的物体也具有惯性。新设计的运动物体的惯性现象演示装置通过调速直流电机带动丝杆滑台水平移动,安装在滑台上的金属小球下落装置能很好地演示静止的和运动的物体都有惯性。仪器结构简单,操作简便,现象直观,能为惯性定律教学助一臂之力。     

"惯性系"考

针对牛顿力学框架的两大疑难，结合朗格惯性系的定义，详细考察了惯性系，解决了牛顿定律适用的条件和参考系。     

应用质心运动定理一例

利用质心运动定理方便地求出了沿放在光滑水平面上圆弧槽运动的小球相对惯性参照系的运动轨迹。     

力学问题中惯性参考系的选取

通过例题，分析了在解决力学问题中惯性参考系的选取原则和方法。     

"惯性系"考(续)

3 星球参考系不是惯性系 3.1 星球参考系 以星球的中心(也是它的质心)为原点,建一相对于局域惯性系的坐标架O′-x′y′z′平动的坐标架,本文称此坐标架为星球参考系.星球相对于此坐标架可以转动.     

力学中一个令人费角的问题

当系统包含地球而又在地面参照系或相对于地面匀速运动的参照系中研究问题时，地面参照系或相对于地面包速运动的参照系便不能为惯性参照系，此时必须考虑地球所受的惯性力。     

非惯性参照系中的伯努利方程

一般非惯性参照系可分解为加速平动参照系和转动参照系。给出这两种参照系中理想流失满足的动力学方程，可解决非惯性参照系中的流体动力学问题。     

质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程及其应用

推导了质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程,并举例说明联合惯性系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程可求解约束反力.     

惯性系中直线运动的常加速度内禀刚性非惯性系

推导相对惯性系作直线运动的常加速度内禀刚性加速系的坐标变换关系式，并讨论该加速系的主要性质。     

On General Møller Transformation

We give a study on the general Møller transformation and emphatically introduce its differential form. In this paper, a definition of acceleration is given in spacetime language and the inertial reference frame is also settled. With a discussion of thegeodesic equations of motion, the differential form of the general Møller transformation at arbitrary direction is presented.     

也谈关于参照系的选取——对“椭圆摆的一种实现方法”一文的商榷

本文旨在指出相关文献中关于质点轨迹结果中的错误,并利用不同于相关文献的惯性参照系,给出修正和改进后的结果．     

Invariance Properties of the Entropy Production,and the Entropic Pairing of Inertial Frames of Reference by Shear-Flow Systems

This study examines the invariance properties of the thermodynamic entropy production in its global (integral), local (differential), bilinear, and macroscopic formulations, including dimensional scaling, invariance to fixed displacements, rotations or reflections of the coordinates, time antisymmetry, Galilean invariance, and Lie point symmetry. The Lie invariance is shown to be the most general, encompassing the other invariances. In a shear-flow system involving fluid flow relative to a solid boundary at steady state, the Galilean invariance property is then shown to preference a unique pair of inertial frames of reference—here termed an entropic pair—respectively moving with the solid or the mean fluid flow. This challenges the Newtonian viewpoint that all inertial frames of reference are equivalent. Furthermore, the existence of a shear flow subsystem with an entropic pair different to that of the surrounding system, or a subsystem with one or more changing entropic pair(s), requires a source of negentropy—a power source scaled by an absolute temperature—to drive the subsystem. Through the analysis of different shear flow subsystems, we present a series of governing principles to describe their entropic pairing properties and sources of negentropy. These are unaffected by Galilean transformations, and so can be understood to “lie above” the Galilean inertial framework of Newtonian mechanics. The analyses provide a new perspective into the field of entropic mechanics, the study of the relative motions of objects with friction.     

光子能否作参考系呢

对光子能否作参考系问题进行了讨论,指出:个别光子或有规则运动的光子群不能作为参考系,而不规则运动的光子群体的质心坐标,则可以作为参考系.     

Quantum calculations in a unique rest frame

The distribution of astronomical redshifts and the cosmic background radiation define a unique inertial reference frame. This paper contains an investigation of questions concerning quantum theory which arise with the introduction of a unique rest frame into spacetime. The Mössbauer effect, photon pair production, and photoelectric effect are treated together with photon scattering by a moving reflector and the Compton effect. Dirac's 1928 quantum theory of electrons is shown to yield its well-known energy spectrum for the hydrogen atom independently of the velocity of the atom relative to the rest frame.1. Address for the academic year 1990–91: 415 Graduate Studies Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.