太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷循环的改进

由于单效溴化锂吸收制冷循环受太阳能热源温度较低的限制,需要采用适当的辅助手段.本文对增压辅助型太阳能溴冷机循环流程提出了在冷凝器前加装隔离阀的改进方案,该方案可降低发生压力,以充分利用低温热源,并可有效回收压缩功.通过计算分析了改进循环的热力系数COP与热源温度和循环溶液质量分数差的关系.给出了在不同的热源温度下对应的最佳发生压力的调整范围.     

逆布雷顿空气制冷机透平膨胀特性研究

为了深入研究逆布雷顿空气制冷机的降温特性与制冷性能,论文首先采用CFX数值模拟方法,对透平膨胀机冷端通流部分的流动与热力学过程进行了数值模拟,进一步对整机的热力性能进行了分析;在此基础上探讨了制动功率对膨胀机降温特性影响;并改进了逆布雷顿空气制冷机综合实验台,采用风机回路闭式循环,进行了定制动压力和定特性比两种典型制动策略下制冷机降温性能的实验研究。结果表明:通过调节风机闭式循环制动压力来匹配膨胀机工况的变化方案可行,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好;透平膨胀机的绝热效率62%,在120 min内制冷机最低无负荷出口温度达到了-170℃;采用透平膨胀机的逆布雷顿空气制冷机具有优异的制冷性能。     

三效吸收制冷循环的性能分析和优化

本文建立了使用溴化锂溶液作为工质的三种流程的三级三效吸收制冷循环模型,进行了性能比较计算,结果表明并联流程循环的性能系数ＣＯＰ最高;同时本文进一步对并联流程和串联流程的三效吸收制冷循环分别进行了关于溶液分配率和总体热交换面积分配率的优化计算,得到了不同设计工况时面积分配率与ＣＯＰ的关系,为三效吸收循环的最优设计提供了理论依据。     

一种新型自复叠制冷循环特性研究

提出一种新型自复叠制冷循环,通过设置喷射器,利用高压高沸点液态制冷剂引射低压低沸点气态制冷剂,充分回收高沸点组分的节流损失,提高压缩机吸气口处低沸点组分的吸气压力并获取更低制冷温度。建立了组成系统部件热力学数学模型,分析了冷凝温度、混合工质配比和压缩比等参数对传统自复叠制冷循环和新型自复叠制冷循环的工作特性影响。研究表明,新型自复叠制冷循环制冷效率与传统自复叠制冷循环相当,但前者所获得制冷温度比后者所获得制冷温度可降低约10～20℃     

基于对比态温度的制冷循环热力解析及性能分析

制冷剂、工况及循环过程决定了蒸气压缩制冷循环的热力性能,为表征循环内部变量间的耦合关系,本文基于蒸气压缩制冷循环的热力学解析方法,建立了对比态温度下制冷剂关键物性及工况与循环性能的关系式:COP=f(C′_p,w,T_(cri),T_(eva),T_(con))。并结合传统数值模拟方法(调用NIST数据库中典型制冷剂的关键物性参数,计算制冷循环的理论性能系数),发现:1)制冷循环COP的主要影响因素除温度参数外,比定压热容和偏心因子是两个关键物性;2)过冷度比过热度对循环COP的影响更为强烈,且影响规律近似为线性关系;3)在相同对比态蒸发温度和对比态冷凝温度下,不同制冷剂的循环COP近似相等。本文热力解析模型及其结论对于制冷循环中制冷剂设计以及提高实际制冷循环性能系数具有一定的参考价值。     

一种基于内燃机余热回收的冷电联供系统

本文建立一种基于内燃机余热利用的冷电联供系统,构建了热力学数学模型,研究了关键热力参数对联供系统热力性能的影响。结果表明:布雷顿循环透平膨胀压比的降低、压气机进口温度的降低及透平进口温度的增加,均有利于系统热力性能的提升;有机朗肯循环透平进口压力的增加能使得系统的电能输出及总效率增加;喷射式制冷循环喷射器进口工作蒸气压力增加能提高制冷量及制冷效率。为了获得联供系统的最佳设计参数和性能,采用遗传算法,对系统进行单目标优化,得出此联供系统最大效率能达到54.22%,此时电能输出为31.58 kW,制冷量输出为3.15 kW,系统能较好地回收内燃机余热。     

应用于低温领域的双温复叠式制冷循环

双温复叠式制冷循环可以用于低温领域中需要提供两个不同制冷温度的场合。首先介绍了双温复叠式制冷循环的原理和组成,然后建立了双温复叠式制冷循环的热力学模型,通过热力计算分析了冷凝温度、低温部分蒸发温度、蒸发冷凝器传热温差、流经高低温蒸发器质量流量比、过热度和过冷度对该循环性能的影响。     

以TFE-[BMIm][Br]为工质对的吸收式制冷循环性能分析

本文选择含离子液体体系TFE-[BMIm][Br]作为吸收式制冷循环的工质体系,基于文献数据给出了计算TFE-[BMIm][Br]热物性模型,建立并联双效吸收式制冷循环的模拟程序,分别考察了四种双效并联制冷流程中溶液换热器的热交换效率、蒸发温度、吸收温度以及发生温度对系统性能、溶液循环倍率以及系统操作压力的影响.探索新工质对TFE-[BMIm][Br]的可行性,确定了TFE-[BMIm][Br]双效并联吸收式制冷循环的适宜的运行操作范围以及适宜的流程方案.     

R717双蒸发温度三级混流制冷系统的理论分析

文中提出了一种采用氨做制冷剂、可用于获得低至-60℃低温的新型制冷系统,为我国低温冷库的建设提供了一条新型环保技术路线.该制冷系统具有两个蒸发温度回路,高温回路的蒸发温度在-35℃～-28℃之间可调,低温回路的蒸发温度在-50℃～-65℃之间可调.两个回路在低压循环桶处汇合.在对该系统进行热力计算的基础上,分析了系统的...     

一种基于正逆循环耦合的低温制冷系统

以能的梯级利用原理为指导原则,基于正逆循环耦合方法,本文提出了一种利用中温显热热源制取较低温度冷量的复合式制冷系统,该系统由动力子循环、吸收式制冷子循环与压缩式制冷子循环有机耦合而成。通过模拟计算,对系统热力性能进行了评估,系统制冷性能系数(COP)达到了0.277,与常规余热双级吸收式制冷系统相比,提高了50%左右。通过(火用)平衡和t-Q图分析,发现热源利用过程不可逆损失大幅降低是系统性能提升的主要原因。本文还研究了热源烟气温度T_H和冷却水温度T_(CW)对系统性能的影响,为指导系统设计提供了依据。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.