硅胶柱色谱结合高速逆流色谱法分离纯化荷花中黄酮类化合物

采用硅胶柱色谱结合高速逆流色谱法分离纯化了荷花中3种黄酮类化合物。荷花粗提物先经过硅胶柱色谱初步分离,得到黄酮含量高的组分,再经过高速逆流色谱分离,以乙酸乙酯-乙醇-水-乙酸(4:1:5:0.025, v/v/v/v)为两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,在主机转速800 r/min、流速2.0 mL/min、检测波长254 nm条件下,从150 mg样品中一次性分离制备得到6.1 mg槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(I), 14.8 mg杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(II)和20.2 mg紫云英苷(III),经高效液相色谱检测其纯度分别为97.0%、95.4%、96.3%,并通过质谱和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定各化合物的结构。该方法简便、快速、节省溶剂,可以对荷花中的黄酮类化合物进行快速有效的分离纯化,具有较好的实用价值,为荷花资源的进一步开发应用提供了参考依据。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备乌药叶中的黄酮类成分

应用高速逆流色谱法分离制备了乌药叶中的黄酮类成分。以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-冰醋酸-水(体积比为2∶4∶2∶1.5∶6)为两相溶剂系统,在主机转速800 r/min、流速2.0 mL/min、检测波长280 nm条件下进行分离制备。所得流分经高效液相色谱法检测,并经电喷雾电离质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明,从乌药叶总黄酮粗提物中分离得到了5个化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(3)、槲皮素-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷(4)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5),其中化合物1,2,3和5 为首次从该植物中分离得到。该法具有简便、快速的优点。     

高效制备液相色谱法从荷叶中分离制备黄酮类化合物

采用高效制备液相色谱法从荷叶(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)中分离制备荷叶黄酮类化合物。用60%乙醇回流提取荷叶，粗提液浓缩后经D-101柱及聚酰胺柱色谱分离，再在Symmetry PrepTM C18柱上分离,以水-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱（流速为5.0 mL/min）,得到了3种黄酮类化合物。经紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱分析,确定该3种物质分别为金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷。所制备的3种化合物的纯度都在97%以上,其中紫云英苷为首次从荷叶中分离得到。     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化九里香中的黄酮类化合物

应用高速逆流色谱法分离纯化了九里香中的4种黄酮类化合物。以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(5:5:4.8:5, v/v/v/v)作为两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,以主机转速800 r/min、流速2.0 mL/min、单次进样量200 mg的条件成功地从4.0 g九里香粗提物中分离纯化出54.31 mg 5,7,3′,4′,5′-五甲氧基黄酮(重结晶后)、107.68 mg 5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮、215.54 mg 5-羟基-6,7,8,3′,4′-五甲氧基黄酮、84.36 mg 5-羟基-6,7,8,3′,4′,5′-六甲氧基黄酮,纯度均在95%以上。各化合物的结构均由质谱和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定。其中化合物5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮为首次从九里香中分离得到。     

高速逆流色谱分离制备椭圆叶花锚中的2种口山酮苷元

椭圆叶花锚的主要活性成分为口山酮类化合物,这类化合物具有利胆、抗炎、抗菌及抗病毒活性。应用高速逆流色谱法建立了2种高纯度口山酮苷元的分离制备方法。对椭圆叶花锚氯仿萃取部位运用高速逆流色谱分离纯化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(5:5:7:5, v/v/v/v)为两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相。在主机转速800 r/min,流动相流速1.5 mL/min,检测波长254 nm条件下进行分离制备。所得产物经高效液相色谱分析检测,其化学结构由核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)鉴定。在此条件下,从100 mg粗样品中一步分离得到18 mg 1-羟基-2,3,5-三甲氧基口山酮,14 mg 1-羟基-2,3,4,5-四甲氧基口山酮。经高效液相色谱分析,其纯度均达98%以上。该方法简便、快速,所得产物纯度高,适合于椭圆叶花锚口山酮苷元的制备分离。     

高良姜中二苯基庚烷类化合物的高速逆流色谱分离制备

应用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)分离纯化了高良姜中3种二苯基庚烷类化合物。以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(2:3:1.75:1, v/v/v/v)为两相溶剂系统,下相为固定相,上相为流动相,在主机转速为858 r/min、流速1.5 mL/min的条件下,从122.20 mg高良姜石油醚萃取物中经一步HSCCC分离可制备得到5R-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(7.37 mg)、7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-4E-烯-3-庚酮(9.11 mg)和1,7-二苯基-4E-烯-3-庚酮(15.44 mg),经高效液相色谱分析,纯度均大于93%,各化合物的结构由质谱和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定确证。该方法简便、快速、高效,可用于高良姜中二苯基庚烷类化合物的快速分离制备。     

在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物

建立了简便、高效的在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱法（OLE-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS）快速提取和分离鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物。在线提取体系中,将填有陈皮粉末样品（2.0 mg）的固相萃取小柱取代样品环连接在手动进样阀上,样品直接被流动相提取并进入HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS系统分析,无需额外的样品前处理步骤。与传统的溶剂回流提取法相比,在线提取法具有较高的提取率。通过分析化合物的紫外谱图、色谱保留时间和质谱信息,共鉴定出24种黄酮类化合物,其中新圣草次苷、柠檬黄素-3-O-（3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸）-葡萄糖苷及其异构体首次在陈皮中报道。建立的方法为中药复杂体系中活性成分的快速分离鉴定提供了新的研究思路。     

大麻药中两个新异戊烯基黄酮的高速逆流色谱分离制备

应用高速逆流色谱分离制备大麻药的化学成分,以石油醚∶乙酸乙酯∶乙醇∶水(1∶1.2∶1.2∶1,V/V)为两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,流速2.0 mL/min,主机转速800 r/min,分离温度30℃,检测波长280 nm。以此分离条件经一步洗脱从400 mg大麻药粗提物中制备得到95.3 mg和84.5 mg的两个单体化合物,经理化反应和光谱分析分别鉴定为(2S)-5,2′,6′-三羟基-8-异戊烯基-6,7-(3-异戊烯基-2,2-二甲基-1-酮-环己二烯)-二氢黄酮(1)和(2S)-5,2′,6′-三羟基-8-异戊烯基-6,7-(3-异戊烯基-2,2-二甲基吡喃)-3′,4′-(2,2-二甲基-1-酮-环己二烯)-二氢黄酮(2)。所得的化合物1和2均为新化合物。     

制备反相高效液相色谱法用于从杉材中分离制备倍半萜类化合物

利用制备高效液相色谱法从日本产杉材(Cryptomeria japonica D.Don)中分离制备倍半萜类化合物。在YWC-Pack C18柱上,以异丙醇-甲醇-正己烷-水(体积比为50∶35∶10∶5)为流动相,流速为5 mL/min,制备了2种倍半萜类化合物,经紫外光谱、红外光谱及核磁、质谱分析,确认它们分别为(-)-cubebol和(+)-2,7(14),10-bisa-bolatrien-1-ol-4-one。所制备的两个化合物的纯度分别为98.7%和99.1%。     

生附子中C19型二萜生物碱的高速逆流色谱分离及其结构鉴定

应用高速逆流色谱法分离制备了生附子中的3个C19型二萜生物碱类化合物。以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(3:5:4:5, v/v/v/v)为两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,在主机转速850 r/min、流动相流速2.0 mL/min、检测波长235 nm条件下进行分离制备;一次性从90 mg附子总碱粗提物中分离制备得到15.3 mg北草乌碱,35.1 mg中乌头碱和22.7 mg次乌头碱,经高效液相色谱分析,测得它们的纯度分别为97.9%、96.2%和99.2%。并应用波谱(电喷雾离子质谱、核磁共振氢谱和核磁共振13C谱)解析法确定了它们的结构。利用该方法可以对生附子中的二萜类生物碱成分进行快速的分离和纯化     

Identification of lipophilic components in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium cultivars by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

To systematically identify the lipophilic constituents of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from different cultivars, supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry were integrated for the component analysis of 18 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from 12 cultivars for the first time. A total of 57 components from the supercritical CO₂ fluid extracts were demonstrably or tentatively identified by the obtained parent peaks, fragment peaks, and retention times. In total, two flavonoids, six organic acids, nine coumarins, three aldehydes, seven esters, three terpenes, one limonoid, and five other compounds were detected for the first time; notably, coumarin components have not yet been reported in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore, the extract constituents differed between cultivars. In particular, organic acids were more abundant in Citrus reticulata “Chachi” than in other cultivars, and pterostilbene was exclusively found in Citrus reticulata “Yichangju”. The results showed that a greater variety of compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium could be extracted by supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction and detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. This study provides a more scientific basis for further analysis of the pharmacological activity and quality of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium components from different cultivars.     

Comparative analysis of volatile constituents in Citrus Reticulata Blanco using GC–MS and alternative moving window factor analysis

The similarities and differences of essential oil components in Album Citri Reticulatae (ACR), Cylindricae Citri Reticulatae (CCR), Folium Citri Reticulatae (FCR), Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (PCRV) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) were investigated by GC–MS combined with a chemometric method named alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA). And temperature‐programmed retention indices (PTRIs) were used together with mass spectra for identification of the essential oil components. In essential oils of ACR, CCR, FCR, ECG, PCRV and PCR, 28, 26, 61, 62, 52 and 48 components were determined representing 93.13, 94.44, 93.53, 87.67, 99.03 and 98.03% of the total relative content, respectively. Also, the essential oils significantly differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. There were 14 common components among ACR, CCR, FCR, ECG, PCRV and PCR, their abundance varied in the ranges from 32.39% in FCR to 94.66% in PCRV. The results obtained may be helpful to the further study of pharmacological activity for their potential utilization as therapeutical agents.     

陈皮挥发油的气相色谱/质谱分析

用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析复方制剂平胃散中的一种单味药材陈皮的挥发油化学成分及其相对含量,对色质联用仪产生的二维数据借助直观推导式演进特征投影法来分辨以得到组分的纯色谱和质谱,根据组分的色谱保留时间和质谱对组分进行定性,继而用总体积积分法定量。本文分离出５３个组分,其中鉴定了３４个组分,约占其挥发油总量的９６．０８％。     

Rapid preparative separation of six bioactive compounds from Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. using microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

A rapid method combining microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for preparative separation of six bioactive compounds including loganic acid ( I ), isoorientin‐4′‐O‐glucoside ( II ), 6′‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl gentiopicroside ( III ), swertiamarin ( IV ), gentiopicroside ( V ), sweroside ( VI ) from traditional Tibetan medicine Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. MAE parameters were predicted by central composite design response surface methodology. That is, 5.0 g dried roots of G. crassicaulis were extracted with 50 mL 57.5% aqueous ethanol under 630 W for 3.39 min. The extract (gentian total glycosides) was separated by HSCCC with n‐butanol/ethyl acetate/methanol/1% acetic acid water (7.5:0.5:0.5:3.5, v/v/v/v) using upper phase mobile in tail‐to‐head elution mode. 16.3, 8.8, 12., 25.1, 40.7, and 21.8 mg of compounds I–VI were obtained with high purities in one run from 500 mg of original sample. The purities and identities of separated components were confirmed using HPLC with photo diode array detection and quadrupole TOF‐MS and NMR spectroscopy. The study reveals that response surface methodology is convenient and highly predictive for optimizing extraction process, MAE coupled with HSCCC could be an expeditious method for extraction and separation of phytochemicals from ethnomedicine.     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化蔓荆子中的活性成分

应用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)分离纯化蔓荆子中的活性成分。以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(体积比为3:6:3.6:3)为两相溶剂体系,在转速为800 r/min、流速为1.5 mL/min、检测波长为254 nm的条件下进行分离,所得馏分经高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测,并经电喷雾电离(ESI)质谱和核磁共振谱(NMR)鉴定化合物的结构。从250 mg蔓荆子粗提物中一次性分离得到4个化合物,分别为23 mg对羟基苯甲酸、15 mg 3,6,7-三甲基槲皮万寿菊素、24 mg蔓荆子黄素和5 mg蒿黄素,其纯度约为93.1%、 97.3%、 98.7%和98.5%。该法具有简便、快速、重复性好的优点,为分离蔓荆子中的活性成分提供了新的方法。