Hermitian Weighted Composition Operators and Bergman Extremal Functions

Weighted composition operators have been related to products of composition operators and their adjoints and to isometries of Hardy spaces. In this paper, Hermitian weighted composition operators on weighted Hardy spaces of the unit disk are studied. In particular, necessary conditions are provided for a weighted composition operator to be Hermitian on such spaces. On weighted Hardy spaces for which the kernel functions are ${(1 - \overline{w}z)^{-\kappa}}$ for κ ≥ 1, including the standard weight Bergman spaces, the Hermitian weighted composition operators are explicitly identified and their spectra and spectral decompositions are described. Some of these Hermitian operators are part of a family of closely related normal weighted composition operators. In addition, as a consequence of the properties of weighted composition operators, we compute the extremal functions for the subspaces associated with the usual atomic inner functions for these weighted Bergman spaces and we also get explicit formulas for the projections of the kernel functions on these subspaces.     

On some properties of a class of degenerate pseudodifferential operators

A new class of pseudodifferential operators with degeneration is considered. The operators are constructed using a special integral transform mapping a weighted differentiation operator to a multiplication operator. The composition and boundedness properties of such operators in special weighted spaces are examined. Theorems on commutation of such operators with differentiation operators are obtained. The behavior of these operators as t → 0and t → +∞ is investigated. The properties of adjoint operators are studied, and an analogue of Gårding’s inequality is proved.     

A fractional spectral method with applications to some singular problems

In this paper we propose and analyze fractional spectral methods for a class of integro-differential equations and fractional differential equations. The proposed methods make new use of the classical fractional polynomials, also known as Müntz polynomials. We first develop a kind of fractional Jacobi polynomials as the approximating space, and derive basic approximation results for some weighted projection operators defined in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces. We then construct efficient fractional spectral methods for some integro-differential equations which can achieve spectral accuracy for solutions with limited regularity. The main novelty of the proposed methods is that the exponential convergence can be attained for any solution u(x) with u(x ^1/λ ) being smooth, where λ is a real number between 0 and 1 and it is supposed that the problem is defined in the interval (0,1). This covers a large number of problems, including integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels, fractional differential equations, and so on. A detailed convergence analysis is carried out, and several error estimates are established. Finally a series of numerical examples are provided to verify the efficiency of the methods.     

A Striktpositivstellensatz for measurable functions

A weighted sums of squares decomposition of positive Borel measurable functions on a bounded Borel subset of the Euclidean space is obtained via duality from the spectral theorem for tuples of commuting self-adjoint operators. The analogous result for polynomials or certain rational functions was amply exploited during the last decade in a variety of applications. To cite this article: M. Putinar, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).     

Norm-attaining weighted composition operators on weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions

We investigate weighted composition operators that attain their norm on weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disc of type H ^∞. Applications for composition operators on weighted Bloch spaces are given.     

Aluthge transforms of unbounded weighted composition operators in L2-spaces

We describe the Aluthge transform of an unbounded weighted composition operator acting in an L²-space. We show that its closure is also a weighted composition operator with the same symbol and a modified weight function. We investigate its dense definiteness. We characterize p-hyponormality of unbounded weighted composition operators and provide results on how it is affected by the Aluthge transformation. We show that the only fixed points of the Aluthge transformation on weighted composition operators are quasinormal ones.     

Differences of weighted composition operators from hardy space to weighted-type spaces on the unit ball

In this paper, we limit our analysis to the difference of the weighted composition operators acting from the Hardy space to weighted-type space in the unit ball of ? ^N , and give some necessary and sufficient conditions for their boundedness or compactness. The results generalize the corresponding results on the single weighted composition operators and on the differences of composition operators, for example, M. Lindstr?m and E. Wolf: Essential norm of the difference of weighted composition operators. Monatsh. Math. 153 (2008), 133–143.     

Estimates for imaginary powers of Laplace operator in variable Lebesgue spaces and applications

In this paper we study some estimates of norms in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces for singular integral operators that are imaginary powers of the Laplace operator in ? ⁿ . Using the Mellin transform argument, fromthese estimates we obtain the boundedness for a family of maximal operators in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, which are closely related to the (weak) solution of the wave equation.     

The Fourth-order Bessel–type Differential Equation

The Bessel-type functions, structured as extensions of the classical Bessel functions, were defined by Everitt and Markett in 1994. These special functions are derived by linear combinations and limit processes from the classical orthogonal polynomials, classical Bessel functions and the Krall Jacobi-type and Laguerre-type orthogonal polynomials. These Bessel-type functions are solutions of higher-order linear differential equations, with a regular singularity at the origin and an irregular singularity at the point of infinity of the complex plane.

There is a Bessel-type differential equation for each even-order integer; the equation of order two is the classical Bessel differential equation. These even-order Bessel-type equations are not formal powers of the classical Bessel equation.

When the independent variable of these equations is restricted to the positive real axis of the plane they can be written in the Lagrange symmetric (formally self-adjoint) form of the Glazman–Naimark type, with real coefficients. Embedded in this form of the equation is a spectral parameter; this combination leads to the generation of self-adjoint operators in a weighted Hilbert function space. In the second-order case one of these associated operators has an eigenfunction expansion that leads to the Hankel integral transform.

This article is devoted to a study of the spectral theory of the Bessel-type differential equation of order four; considered on the positive real axis this equation has singularities at both end-points. In the associated Hilbert function space these singular end-points are classified, the minimal and maximal operators are defined and all associated self-adjoint operators are determined, including the Friedrichs self-adjoint operator. The spectral properties of these self-adjoint operators are given in explicit form.

From the properties of the domain of the maximal operator, in the associated Hilbert function space, it is possible to obtain a virial theorem for the fourth-order Bessel-type differential equation.

There are two solutions of this fourth-order equation that can be expressed in terms of classical Bessel functions of order zero and order one. However it appears that additional, independent solutions essentially involve new special functions not yet defined. The spectral properties of the self-adjoint operators suggest that there is an eigenfunction expansion similar to the Hankel transform, but details await a further study of the solutions of the differential equation.     

Choquet order for spectra of higher Lamé operators and orthogonal polynomials

We establish a hierarchy of weighted majorization relations for the singularities of generalized Lamé equations and the zeros of their Van Vleck and Heine–Stieltjes polynomials as well as for multiparameter spectral polynomials of higher Lamé operators. These relations translate into natural dilation and subordination properties in the Choquet order for certain probability measures associated with the aforementioned polynomials. As a consequence we obtain new inequalities for the moments and logarithmic potentials of the corresponding root-counting measures and their weak-^* limits in the semi-classical and various thermodynamic asymptotic regimes. We also prove analogous results for systems of orthogonal polynomials such as Jacobi polynomials.     

Weighted norm inequalities, Gaussian bounds and sharp spectral multipliers

Let L be a non-negative self-adjoint operator acting on L²(X) where X is a space of homogeneous type. Assume that L generates a holomorphic semigroup e−tL whose kernels pt(x,y) have Gaussian upper bounds but there is no assumption on the regularity in variables x and y. In this article, we study weighted Lp-norm inequalities for spectral multipliers of L. We show that sharp weighted Hörmander-type spectral multiplier theorems follow from Gaussian heat kernel bounds and appropriate L² estimates of the kernels of the spectral multipliers. These results are applicable to spectral multipliers for large classes of operators including Laplace operators acting on Lie groups of polynomial growth or irregular non-doubling domains of Euclidean spaces, elliptic operators on compact manifolds and Schrödinger operators with non-negative potentials.     

A Hypergeometric Function Transform and Matrix-Valued Orthogonal Polynomials

The spectral decomposition for an explicit second-order differential operator T is determined. The spectrum consists of a continuous part with multiplicity two, a continuous part with multiplicity one, and a finite discrete part with multiplicity one. The spectral analysis gives rise to a generalized Fourier transform with an explicit hypergeometric function as a kernel. Using Jacobi polynomials, the operator T can also be realized as a five-diagonal operator, leading to orthogonality relations for 2×2-matrix-valued polynomials. These matrix-valued polynomials can be considered as matrix-valued generalizations of Wilson polynomials.     

Convexity Conditions and the Legendre-Fenchel Transform for the Product of Finitely Many Positive Definite Quadratic Forms

While the product of finitely many convex functions has been investigated in the field of global optimization, some fundamental issues such as the convexity condition and the Legendre-Fenchel transform for the product function remain unresolved. Focusing on quadratic forms, this paper is aimed at addressing the question: When is the product of finitely many positive definite quadratic forms convex, and what is the Legendre-Fenchel transform for it? First, we show that the convexity of the product is determined intrinsically by the condition number of so-called ‘scaled matrices’ associated with quadratic forms involved. The main result claims that if the condition number of these scaled matrices are bounded above by an explicit constant (which depends only on the number of quadratic forms involved), then the product function is convex. Second, we prove that the Legendre-Fenchel transform for the product of positive definite quadratic forms can be expressed, and the computation of the transform amounts to finding the solution to a system of equations (or equally, finding a Brouwer’s fixed point of a mapping) with a special structure. Thus, a broader question than the open “Question 11” in Hiriart-Urruty (SIAM Rev. 49, 225–273, 2007) is addressed in this paper.     

Plancherel-type estimates and sharp spectral multipliers

We study general spectral multiplier theorems for self-adjoint positive definite operators on L²(X,μ), where X is any open subset of a space of homogeneous type. We show that the sharp Hörmander-type spectral multiplier theorems follow from the appropriate estimates of the L² norm of the kernel of spectral multipliers and the Gaussian bounds for the corresponding heat kernel. The sharp Hörmander-type spectral multiplier theorems are motivated and connected with sharp estimates for the critical exponent for the Riesz means summability, which we also study here. We discuss several examples, which include sharp spectral multiplier theorems for a class of scattering operators on R³ and new spectral multiplier theorems for the Laguerre and Hermite expansions.     

Topological Structure of the Space of Weighted Composition Operators Between Different Hardy Spaces

We consider properties related to weighted composition operators boundedly acting from the classical Hardy space H ^p to H ^q for \({1 \leq q < p < \infty}\) . Especially, we shall completely determine path connected components in the set of weighted composition operators and explicitly characterize by function-theoretic properties of analytic self-maps.     

Spectral analysis on planar mixed automorphic forms

We introduce and we carry out some concrete spectral properties of a class of magnetic Schrödinger operators leaving invariant the space of the planar mixed automorphic forms of type (ν,μ) with respect to an equivariant pair (ρ,τ) and given lattice Γ⊂C. The associated polynomials constitute classes of generalized complex polynomials of Hermite type.     

Spectral properties of the Laplacian on bond-percolation graphs

Bond-percolation graphs are random subgraphs of the d-dimensional integer lattice generated by a standard bond-percolation process. The associated graph Laplacians, subject to Dirichlet or Neumann conditions at cluster boundaries, represent bounded, self-adjoint, ergodic random operators with off-diagonal disorder. They possess almost surely the non-random spectrum [0, 4d] and a self-averaging integrated density of states. The integrated density of states is shown to exhibit Lifshits tails at both spectral edges in the non-percolating phase. While the characteristic exponent of the Lifshits tail for the Dirichlet (Neumann) Laplacian at the lower (upper) spectral edge equals d/2, and thus depends on the spatial dimension, this is not the case at the upper (lower) spectral edge,where the exponent equals 1/2.     

Mean2-Bounded Operators on Hilbert Space and Weight Sequences of Positive Operators

We introduce and study the class of mean₂-bounded operators on Hilbert space. These operators, which are characterized by a uniform boundedness condition on the 'quadratic averages' of their powers, are intimately related to operator-valued weight sequences and weighted norm inequalities. Mean₂-bounded operators exhibit a lively interplay with the discrete Hilbert transform in an array of settings. Under appropriate circumstances, mean₂-bounded operators have a rich spectral theory leading to powerful transference properties.     

Singular integral operators in a weighted L2-space

Cauchy singular integral operators are characterized as operators in a weighted L²-space. The integral operator arises from a singular integral equation with variable coefficients. An appropriate weight function associated with the singular integral operator is constructed, and the set of polynomials orthogonal with respect to this weight function is defined. The action of the operator on polynomial sets is studied, and the definition of the operator is extended to a weighted L²-space. In this space, the operator is shown to be bounded, and, in some cases, isometric. Formulas are developed for the composition of the singular integral operator and its one sided inverse.