含有联苯咔唑的富勒烯C60/C70衍生物的合成、 电化学性质和双光子吸收研究

富勒烯C60/C70与肌氨酸和联苯咔唑醛的1,3-偶极环加成反应, 获得了富勒烯C60/C70-联苯咔唑衍生物3和4, 用1H NMR, 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS表征其结构; 研究了化合物3和4的紫外、荧光和电化学性质; 利用激光光解、Z扫描方法研究其双光子吸收特性.     

Synthesis and Ni(0)-catalyzed oligomerization of isomeric 4,4‴-dichloroquaterphenyls

4,4?-Dichloro-1,1′ : 2′,1″ : 2″,1?-quaterphenyl ( 9 ), 4,4?-dichloro-1,1′ : 3′,1″ : 3″,1?-quaterphenyl ( 10 ), and 4,4?-dichloro-1,1′ : 4′,1″ : 4″,1?-quaterphenyl ( 11 ) were synthesized by Pd (0) catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid with 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)biphenyl respectively. 4,4?-Dichloro-1,1′ : 2′,1″ : 2″,1?-quaterphenyl ( 9 ) and 4,4?-dichloro-1,1′ : 3′,1″ : 3″,1?-quaterphenyl ( 10 ) were oligomerized by Ni(0) catalyzed homocoupling reaction to yield white and soluble oligophenylenes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Some aromatic polyimides based on diamines containing hydrazo group and ether linkages

Three new hydrazo-bridged diamines, 4,4′-bis [4-(4-aminophenyloxy) phenylhydrazyl] biphenyl (BPD-2), 4,4′-bis [4-(4-aminophenyloxy) phenylhydrazyl] biphenyl ether (SPD-2) and 4,4-bis [4-(4-aminophenyloxy) phenyl] hydrazine (APD-2), were synthesized by the reduction of three azo-diols, 4,4′-bis (4-azo-1-hydroxyphenyl) biphenyl (BPD), 4,4′-bis (4-azo-1-hydroxyphenyl) biphenyl ether (SPD) and azo-4-hydroxybenzene (APD), and polymerized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PM), 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BP) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PR) either by one-step solution polymerization or by two-step procedure which includes ring-opening polyaddition to give poly(amic acid) followed by cyclic dehydration to polyimide. The monomers and polyimides were characterized by their elemental analyses, FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Glass transition temperatures of the polymers are quite high (175-310 °C), characteristic of polyimides. The decomposition temperatures for 10% weight loss fall in the range of 280-575 °C in nitrogen. Activation energies of pyrolysis for each of the polymers calculated from Horowitz and Metzger's method are also high (52.54-95.28 kJ mol⁻¹). The inherent viscosities of the polyimides at a concentration of 0.5 g/dl in DMF range from 0.94 to 1.93 dl/g.     

Syntheses,Crystal Structures,and Fluorescence Properties of Three Coordination Polymers Constructed Based on Benzoic Acid and Its Derivatives

Three new different dimensional coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(BA-)2(4,4?-bib)-1.5]n(1), [Zn(4-Br BA-)2(1,4-bmb)]n(2) and [Mn(4-Br BA)2(4,4?-bib)]n(3) have been assembled through the mixed-ligand synthetic strategy(4-HBr BA = 4-bromobenzoic acid, HBA = benzoic acid, 1,4-bmb = 1,4-bis(1 H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene, 4,4?-bib = 4,4?-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl). Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses(EA), powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), and thermogravimetric(TG) analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystals of complexes 1~3 are all in triclinic systems, space group P1. Complexes 1 and 2 are 0D binuclear structures, and 3 is a 1 D chain. Moreover, the solid state fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated.     

Isolation of Biphenyl and Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Degrading Bacteria and Their Degradation Pathway

Four strains of biphenyl-degrading bacteria were isolated from a sewage and identified from the Rhodococcus genus (SK-1, SK-3, and SK-4) and Aquamicrobium genus (SK-2) by 16S rRNA sequence. Among these strains, strain SK-2 was most suitable for biphenyl degradation. When 0.65, 1.3, 2.6, or 3.9 mM of biphenyl was used, the biphenyl was completely degraded within 24 and 96 h of culture, respectively. However, in the case of 6.5 and 9.75 mM of biphenyl, the biphenyl degradation yields were about 80 % and 46.7 % after 120 h of culture, respectively. The isolated strains could degrade a broad spectrum of aromatic compounds including high-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the presence of biphenyl. In addition, strain SK-2 could utilize PCB congeners containing one to six chlorine substituents such as 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl. The PCB utilization rate by the strain SK-2 was increased compared to that of other PCB congener-utilizing bacteria. The four isolates metabolized 4-chlorobiphenyl to 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(4′-chlorophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid. These results suggest the isolated strains might be good candidates for the bioremediation of PCB-contaminated soil, especially high-saline soils.     

SiO_2改性MCM-22分子筛上联苯与环己醇的择形烷基化反应

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为修饰剂,采用化学液相沉积法(CLD)对MCM-22分子筛进行改性,制备了一系列SiO_2改性的MCM-22催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2物理吸附-脱附、氨程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)对催化剂性质进行了表征。结果表明SiO_2主要沉积在MCM-22分子筛的外表面,外表面上的Br?nsted酸位量明显减少,但对分子筛的总酸量影响不大。考察了改性催化剂用于联苯与环己醇的择形烷基化反应制备线性4-环己基联苯(4-CBP)及4,4′-环己基联苯(4,4′-DCBP)的催化性能。在常压条件下,温度为190°C时反应200 min,4-CBP与4,4′-DCBP的选择性分别为80.4%与63.7%。结合表征数据,发现SiO_2沉积对发生在催化剂外表面Br?nsted酸位上的异构化反应有明显的抑制作用。此外,重复使用5次后的改性分子筛经过焙烧复原,活性与选择性基本恢复。     

Dimethylsilyl- and methylene-bridged aromatic groups : II. Phosphorescent triplet states

The zero-field splitting parameters D and E, or D, were measured by electron spin spectroscopy for the triplet states of bis(4-biphenylyl)dimethylsilane, 4,4′-bis-(4-biphenylyldimethylsilyl)biphenyl, 1,2-diphenyltetramethyldisilane, several monosilanes, bis(4-biphenylyl)methane, 4,4′-bis(4-phenylbenzyl)biphenyl, and dimethyldiphenylmethane. The zero-field splitting values of compounds having biphenyl subunits bridged with either SiMe₂- or CH₂-groups, compared with those of mono- and disubstituted biphenyls, show that the triplet electrons are localized mainly on one biphenyl group in each of the bridged compounds on the time scale of the ESR observations.     

Synthesis of Isatin Derivatives

Reactions were studied of isatin sodium salt with bromocyclohexane, p-ethoxyphenyl chloroethyl ketone, 4,4'-di(chloromethyl)biphenyl, and 4,4'-(dichloromethyl)diphenylmethane. N-cyclohexylisatin, p-ethoxyphenyl N-isatinoethyl ketone, 4,4'-di(N-isatinomethyl)biphenyl, 4-chloromethyl-4'(N-isatinomethyl)biphenyl, 4,4'-di(N-isatinomethyl)diphenylmethane, 4-chloromethyl-4'(N-isatinomethyl)diphenylmethane, and 4-(N-morpholinomethyl)-4'-(N-isatinomethyl)diphenyl were synthesized.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(PHTHALAZINONE BIPHENYL ETHER SULFONE KETONE)S FROM 4,4'-DICHLOROBENZOPHENONE

A series of poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone)s containing phthalazinone and biphenyl moieties were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic displacement polycondensation of 4-(4-hydroxylphenyl)(2H)-phthalazin-1-one(DHPZ),4,4'- dichlorobenzophenone(DCB),4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone(DCS) and 4,4'-biphenol(BP) in different molar ratios.The obtained copolymers were characterized by different instrumental techniques(FTIR,TGA,DSC,WAXD,etc.).The inherent viscosities of these polymers were in the range of 0.43-0.56 d...     

Perfluorobiphenyls and perfluorobiphenyl ethers

Nucleophilic attack by various polyfluoro- and perfluoro-phenoxides upon decafluorobiphenyl, perfluoro-4-methylbiphenyl and perfluoro-4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl in dimethylacetamide solution gave a number of high boiling aryl ethers by mono- and di-substitution. The disodium salt of octafluoro-4-4′-dihydroxybiphenyl with octafluoroanisole in dimethylacetamide gave another aryl ether containing four rings, but the dipotassium salt of hexafluoro-3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4t?-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl (prepared by the action of potassium hydroxide upon perfluoro-4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl) with octafluorotoluene gave a complex mixture of products. The syntheses of various new compounds used as intermediates are described.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Aryl Ether-Bissulfone)s

A series of poly(aryl ether-bissulfone)s were synthesized from bis-phenols, 4,4′-bis(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)biphenyl, and 4,4′-bis(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)biphenyl. The bishalide monomers were synthesized by reaction of 4,4′-bis(chlorosulfonyl)biphenyl with a suitable aryl halide. Potassium carbonate mediated reaction in di-methylacetamide gave high molecular weight polymers in excellent yield. The polymers are soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents. Unlike the corresponding monosulfone analogues, the poly(aryl ether-bissulfone)s exhibited poor solubility in chlorinated hydrocarbons. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers are among the highest known for poly(aryl ether)s (241-271 °C). In addition, the polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability and they produce clear, colorless tough films by solution casting or compression molding.     

Preparations of bis[2-(2-arylethynyl)-3-thienyl]arenes and bis[2-{2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl}-3-thienyl]arenes

4,4′-Bis[2-(2-phenylethynyl)-3-thienyl]biphenyl, 4,4′-bis[2-{2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl}-3-thienyl]biphenyl and their congeners were prepared and their properties were studied. Extension of π-system through the central benzene ring was suggested by UV-vis spectra. Connection of two 1,4-bis[2-{2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl}-3-thienyl]benzene units was exemplified.     

Six new metal-organic frameworks with multi-carboxylic acids and imidazole-based spacers: syntheses, structures and properties

Six new metal-organic frameworks [Cu(obba)(bimb)·(obbaH(2))](n) (1), [Cu(obba)(bimb)](n) (2), [Zn(2)(obba)(2)(bimb)(2)(DMF)(2)(H(2)O)(3.5)](n) (3), [Ni(3)(2,2',4,4'-bptcH)(2)(bimb)(2)(H(2)O)(2)·(H(2)O)(2)](n) (4), [Ni(2)(bimb)(3)(H(2)O)(6)·(aobtc)·(DMF)(2)·(H(2)O)(2)](n) (5) and [Cd(3,3',4,4'-bptcH(2))(H(2)O)·(bimb)](n) (6), were obtained by reactions of 4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)biphenyl (bimb) and multi-carboxylic acids of 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid) (obbaH(2)), 2,2',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylate acid (2,2',4,4'-bptcH(4)), azoxybenzene-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid (aobtcH(4)), and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylate acid (3,3',4,4'-bptcH(4)) with corresponding metal salts under hydro/solvothermal conditions, respectively. Complexes 1-3 have entangled structures with different topologies: 1 is a 3-fold interpenetrating NbO three-dimensional (3D) network; 2 is a 3-fold interpenetrating dmp 3D net; 3 is a 6-fold interpenetrating dia 3D chiral net containing rare 1D helical chains with the same handedness. Complex 4 is an uninodal 6-connected network with a Sch?fli symbol of (4(8)6(4)8(3)) based on the trinuclear Ni(II) subunits, while complexes 5 and 6 are 1D chains. Interestingly, compound 6 represents the rare example of MOFs that exhibit high photocatalytic activity for dye degradation under visible light and shows good stability towards photocatalysis. Complexes 3 and 6 exhibit intense blue emissions in the solid state at room temperature whereas 3 appears to be a good candidate of novel hybrid inorganic-organic NLO material.     

吡啶基团的对称性和离子化对分子双光子吸收截面的影响

采用超快速激光光谱方法研究了含吡啶基团的四个联苯乙烯衍生物及两个杂环分子(A: 4,4’-二(2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯)联苯; B: 4,4’-二(2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯)联苯; C: 1-甲基-4-(2-(4’-(2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基)-4-联苯)乙烯基)吡啶碘盐; D: 1-甲基-2-(2-(4’-(2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯基)-4-联苯)乙烯基)吡啶碘盐; E: 4-(2-(9-丁基-9氢-3-咔唑)乙烯基)-1-甲基吡啶碘盐; F: 4-(2-(9-丁基-9氢-3-咔唑)乙烯基)-1-甲基喹啉碘盐)的结构-性能关系. 实验结果显示双光子吸收截面最大的是分子E, 高达617.3 GM; 最小的是分子B, 为19.3 GM(1 GM=10^-50 cm⁴·s·photon^-1). 实验研究结果表明, 分子中吡啶基团的对称性及其离子化对分子双光子吸收截面起很重要的作用; 进一步用理论计算证实了以上实验结论并对其机制进行了分析讨论.     

WS4Cu3I2]- and [WS4Cu4]2+ secondary building units formed a metal-organic framework: large tubes in a highly interpenetrated system

A 3D metal-organic framework, {[WS(4)Cu(4)(dpbp)(4)](2+)·[WS(4)Cu(3)(dpbp)(2)I(2)](-)·I(-)}(n)·xSolvent, [dpbp = 4,4'-di(4-pyridyl)biphenyl] with an unprecedent 8-fold non-equivalent interpenetration mode is presented, which contains four anionic and four cationic frameworks formed by tetranuclear [WS(4)Cu(3)I(2)](-) and pentanuclear [WS(4)Cu(4)](2+) SBUs with long dpbp ligands. Large rhombus-shaped tubes with diagonal dimensions of ~20 × 10 ? are formed in spite of high interpenetration.     

Biphenyl- and terphenyl-based recyclable organic trivalent iodine reagents

Biphenyl- and terphenyl-based recyclable trivalent iodine reagents, such as 4-bromo-4′-(diacetoxyiodo)biphenyl, 4,4′-bis(diacetoxyiodo)biphenyl, 1,4-bis[4-(diacetoxyiodo)phenyl]benzene, 4-bromo-4′-[(hydroxy)(tosyloxy)iodo]biphenyl, 4,4′-bis[(hydroxy)(tosyloxy)iodo]biphenyl, were simply prepared and their reactivities for the oxidative rearrangement of ketones to esters, TEMPO-mediated oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, oxidative dealkylation of N-alkylsulfonamides to sulfonamides, and α-tosyloxylation of ketones were compared with p-(diacetoxyiodo)toluene and p-[(hydroxy)(tosyloxy)iodo]toluene to show the same reactivities and, moreover, the biphenyl- and terphenyl-based iodoarenes formed were recovered by simple filtration of the reaction mixture in every reaction. Thus, these biphenyl- and terphenyl-based trivalent iodine reagents can be used as the recyclable reagents.     

Sulfonated poly(fluorene-co-sulfone)ether membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane groups for fuel cell applications

A new class of sulfonated poly(fluorene-co-sulfone)ether membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) groups were synthesized and characterized in terms of their electrochemical properties as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Two monomers, 9,9-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)fluorene and 4,4′-sulfonyl-bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl were synthesized and statistically copolymerized by thermal [2π + 2π] cycloaddition to yield a series of polymers containing 0–60 mol% of fluorenyl content (PFS-X). The copolymers were then sulfonated using chlorosulfonic acid to afford five kinds of ionomers with different sulfonation levels (SPFS-X), which were cast into membranes and analyzed in terms of electrochemical properties. It was found that the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol permeability values of SPFS-X increased with the increment of the sulfonated fluorenyl content. The proton conductivities of SPFS-50 and -60 with high IECs and water uptake values were higher than those of Nafion-115 between 25 and 80 °C. The methanol permeability of SPFS-X was considerably lower than that of Nafion-115.     

Preparation of poly(phosphate ester)s having bisphenol moieties as mesogenic units in the main chain

Poly(phosphate ester)s, PPE 1a–d , were synthesized from polycondensation of methyl phosphorodichloridate (MPDC) with various bisphenols such as 4,4′-biphenol 1a , 4,4′-dihydroxyphenylether 1b , bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 1c , and 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-dihy-droxybiphenyl 1d . PPE 2a–d with hexamethylene spacers were also obtained from poly-condensation of MPDC with 4,4′-bis(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)biphenyl 2a , 4,4′-di(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)phenyl ether 2b , bis[4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)phenyl]methane 2c , and 3,3′-dimethyl 4,4′-di(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)biphenyl 2d . The degree of crystallinity of PPE 1a–1d without hexamethylene spacer was 3.3–17.6%, whereas PPE 2a and PPE 2b which exhibit mesomorphic behavior were 20.1 and 18.6%, respectively. PPE 2a and PPE 2b show the mesophase at 139.6–195.5°C and 42.4–66.3°C, respectively. PPE 2c and PPE 2d were obtained as rubbery. From pyrolysis of PPE in air the temperature corresponding to 5% weight loss was found to be 322–408°C and 284–291°C for PPE 1 and PPE 2 , respectively. It was also found that PPE 2a was enzymatically degraded by phospholipase C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Rapid and sensitive determination of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography. This method involves the use of an appropriate mixture of extraction solvent (8.0?µL tetrachloroethylene) and disperser solvent (1.0?mL acetonitrile) for the formation of cloudy solution in 5.0?mL aqueous sample containing biphenyl and biphenyl oxide. After extraction, phase separation was performed by centrifugation and biphenyl and biphenyl oxide in sedimented phase (5.0?±?0.3?µL) were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionisation (GC-FID) system. Type of extraction and disperser solvents and their volumes, salt effect on the extraction recovery of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide from aqueous solution have been investigated. Under the optimum conditions and without salt addition, the enrichment factors for biphenyl and biphenyl oxide were 819 and 785, while the extraction recovery were 81.9% and 78.5%, respectively. The linear range was (0.125–100?µg L^?1) and limit of detection was (0.015?µg?L^?1) for both analytes. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n?=?4) for 5.0?µg?L^?1 of analytes were 8.4% and 6.7% for biphenyl and biphenyl oxide, respectively. The relative recoveries of biphenyl and biphenyl oxide from sea, river water and refined water (Paksan company) samples at spiking level of 5.0?µg?L^?1 were between 85.0% and 100 %.     

Coupling and Cyclization of Sydnone Compounds

Cyclization were occurred via the coupling reactions of some mercuric chloride derivatives of sydnone with LiPdCl₃-CuCl₂. A unique six-membered ring, 3,3′-ethylene-4,4′-bissydnone, was obtained by the cyclization reation of 1,2-di[3-(4-chloromercuric)sydnonyl]ethane. However, the seven-membered 3,3′-trimethylene-4,4′-bissydnone and 1,3-di[3-(4-chloro)sydnonyl]-propane were obtained from the corresponding mercuric chlroide of sydnone. Onyl substitution reaction took place when 4,4′-di[3-(4-chloromercuric)sydnonyl]biphenyl, 4,4′-di[3-(4-chloromercuric)sydnonyl]benzene, di(p-[3-(4-chloromercuric)sydnonyl]-phenyl}methane and, di(p-[3-(4-chloromercuric)sydnonyl]phenyl]ether were treated using the same process.