大开口复合材料层合板强度破坏研究

复合材料层合板的各向异性及非均质,使得复合材料层合板内部的破坏形式非常复杂.在复合材料结构的设计中,为满足制造及使用功能上的需求,在复合材料层合板承力结构件上不可避免地需要设计各种开口.然而,含大开口复合材料层合板的强度破坏问题变得更为复杂,使得现有的强度理论面临新的挑战.针对碳纤维增强复合材料大开口层合板受单向拉伸载荷作用下的强度破坏问题进行了数值分析和实验研究.首先,根据Hashin准则和刚度退化模型,对含不同圆形开口尺寸的[0]_(10)单向铺层、[0/90]_5和[±45]_5正交铺层的层合板,进行了单向拉伸载荷作用下渐进失效的数值模拟分析,获得了对应结构的极限载荷和破坏模式.在此基础上,采用数字图像相关方法,进行复合材料大开口层合板强度破坏的实验研究.研究结果表明,大开口复合材料层合板在单向拉伸加载下主要呈现脆性破坏形式,破坏起始位置处于应力集中区.此外,破坏强度和失效模式与复合材料铺层方式和开口尺寸大小密切相关.其中[±45]_5铺层的开口层合板承载能力最弱,分层破坏最严重.开口尺寸越大,结构的极限载荷值越低.同实验测试结果相比,数值模拟对复合材料层合板的损伤失效分析略显不足,往往很难全面分析复合材料层合板破坏失效过程中的各种因素的影响.     

正交各向异性平板开孔弹性波的衍射与动应力集中

采用各向异性平板弯曲波动方程及摄动方法，对正交各向异性无限平板开孔弹性波的衍射及动应力集中的问题进行了分析研究，得到了在稳态波作用下此种忆边界条件波动问题的渐近形式分析解。同时采用复变函数方法及保角映射技术，为求解正交各向异性无限平板开孔弹性波的衍射及动力集中问题提供了一种统一规范的分析方法。     

Scattering of flexural waves and dynamic stress concentrations in Mindlin's thick plates with a cutout

Using the complex variable method and conformal mapping, scattering of flexural waves and dynamic stress concentrations in Mindlin's thick plates with a cutout have been studied. The general solution of the stress problem of the thick plate satisfying the boundary conditions on the contour of cutouts is obtained. Applying the orthogonal function expansion technique, the dynamic stress problem can be reduced into the solution of a set of infinite algebraic equations. As examples, numerical results for the dynamic stress concentration factor in Mindlin's plates with a circular, elliptic cutout are graphically presented in sequence. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

炮钢材料等离子淬火后动态力学性能研究

为提高炮钢材料在较高冲击作用下的动态力学性能,采用等离子淬火技术对炮钢材料进行表面处理,并使用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统对原始炮钢材料与等离子淬火后的炮钢材料进行对比分析,方法为对两种试样在试验前后的长度压缩量以及二者在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变曲线进行比较。结果表明,随着应变率的增加两种试样的应力-应变关系、屈服强度都有不同程度的强化效应,都表现出一定的应变率敏感性;在相同气压下两种试样在长度方向上都产生了一定的塑性变形,但淬火试样的压缩量明显小于原始试样。并且气压相同时试样经过等离子淬火后其抗冲击性能有显著提升,具体表现为应变与应变率降低,屈服强度与极限强度升高。     

各向异性平板开孔动应力集中问题的研究

采用各向异性平板弯曲波动理论及摄动方法，对正交各向异性平板开孔弯曲波的散射及动应力集中问题进行了分析研究，得到了此种平板稳态弯曲波动问题的渐近形式的分析解。同时采用保角映射技术，为求解正交各向异性平板开孔弹性波的散射及动应力集中问题提供了一种统一规范的方法。     

小内力平板弹性波散射问题的摄动方法

基于平板小挠度弯曲波动方程,采用摄动方法具有纵向内力作用下的平板开孔弹性波的散射问题进行了研究,得么了传播稳态波时此种平板弯曲波动问题的分析解,分析了均匀纵向内力对弹性波散射结果的影响,作为算例,本文给出了平板圆形开孔的动应力集中系数的数值结果,并对计算结果进行了讨论。     

Strain-rate effect on initial crush stress of irregular honeycomb under dynamic loading and its deformation mechanism

The seemingly contradictory understandings of the initial crush stress of cellular materials under dynamic loadings exist in the literature, and a comprehensive analysis of this issue is carried out with using direct information of local stress and strain. Local stress/strain calculation methods are applied to determine the initial crush stresses and the strain rates at initial crush from a cell-based finite element model of irregular honeycomb under dynamic loadings. The initial crush stress under constant-velocity compression is identical to the quasi-static one, but less than the one under direct impact, i.e. the initial crush stresses under different dynamic loadings could be very different even though there is no strain-rate effect of matrix material. A power-law relation between the initial crush stress and the strain rate is explored to describe the strain-rate effect on the initial crush stress of irregular honeycomb when the local strain rate exceeds a critical value, below which there is no strain-rate effect of irregular honeycomb. Deformation mechanisms of the initial crush behavior under dynamic loadings are also explored. The deformation modes of the initial crush region in the front of plastic compaction wave are different under different dynamic loadings.     

应变率对光圆钢筋与混凝土“粘结-滑移”行为影响的实验研究

为研究应变率对钢筋与混凝土界面粘结性能的影响，利用高速拉伸试验机进行了光圆钢筋的动态拔出实验。通过合理设计加载夹具和测试方法，得到不同应变率下光圆钢筋的“粘结-滑移”全程曲线。实验结果表明:随着应变率的增大，钢筋-混凝土界面的粘结强度显著提高，且界面失效形式由拔出失效为主转变为混凝土试件的破裂破坏为主；粘结强度的动态增强因子（f _DIF）随应变率的增长斜率明显可以分为低应变率和高应变率两个区段。低应变率下，f_DIF增长较为缓慢；而高应变率下，f _DIF快速增长；转变应变率约为33 s?1。     

Buckling behavior of compression-loaded composite cylindrical shells with reinforced cutouts

Results from a numerical study of the response of thin-walled compression-loaded quasi-isotropic laminated composite cylindrical shells with unreinforced and reinforced square cutouts are presented. The effects of cutout reinforcement orthotropy, size, and thickness on the non-linear response of the shells are described. A high-fidelity non-linear analysis procedure has been used to predict the non-linear response of the shells. The analysis procedure includes a non-linear static analysis that predicts stable response characteristics of the shells and a non-linear transient analysis that predicts unstable dynamic buckling response characteristics. The results illustrate the complex non-linear response of a compression-loaded shell with an unreinforced cutout. In particular, a local buckling response occurs in the shell near the cutout and is caused by a complex non-linear coupling between local shell-wall deformations and in-plane destabilizing compression stresses near the cutout. In general, reinforcement around a cutout in a compression-loaded shell can retard or eliminate the local buckling response near the cutout and increase the buckling load of the shell. However, results are presented that show how certain reinforcement configurations can cause an unexpected increase in the magnitude of local deformations and stresses in the shell and cause a reduction in the buckling load. Specific cases are presented that suggest that the orthotropy, thickness, and size of a cutout reinforcement in a shell can be tailored to achieve improved buckling response characteristics.     

含孔曲板弹性波散射与动应力分析

基于敞口浅柱壳弹性波动方程及摄动方法，对无限大含孔曲板弹性波散射及动应力问题进行了分析研究，将经典薄板弯曲波动问题的分析解作为本问题的主项，给出了在稳态波下孔洞附近散射波的零阶渐近解。建立了求解含孔曲板弹性波散射与动应力问题的边界积分方程法，利用积分方程法可获得问题的近似分析解。并给出了无限大曲板圆孔附近动应力集中系数的数值结果，且对计算结果进行了分析与讨论。     

Axial compression and energy absorption characteristics of high-strength thin-walled cylinders under impact load

Non-linear finite element software LS-DYNA is used to analyze the axial compression behavior and energy absorption of a high-strength thin-walled member under an impact load. To elucidate the effect of dynamic impact on the strain rate, the Cowper-Symonds equation is applied to analyze the plastic state of stress and the onset of dynamic yielding under different strain rates, such that the modeled deformation behavior of the member is consistent with the actual situation. Results for the thin-walled members made of mild steel and dual phase steel are compared. Assuming two different materials with equal sectional areas, an analysis confirms that the energy absorption of high-strength steel thin-walled component is better than the mild steel thin-walled component. Hence, thin-walled tubes made of high-strength steel are investigated using a series of analysis. The relationships between displacement and load, average load and energy absorption properties are obtained.     

聚酯纤维对透水沥青混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响

为研究聚酯纤维对透水沥青混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响,采用?74 mm钢质分离式霍普金森压杆装置对掺杂不同质量分数的聚酯纤维透水沥青混凝土进行冲击压缩实验。在静态和4个应变率下的实验结果表明,透水聚酯纤维沥青混凝土是应变率敏感性材料,具有较强应变率效应。透水聚酯纤维沥青混凝土具有较好的延展性,动态应力应变曲线分为3个阶段:弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段。当应变率相同时,随着掺杂聚酯纤维质量分数的增大,透水沥青混凝土的冲击抗压强度呈现出先升高后降低的变化规律,掺杂聚酯纤维的质量分数为0.40%时,冲击抗压强度达到最大。冲击抗压强度约为静态抗压强度的8~13倍。     

Dynamic Separation of Resistance Spot Welded Joints: Part II—Analysis of Test Results and a Model

The ultimate strength of resistance spot welded joints fabricated from a wide range of steel grades, weld button size, and sheet thickness are reported for lap-shear and cross-tension specimens subjected to quasi-static and impact loading conditions. Test data are analyzed with respect to energy, impact speed, and loading rate. Loading rate is identified as a critical, test system independent parameter to reflect the strain rate sensitivity of the steels. An equation is fitted to the ultimate strength test data as a function of loading rate which is proposed to predict the separation of spot welded joint under dynamic loading. The model is validated by test data from open literature generated from other type of specimens and/or dynamic test conditions.     

基于平板振动精确化方程求解动应力集中问题

基于文献[8]给出的平板弯曲振动精确化方程,对含圆孔平板中弹性波散射与动应力集中问题进行了研究.文中给出了分别基于Mindlin板与精确化板方程在不同参数下圆孔动弯矩集中系数的数值结果,并对结果进行了对比分析和讨论.结果表明:在较低频率和薄板情况下,基于文献[8]的方程与基于Mindlin板理论得到的动弯矩结果是基本一致的;在较高频率和厚板情况下,基于文献[8]的方程与基于Mindlin板理论的动弯矩结果相差较大,最大值超出可达16%.由于文献[8]给出的平板振动精确化方程是在没有任何工程假设条件下得到的,因此其分析计算结果更精确一些.      

钢纤维高强混凝土冲击压缩的试验研究

介绍了利用100 mm SHPB装置获得钢纤维高强混凝土冲击压缩应力-应变曲线的试验研究。同一类试样在静态和动态共4个不同应变率下的试验结果揭示混凝土是应变率敏感材料，其破坏应变、峰值应变和弹性模量表现出显著的应变率强化效应。从静态和动态压缩下混凝土损伤演化的不同形式对这种应变率强化效应进行了详细讨论。从相近应变率下不同钢纤维含量试样的试验结果中，发现冲击压缩下钢纤维对混凝土的增强效应随应变率的增大而减弱。从钢纤维对混凝土静态和动态压缩下损伤演化形式的影响，讨论了钢纤维对混凝土的这种增强效应。     

WFeNiMo高熵合金动态力学行为及侵彻性能研究

为了探究不同应变速率下WFeNiMo高熵合金的变形行为和侵彻性能, 采用万能材料试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆开展了高熵合金的静动态力学性能试验, 讨论了其在不同应变速率下变形特征微观机制. 基于弹道枪试验平台开展了高熵合金与典型钨合金(93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe,wt%)破片对有限厚钢靶侵彻作用性能试验研究, 分析了两种合金破片侵彻作用过程与靶板破坏特征、侵彻穿孔能量消耗与撞击速度间的关系. 结果表明: 高熵合金、钨合金材料屈服强度与应变率呈正相关, 且在相同的应变率下高熵合金具有更高的屈服强度; 随着应变率的提高, 高熵合金由脆性断裂、韧脆混合的准解理断裂发展至具有黏着特性的破碎变形模式; 高熵合金具有较强的局部绝热变形能力, 在侵彻薄钢靶时体现出较高的剪切敏感性; 相同撞击速度下, 高熵合金破片穿靶消耗的能量低于钨合金破片, 对于薄钢靶具有更强的侵彻穿透能力. 高熵合金具有优异的力学性能和侵彻能力, 在高速撞击薄靶板时除了传统的剪切冲塞作用还具有一定的能量释放特性, 在预制破片上有较好的应用前景.      

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND PENETRATION PERFORMANCE OF WFeNiMo HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY 1)

为了探究不同应变速率下WFeNiMo高熵合金的变形行为和侵彻性能, 采用万能材料试验机、分离式霍普金森压杆开展了高熵合金的静动态力学性能试验, 讨论了其在不同应变速率下变形特征微观机制. 基于弹道枪试验平台开展了高熵合金与典型钨合金(93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe,wt%)破片对有限厚钢靶侵彻作用性能试验研究, 分析了两种合金破片侵彻作用过程与靶板破坏特征、侵彻穿孔能量消耗与撞击速度间的关系. 结果表明: 高熵合金、钨合金材料屈服强度与应变率呈正相关, 且在相同的应变率下高熵合金具有更高的屈服强度; 随着应变率的提高, 高熵合金由脆性断裂、韧脆混合的准解理断裂发展至具有黏着特性的破碎变形模式; 高熵合金具有较强的局部绝热变形能力, 在侵彻薄钢靶时体现出较高的剪切敏感性; 相同撞击速度下, 高熵合金破片穿靶消耗的能量低于钨合金破片, 对于薄钢靶具有更强的侵彻穿透能力. 高熵合金具有优异的力学性能和侵彻能力, 在高速撞击薄靶板时除了传统的剪切冲塞作用还具有一定的能量释放特性, 在预制破片上有较好的应用前景.     

高强钢纤维混凝土冲击压缩特性试验研究

采用大尺寸SHPB装置 ,对钢纤维体积分数在 0～ 6 %的高强钢纤维混凝土进行冲击压缩试验 ,得到应变率约 10 0s-1下的应力 应变全曲线及方程 ,给出抗压强度与应变率的关系 ,讨论了钢纤维含量对冲击强度的影响。     

加载速率对40Cr钢Ⅱ型动态断裂特性的影响

采用新型Ⅱ型动态断裂测试技术,对高强钢40Cr在高加载速率下的Ⅱ型动态断裂特性进行了测试研究。基于新设计的Ⅱ型动态断裂试样和分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）技术,通过实验-数值方法确定了裂尖在加载过程中的应力强度因子曲线。采用应变片法确定了试样的起裂时间,最终得到40Cr的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性值,并对其加载速率相关性和材料的失效机理进行了研究。结果表明,在1.08～5.53 TPa·m1/2/s的加载速率范围内,40Cr的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性基本表现为与加载速率成正相关的变化趋势。通过对试样断口形貌的分析,确定了材料的失效模式及机理,发现随着加载速率的增加,存在拉伸型失效向绝热剪切型失效模式转变的现象。     

Hybrid stress analysis of perforated composites using strain gages

A strain gage hybrid method is described for determining individual stresses on the boundary and in the neighborhood of cutouts in orthotropic composites. Results agree with independent measurements and finite element analysis. Few measured strain data are needed, and the measured strains originate away from the hole. Ability to determine the stresses on the edge of a cutout from nonboundary measurements recognizes the difficulties in obtaining reliable measurements very near an edge while circumventing the challenge of attempting to bond gages to the transverse curved surface of a small hole or notch. The method also alleviates the problem of not knowing a priori where the most serious stress will occur on the geometric boundary and, hence, where to locate strain gages.