基于损伤一致性的动车组转向架载荷实验谱研究

动车组转向架构架载荷状况复杂, 实际运用条件下包含多个基本载荷系, 因此转向架构架局部位置的总损伤是若干载荷系在该位置相应损伤的累积; 转向架构架实验谱是考核动车组构架寿命的关键手段, 在没有实测载荷的条件下如何编制实验谱是本文的研究目标.本文首先对转向架构架承载系统的线性假设、稳定假设及典型假设进行了确认研究; 然后根据长期实测线路仅有的动应力数据, 将转向架构架典型应力分区域编制应力谱; 其次根据构架受力特点对构架建立载荷系, 在试验台中标定各个载荷系下的载荷应力传递关系, 并将区域典型测点的最大标定系数作为该区域的载荷应力传递系数; 然后基于损伤一致性原则建立优化函数, 并将获得的载荷应力传递系数矩阵代入优化函数, 得到一种适用于由线路实测动应力大数据推导出实验载荷谱的方法. 试验结果证明该方法具有较高的精度, 对构架关键部位的考核实现了典型区域全覆盖; 在中国线路运用工况下, 相比国际通用规范, 该方法对所有典型区域做到损伤再现, 所编制实验谱对转向架构架的考核更具有适用性.      

HT-7U真空室振动时效消应力分析

针对HT-7U真空室拼焊过程中产生的焊接变形, 应用振动时效(VSR)工艺, 以消除拼焊处残 余应力, 提高真空室的尺寸精度. 通过振动过程中动应力分析和VSR工艺前后残余应力的对 比测量, 了解真空室拼焊处动应力和残余应力的分布状况, 实验结果表明VSR工艺消应力效 果良好.     

高速列车-轨道-路基耦合垂向振动特性分析

随着高速铁路的发展,列车运行速度和列车载重的不断提高,轨道结构承受的动载荷不断增大,其反复作用的结果必将导致轨道结构部件疲劳破坏更加突出,可靠性下降,并加速残余累积变形;反过来轨道结构部件的破坏,影响列车行驶的安全性和舒适性.因此,列车-轨道-路基耦合系统动力学问题越来越受到学术界的关注.采用统一模型法,建立车辆、钢轨、轨枕、道床和路基为一体的二系垂向耦合动力分析模型,利用新型显式积分法对耦合系统运动方程进行数值积分计算,分析列车速度、轨枕间距、轨道不平顺及列车重量对列车运行的品质、动位移以及轨道结构振动的影响规律.对车辆运行速度的控制以及对轨道结构设计、施工和养护提供有用的参考.     

秦沈客运专线高速列车构架蛇行波标准差的试验研究

国内外大多采用轨道横向不平顺作为列车—桥梁(轨道)时变系统横向振动的激振源。实际上，引起此系统横向振动的因素很多，诸如轨道横向不平顺、车轮踏面锥度、轮轨缺陷、车轮与钢轨的制造误差、车辆质量及其载重的偏心等。仅仅考虑轨道横向不平顺，会忽略其他很多因素的影响。相反，机车车辆构架蛇行波反映了引起此系统横向振动所有因素的影响，同时还反映了轮轨实际接触状态。研究证明，构架蛇行波标准差是输入此系统横向振动的能量，因此，有关它的研究十分重要。本文根据秦沈客运专线高速列车(中华之星)构架蛇行波现场测试结果，采用工程概率数值分析方法，对高速列车构架蛇行波标准差进行了统计分析，得出具有99％概率水平的高速列车构架蛇行波标准差与车速的关系曲线，为高速列车—桥梁(轨道)时变系统横向振动随机分析激振源的确定提供了基础资料；同时还列出了具有代表性的高速列车构架蛇行波实测波形图。     

小半径曲线上长大桥梁车桥耦合振动分析

本文基于车辆-直线桥梁的耦合振动分析理论,采用模态叠加法,建立车辆-曲线桥梁的耦合振动方程。采用移动坐标系,通过坐标变换,解决车辆曲线通过时轮轨耦合的几何关系。依据赫兹弹性接触理论,考虑密贴接触和非密贴接触,求解轮轨接触力。基于车辆直线运动的Kalker线形蠕滑理论,修正后得出车辆曲线运行的蠕滑率。同时,在广义力向量中考虑了车辆曲线运动时产生的离心力和超高分力。采用分离迭代法求解运动方程,得出车桥耦合振动响应。基于这些理论分析,结合某小半径曲线上长大桥梁工程实例,进行列车-曲线桥梁的车桥耦合振动数值分析,得出了车辆通过小半径曲线上长大桥梁的一些车桥振动特性和规律。     

THE STRESS FIELD AT MODE I CRACK TIP ON STEEL PIPE UNDER AXIAL TENSION

采用弹性断裂力学Westergaard 的方法,分析在轴向拉伸载荷作用下钢管的Ⅰ型裂纹尖端处的应力场. 基于Ⅰ型裂纹钢管应力场的特征,设定尖端处的应力艾雷函数,给出其应力场模型边界条件和应力场的解析函数,并利用裂纹尖端处的切平面研究裂纹尖端局部应力场,建立了钢管裂纹尖端应力场模型. 通过钢管与平板Ⅰ型裂纹应力场模型的对比,结果表明二者明显不同,钢管裂纹尖端处应力峰值影响范围仅与裂纹长度、拉应力相关.     

厚圆板轴对称振动的弹性力学解

本文以轴对称三维弹性力学基本方程为基础,导出厚圆板强迫振动的状态方程式。利用Ｍａｃｌａｕｒｉｎ级数和Ｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｅｒ定理,厚圆板的位移和应力可以用中面位移和应力的微分算子表示。通过载荷分解和圆板表面条件,可以得到厚圆板在对称载荷与反对称载荷作用下的振动控制方程。求解了厚圆板在周边固支和简支条件下的对称与反对称的自由振动问题。通过数值计算得到了这两类自由振动的固有频率。本文的方法适用于求解厚圆板在     

应用新型动光弹系统研究某设备受冲击载荷作用

结构受到冲击时,其应力分布与在静荷载作用下完全不同.本丈应用新型动光弹实验系统研究了某设备在冲击载荷作用下其内部动态应力分布情况.该系统由部分传统的动光弹实验装置、高速摄影系统和数字光弹图像处理系统组成,并且采用激光光源、落锤冲击载荷加载装置.加工制作了该设备模型的光弹性模型,应用到冲击载荷作用下的实验研究中,得到了该...     

无砟轨道结构对高速列车气动性能的影响

基于计算流体力学,采用滑移网格方法数值模拟了在有、无横风两种环境下高速列车以300km/h速度通过不同无砟轨道模型的空气动力学性能,研究了车体底板及转向架的表面压力特性,分析了列车与轨道周围的流场特性,研究了轨道结构对气动性能的影响.研究结果表明:当列车通过框架型轨道模型时,由于框架的存在,列车底板及转向架表面压力均呈现周期性波动现象,其压力波动的主频接近16.90Hz.在无横风环境下,列车车体底板的压力变化规律基本一致,且不同模型同一位置处的压力均值相差不大;在横风环境下,利用传统方法计算得到的车体底板压力幅值略大于框架型和平板型轨道模型的计算结果.     

黏弹性材料界面裂纹应力场奇性分析

研究两半无限大黏弹性体间Griffith界面裂纹在简谐载荷作用下裂纹尖端动应力场的奇异特性.通过引入裂纹张开位移和裂纹位错密度函数,相应的混合边值问题归结为一组耦合的奇异积分方程.渐近分析表明裂尖动应力场的奇异特征完全包含在奇异积分方程的基本解中.通过对基本解的深入分析发现黏弹性材料界面裂纹裂尖动应力场具有与材料参数和外载荷频率相关的振荡奇异特性.以标准线性固体黏弹材料为例讨论了材料参数和载荷频率对奇性指数和振荡指数的影响.     

高速客车转向架残余应力的试验研究

利用磁弹性这种新型的无损检测方法对高速客车转向架焊接构架组焊后的残余应力和构架在疲劳试验过程中的残余应力进行了试验研究,得到了构架残余应力随循环周次的变化规律     

柔性轮对的离散时间传递矩阵法建模及垂向振动

针对铁道车辆轮对系统的弹性振动及台架高频激振试验仿真问题, 以离散时间传递矩阵法建立了柔性轮对振动模型. 基于Newmark-β隐式法积分格式推导了分布质量弹性轮轴、集总质量车轮及弹簧-阻尼单元的离散时间传递矩阵, 采用Riccati法、Newmark-β法实现轮对系统垂向振动加速度以及速度、位移的求解, 将轮对模型与采用新型显式积分法求解的构架、轨道轮组动力学模型集成, 完成机车车辆单轴滚振试验台的动力学建模, 提出了混合积分模式下动态仿真求解流程. 基于滚振试验台, 开展了轨道轮初始表面粗糙度、打磨多边形及局部凹陷状态下300 ~ 400 km/h高速运行试验, 同步开展了相应的动力学仿真, 通过在时域-频域对测试和计算结果的比较, 检验了理论模型. 结果表明, 在振动加速度的时域-频域特性和幅值分布上, 单轮对柔体模型总体能够较好反映500 Hz频率下系统的中高频振动规律, 有效捕捉车轮不圆、多边形磨耗、局部凹陷等动态激扰, 三种轨面状态下计算的轴箱加速度幅值误差总体低于9%, 模型具有较好的适应性和准确性. 但相关建模方法如何在复杂空间结构中应用需要进一步探索.      

The response of a layered half-space to traffic loads moving along its surface

Summary The dynamic behaviour of a railway system is influenced by the interaction of its three subsystems: the vehicles, the rail construction itself and the subsoil. In this paper, the subsoil is considered as a linear-elastic layered half-space. Integral transformations are used for the analysis of this system: Fourier transformation for the time/frequency domain and for the space/wavenumber domains with respect to the horizontal coordinates. One arrives at an ordinary differential equation for the vertical direction, by which different layers or continuously changing elastic properties can be taken into account in an efficient manner. The efficiency of the transformation technique depends substantially on the effort necessary for the inverse transformation. A substantial reduction of data can be achieved in an error-controlled procedure if a wavelet transformation is applied as an additional transformation. The calculations are illustrated by solutions of several examples of moving time-dependent loads, particularly of a train model with four vehicles idealized by moving forces, time depending as if they were passing a rigid surface with a given roughness. Received 23 December 1997; accepted for publication 22 July 1998     

Dynamic response of tank trains to random track irregularities

This paper presents a dynamic analytical model for tank train vibrations. The train is considered as a system of 27 degrees of freedom consisting of lateral, roll, yaw, vertical, and pitch motions for the vehicle body and its two bogies and lateral, roll and vertical motions for the four wheel-sets. Liquid sloshing in the tank is modeled using an equivalent mechanical mass-spring model. Coupling between the vehicle system and the railway track is realized through the interaction forces between the train and the rail, where the vertical and lateral irregularity profiles of the track are regarded as stationary ergodic Gaussian random processes and simulated by polynomial functions. Random vibration theory is used to obtain the response power spectral densities. Finally, numerical results for a typical test case including natural frequencies of a coupled system, frequency response functions, and output power spectral densities are presented.     

Experimental dynamic analysis of elastic-plastic shear frames with secondary structures

Various experimental models are developed to study the influence of lightweight secondary structures on the dynamic response of elastic and elastic-plastic shear frames. Small-scale two-story model frames, with an elastic single-degree-of-freedom secondary structure attached, are considered for sinusoidal and random in-plane support excitation. Both elastic and elastic-plastic responses are recorded by varying the material properties of the columns of a distinguished floor. Parametric studies are performed by varying the secondary structure's fundamental frequency and damping. Experimental results are compared with those obtained by computational simulations. Experimental and numerical results are in excellent agreement, however they show that the material properties have to be determined very carefully. The statistic response of randomly excited elastic-plastic structures is not much affected by the motion of tuned secondary structures. However, this dynamic behavior is not true for elastic main structures. In this case, an optimally tuned secondary structure decreases the structural response up to 25%.     

Analytical study of the dynamic response of an embedded railway track to a moving load

Summary In this paper, the steady-state dynamic response of an embedded railway track to a moving train is investigated theoretically. The model for the track consists of a flexible plate performing vertical vibrations, two beams that are connected to the plate by continuous visco-elastic elements and an elastic foundation that supports the plate. Two harmonic loads that move uniformly along the beams describe the train load. The plate, the beams and the elastic foundation are employed to model a concrete slab of an embedded track, the rails and the ground reaction, respectively. The problem is studied by employing the Fourier integral transforms in the following way. Firstly, the dispersion analysis of waves that may propagate along the system is accomplished in the frequency-wavenumber domain. On the basis of this analysis, critical velocities of the loads are found both for the in-phase and anti-phase vibrations of the loads. Secondly, the vertical displacement of the rails and the slab, along with the stresses in the slab, are investigated as functions of the velocity and frequency of the loads. Finally, the response of the two-dimensional model is compared to that of a simplified one-dimensional model.     

Dynamic interaction between a moving vehicle and an infinite structure excited by irregularities – Fourier transforms solution

Summary  A new approach to calculate the dynamic interaction between a moving vehicle and an infinite structure is presented. Its main characteristics are: use of Fourier transformed domains (leading to a very general formulation of the problem), correct consideration of the motion of all components of the model; consideration of all kinds of mutual dynamic interactions between the vehicle and the track, and the possibility to include a layered half-space for the subgrade, instead of the elastic Winkler foundation used here. Examples of a single axle and a bogie model passing an irregular track illustrate characteristic effects. Received 13 December 1999; accepted for publication 21 September 2001 RID=" ID=" The research reported here was done at the Lehrstuhl für Baumechanik, (TUM). The authors are greatly indebted to Harry Grundmann for his interest and advice.     

Comments on “Vibration suppression for high-speed railway bridges using tuned mass dampers” [J.F. Wang,C.C. Lin,B.L. Chen, 2003. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40(2) 465–491]

In this comment, the discusser makes some remarks on the paper “Vibration suppression for high-speed railway bridges using tuned mass dampers” by Wang, J.F., Lin, C.C., Chen, B.L., published in the International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2003, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 465–491. First, the formulation of H(t, t_k) on p. 470 is questionable. Second, for a moving suspension mass model, the interaction force between moving mass and bridge is incorrectly given. Third, for a moving mass model for the train and without the installation of PTMD (passive tuned mass damper), the equation of motion of the bridge is incorrect. Lastly, for the train load model, which consists of one-half of a train car, one bogie, two wheel sets, spring and dashpot between bogie and half of a train car, and spring and dashpot between bogie and each wheel set, the authors did not put forward the formulation of interaction force between wheel set and bridge, but the discusser does.     

Hopf bifurcation analysis of railway bogie

The railway bogie, the most important running component, has direct association with the dynamic performance of the whole vehicle system. The bifurcation type of the bogie that is affected by vehicle parameters will decide the behavior of the vehicle hunting stability. This paper mainly analyzes the effect of the yaw damper and wheel tread shape on the stability and bifurcation type of the railway bogie. The center manifold theorem is adopted to reduce the dimension of the bogie dynamical model, and the symbolic expression for determining the bifurcation type at the critical speed is obtained by the method of normal form. As a result, the influence of yaw damper on the bifurcation type of the bogie is given qualitatively in contrast to typical wheel profiles with high and low wheel tread effective conicities. Besides, the discriminant of bifurcation type for the wheel tread parameter variation is given which depicts the variation tendency of dynamics characteristics. Finally, numerical analysis is given to exhibit corresponding bifurcation diagrams.