新型超支化聚芳烃的合成与性能研究

3,6-二乙炔基-9-(三苯胺基)-咔唑、4,4′-二乙炔基-4″-(咔唑基)-三苯胺双炔和1-辛炔单炔在CpCo(CO)2-hν催化的条件下合成了新型超支化聚芳烃.所得的聚合物都溶于普通溶剂(甲苯、THF、氯仿、二氯甲烷等).在光激发的条件下,聚合物在428 nm左右发射蓝光,其荧光量子效率达到62%.所有超支化聚合物都表现出优异的热稳定性,它们的起始分解温度高达484℃.     

含芳杂环的超支化聚合物的合成与性能研究

在紫外光照射的条件下,以CpCo(CO)2为催化剂,通过3,5-双-(4-炔苯基)-4-苯基-1,2,4-三唑和2,5-双-(4-炔苯基)-1,3,4-(噁)二唑的双炔分别与1-辛炔的[2 2 2]环三聚反应,合成了一类含芳杂环的可溶于普通有机溶剂的新型超支化聚合物.采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、热失重分析、紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、循环伏安法等方法对聚合物进行结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,聚合物具有优异的热稳定性,尤其是含三唑的聚合物热失重5%的分解温度在450℃以上;在800℃时,残余碳化率高达75%.在光激发的条件下,这类聚合物在二氯甲烷溶液中发射深蓝光,其荧光量子效率可达80%.电化学测试结果表明,这类含芳杂环聚合物具有较好的电子传输能力.     

侧链含氨基的聚(对亚苯基亚乙炔基-对亚苯基-咔唑)三元共聚物的合成及其聚集态下荧光特性

通过Sonogashira偶联反应制备了含有4-[2-(对苯胺)乙烯基]苯(M1)、2,5-二戊烷氧基-1,4-二乙炔基苯(M2)和9-辛基咔唑(M3)3种结构单元的三元共轭聚合物PPEC,并通过核磁共振氢谱确定了3种结构单元的比例为0.54∶1.00∶0.46(M1∶M2∶M3).由于在PPEC的侧链中含有氨基基团,通过在PPEC的THF溶液中分别加入水、甲醇和正己烷,诱导其产生聚集,其聚集后的荧光性质表现出明显的不同,在THF与水的混合溶剂中,PPEC发光强度会随着水含量的增加先是急剧降低,而后在高水含量时发光强度又显著增强;在THF与甲醇的混合溶剂中,PPEC发光强度随着甲醇的加入只是逐渐降低;在THF与正己烷的混合溶剂中,PPEC的发光强度则会随着正己烷的增加而增强.该结果表明氨基通过与水,或者自身所形成氢键作用,改变了PPEC分子链之间的聚集态结构,降低了分子内旋转非辐射能量效率,从而有效改善共轭聚合物的主链发光性质,这为设计聚集态下(或固态下)高性能的荧光共轭聚合物提供了一种新思路.     

含功能性季铵盐三苯胺聚合物的合成与电致变色和非易失性记忆性能

通过4-(4-氨基苯氧基)吡啶与4,4'-二溴二苯醚或1,4-二溴苯的偶合反应(Buchwald-Hartwig),得到聚[(4-(吡啶-4-氧基)-p-苯氧基]三苯胺或聚[4-(吡啶-4-氧基)]三苯胺,再与3-(氯甲基)-5-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,2,4-噁二唑进行季铵化反应,得到含功能性季铵盐三苯胺聚合物:聚[N-对苯氧基-N-[4-O-[2-对三氟甲基苯基-(4-氯化吡啶盐)噁二唑]基]三苯胺(PTP3FQ)和聚[N-[4-O-[2-对三氟甲基苯基-(4-氯化吡啶盐)噁二唑]基]三苯胺(PP3FQ).用核磁氢谱和红外光谱表征了PTP3FQ和PP3FQ的结构,用热失重和循环伏安法测定了PTP3FQ和PP3FQ的热性能和电化学性能.结果表明,在不外加电解质情况下,PTP3FQ和PP3FQ利用自身的季铵盐离子表现出良好的电致变色性能;将PTP3FQ和PP3FQ制成Al/聚合物/ITO结构的记忆器件,由于噁二唑基团与三苯胺形成电荷转移络合物,使记忆器件表现出非易失性可擦写(Flash)存储特性,开关比高达10~3.     

新型乙炔封端聚酰亚胺的制备及性能

用双酚A型二醚二酐(BPADA)和3-乙炔基苯胺(m-APA)进行缩聚反应合成了乙炔基封端的聚酰亚胺预聚体, 并对预聚体的熔体黏度、稳定性和热性能等进行研究. 结果表明, 此类预聚体具有较宽的加工窗口和较低的加工温度, 适合模压成型工艺制备树脂基复合材料. 预聚体经250 ℃固化后显示了优异的热性能, 动态力学分析显示其玻璃化转变温度为363 ℃, 在氮气和空气气氛下5%热失重温度分别为490和492 ℃.     

含二苯胺2,6-二咔唑基吡啶共轭化合物的合成

以咔唑,2,6-二溴吡啶和二苯胺为原料,经Ullmann和碘代反应合成了4个含二苯胺2,6-二咔唑基吡啶共轭化合物:3-二苯胺基-2,6二咔唑基吡啶,3,3’-二(二苯胺基)-2,6-二咔唑基吡啶,3,3’,6-三(二苯胺基)-2,6-二咔唑基吡啶和3,3’,6,6’-四(二苯胺基)-2,6-二咔唑基吡啶,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证。     

含偶氮苯与噻吩结构单元的共轭聚合物合成及酸致变色性质

以1,3-二(二苯膦基)丙烷二氯化镍(Ⅱ)作催化剂[Ni(dpp)Cl2],通过2,5-二溴噻吩格式试剂与4,4′-二碘偶氮苯共聚得到了一种新型共轭聚合物.采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对聚合物的结构进行表征并通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、X-射线衍射、热失重分析(TGA)、差热分析(DTA)等测试手段对聚合物的性能进行了详细的研究.紫外可见光谱分析结果表明,聚合物在384 nm处显示了偶氮苯发色团的特征吸收峰,相对于单体红移34 nm.在聚合物的氯仿溶液中观察到酸致变色现象,即分别加入CF3COOH和CH3SO3H后,溶液颜色由黄色分别变成墨绿色和紫色,而加入三乙胺溶液后溶液恢复到初始颜色.在25℃下测得的特性粘数为0.53 dL/g.热失重分析结果显示,该聚合物具有较好的热稳定性.     

基于醛或酮基咔唑超交联多孔聚合物的合成、表征与气体吸附性能

设计合成了醛基或酮基功能化的咔唑9-(4-联苯)-3-甲醛基咔唑(CM-2)、9-(4-联苯)-4-乙酮基咔唑(CM-3)和9-(4-联苯)-2,6-二氟-3-乙酮基咔唑(CM-4).分别以CM-2,CM-3和CM-4为单体,以FeCl_3为催化剂,采用一步法制备了超交联多孔聚咔唑:聚[9-(4-联苯)-3-甲醛基咔唑](HPP-2)、聚[9-(4-联苯)-4-乙酮基咔唑](HPP-3)和聚[9-(4-联苯)-2,6-二氟-3-乙酮基咔唑](HPP-4).反应中间体和聚咔唑的结构由核磁共振波谱(~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR)、魔角旋转交叉固体核磁共振波谱(~(13)C CP/MAS NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和质谱(MS)进行表征,研究了聚咔唑的热稳定性及气体(氮气、二氧化碳和甲烷)吸附性能.结果表明,3种聚咔唑在400℃左右开始分解,450~550℃出现明显失重,然后逐渐趋于平缓,800℃时的热失重均小于25%,表明材料有很好的热稳定性;HPP-2,HPP-3和HPP-4的BET比表面积分别为330,420和660 m~2/g,孔径分别为0.98,0.96和1.07 nm,对二氧化碳的吸附质量分数分别为6.90%,8.30%和9.80%,对甲烷的吸附质量分数分别为1.10%,1.30%和1.60%,表明所得聚合物的孔主要为微孔,且对二氧化碳和甲烷气体有良好的吸附能力.     

9,10-2H-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物基1,3-苯并噁嗪树脂的合成与表征

以水杨醛、对甲基苯胺(或对氟苯胺,对甲氧基苯胺)、9,10-2H-9-氧-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及甲醛为原料,通过三步反应合成了三个含DOPO基的1,3-苯并噁嗪化合物3a-3c.第一步,水杨醛与对位取代苯胺进行缩合反应生成亚胺(1a-1c);第二步,DOPO对亚胺进行加成反应得到仲胺(2a-2c);第三步,仲胺与甲醛在强酸性离子交换树脂催化下进行关环反应形成含DOPO的1,3-苯并噁嗪树脂.采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱等表征了化合物3a-3c,同时采用热失重分析技术测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,3a-3c由两对对映体组成,质谱条件下2a-2c和3a-3c均经裂解失去稳定的DOPO基团;3a-3c热降解反应包含两个热失重过程,分别在250和400℃下出现最大热释放速率.     

N,N-二[4-(9H-9-咔唑基)苯基]-3,5-二溴苯胺的合成

以3,5-二溴苯胺,碘苯和咔唑为原料,经取代和Ullmann反应合成了一个新的含咔唑三苯胺化合物——N,N-二[4-(9H-9-咔唑基)苯基]-3,5-二溴苯胺,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和ESI-MS表征。     

刚性链侧链型液晶高分子合成与研究

以自由基聚合方法，合成了一系列含有３个苯环通过酯键相联的液晶性单体及其聚合物，这类刚性液晶基元不通过柔性间隔基而直接竖挂在聚丙烯酸酯大分子主链上，具有很高的Ｔｇ·ＤＳＣ及偏光显微镜结果表明，所有的单体和聚合物均为向列型热致性液晶。     

新的含T-型二维液晶基元的液晶高分子的合成

采用低温溶液聚合方法,以N-(2,5-二羟基苯)亚甲基-4-取代苯胺和不同结构的二酰氯为单体,合成了两类新的高分子。聚合物的液晶行为用DSC、偏光显微镜和X射线衍射进行了表征,发现其中一类为向列型热致液晶高分子,另一类则无液晶性。随单体结构的改变,聚合物的特性粘数、熔点(Tm)和液晶态的清亮点(Ti)均呈现规律性变化。     

新的含T－型二维液晶基元的液晶高分子的合成

采用低温溶液聚合方法，以Ｎ－（２，５－二羟基苯）亚甲基－４－取代苯胺和不同结构的二酰氯为单体，合成了两类新的高分子．聚合物的液晶行为用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射进行了表征，发现其中一类为向列型热致液晶高分子，另一类则无液晶性．随单体结构的改变，聚合物的特性粘数、熔点（Ｔｍ）和液晶态的清亮点（Ｔｉ）均呈现规律性变化。     

Thermoanalytical studies on specialty polymers in Japan

Thermoanalytical studies on specialty polymers in Japan are reviewed. The basic and applied researches for the developments of new specialty polymers such as high-performance polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, and biodegradable polymers during the 1990's are introduced from the standpoint of thermal analysis. Many studies were performed for the improvements of durability and thermal stability of engineering polymers, biodegradable polymers and so on. A special topic of researches on the thermal behavior of polymers by high-pressure differential thermal analysis is included in this review. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Surface Lewis acid-base properties of polymers measured by inverse gas chromatography

Surface Lewis acid-base properties are significant for polymers materials. The acid constant, K(a) and base constant, K(b) of many polymers were characterized by some researchers with inverse gas chromatography (IGC) in recent years. In this paper, the surface acid-base constants, K(a) and K(b) of 20 kinds of polymers measured by IGC in recent years are summarized and discussed, including seven polymers characterized in this work. After plotting K(b) versus K(a), it is found that the polymers can be encircled by a triangle. They scatter in two regions of the triangle. Four polymers exist in region I. K(b)/K(a) of the polymers in region I are 1.4-2.1. The other polymers exist in region II. Most of the polymers are relative basic materials.     

Soluble blue light emitting pyridine-containing polymers prepared by oxidative-coupling copolymerization

Novel polymers containing pyridine moieties in main chains have been prepared by facile oxidative-coupling co-polymerization of pyridine N-oxide with N-alkyl carbazole and fluorene as the precursor polymers, which were reduced to the pyridine-containing polymers respectively. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, UV-Vis, X-ray, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The pyridine-containing polymers good solubility in convenient organic solvents, high thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature above 310 °C. The electrochemical behaviors of the polymers were investigated by cyclic voltammetry; the HOMO and LUMO energy level of the polymers were estimated from the electrochemistry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra of the pyridine-containing polymers display blue light emitting properties in both solution and solid-state film.     

Polybenzimidazoles containing anthracene photodimer

Polybenzimidazoles that contained anthracene photodimer were prepared. The molecular weights of the polymers prepared by the photopolymerization of bis-anthrylbenzimidazoles were limited by the precipitation of the resulting polymers from the reaction organic solvents. Higher molecular weight polymers were obtained by the photopolymerization of bis-anthryl-Schiff's bases, followed by the oxidation of the resulting polymers. These polymers were soluble in acidic solvents such as formic and sulfuric acids but were insoluble in organic solvents.     

Styrene-PEG (600) DMA Crosslinked Polymers for Absorption of Oil Derivatives

In this work, styrene (St) based crosslinked polymers were prepared for removal of oil derivatives from aqueous solutions. Polyethylene glycol (600) dimethacrylate (PEG (600) DMA) was used as crosslinker in synthesis of styrene based crosslinked polymers, for the first time. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, SEM, elemental analysis and solvent (toluene, chloroform and fuel-oil) absorption capacities. The effects of different reaction parameters like crosslinker type, diluents amount and the presence of pore forming agent on the absorption properties of polymers were investigated. The polymers synthesized by using PEG (600) DMA have higher solvent absorption capacity than that of synthesized by using conventional crosslinker. Furthermore, the polymers synthesized in the presence of good diluents have higher absorption capacities. The addition of pore forming agent into the reaction medium has also improved the absorption rate of polymers. The absorption capacity of polymers in different solvents is in order of chloroform > toluene > fuel-oil. It was seen that oil derivatives can be removed efficiently from water by the St-PEG (600) DMA polymers.     

Linear polymers of acrylic monomers containing an acetylenic moiety

1-Acryloxy-2-butyne and 1-methacryloxy-2-butyne were synthesized and polymerized by means of anionic initiators to soluble linear polymers containing acetylenic bonds in the pendant side chains. In contrast, insoluble, crosslinked polymers were formed when cationic and radical initiators were used. The unpolymerized acetylenic bonds in the resulting linear polymers were shown to be present by infrared spectroscopic methods and by the following post-reactions of these bonds: (1) the thermal- and radical-initiated crosslinking of the linear polymers through the acetylenic bonds; (2) the post-bromination of the acetylenic bonds; and (3) the reaction of decaborane with the acetylenic bonds. The anionic copolymerization of both monomers with a number of selected monomers was performed and the copolymer reactivity ratios for several of the comonomer pairs were determined. Dibromination of the linear polymers affords self-extinguishing polymers with apparently good hydrolytic stability. Decarbonation of the linear polymers yields soluble polymers which do not soften up to 300°C. The linear polymers and copolymers, as well as their partially brominated and partially decaboronated products, may be classified as “self-reactive” polymers which yield thermosetting polymers.     

Adhesion of filamentous microbial cells on paper covered with ionic polymers by radiation polymerization

The adhesion of filamentous microbial cells such as Trichoderma reesei was studied by using carriers covered with polymers which were prepared by the radiation polymerization of ionic monomers. The weight of the cells adhering to the carriers increased with increasing cationic monomer content, indicating that the surface of the polymers prepared from cationic and hydrophobic monomers is suitable for the adhesion of the cells. The production of cellulase in the cells adhered to polymers from cationic monomers was higher than that in cells adhered to polymers prepared from anionic monomers. The growth of the cells adhered to the surfaces of the polymers was affected by the hydrophilicity of the polymers.