涂锆石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定锗

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法测定锗的条件。试验了某些金属盐对测定锗的基体改进效应以及应用涂锆石墨管的效果。实验证明,应用涂锆石墨管可使测定锗的灵敏度提高约4.5～5倍,原子化出现温度从应用普通管时的2050K降低到1540K,消除了记忆效应。此时,锗的原子化机理可能是氧化锗被碳化锆还原,然后金属锗蒸发。提出了氯化锗用苯萃取后苯层进样的锗的分析方法。本研究可应用于煤灰中高于0.5ppm锗的测定。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生物样品中微量锗

采用钼酸铵浸渍处理石墨管 ,研究了苯基荧光酮为螯合剂 ,四氯化碳为萃取剂 ,N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)为反萃取剂的萃取富集锗的新方法 ,用硝酸镍作为基体改进剂 ,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定各种生物样品中微量锗。方法绝对灵敏度 (1%吸收 )为 1.67× 10 - 11g ,相对标准偏差 3.5 4 %～ 6.15 % ,回收率为 96%～ 10 2 %     

石墨炉AAS法中的石墨管改进技术

石墨炉原子吸收测定中使用普通石墨管引起的问题及其改进技术已有文献报导。本文在文献基础上,应用涂锆石墨管测定锗对石墨管改进技术中难熔碳     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定黑花生中痕量锗

建立了高压密闭消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定黑花生中痕量锗的分析方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收法的测定条件。该法以Pd(NO3)2+Ni(NO3)2为基体改进剂,样品的灰化温度和原子化温度分别为1100℃和2300℃,锗的检出限为3.27μg/L;回收率为92.7%～105.0%;相对标准偏差为1.74%～4.65%。研究结果表明:花生仁及其包衣中均含有痕量锗,且黑花生中锗含量高于同一产地出产的另外两个品种。     

甲基异丁酮-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定植物样品中微量锗

本文研究了用钼酸铵浸渍处理石墨管,石墨炉原子吸收法测定锗时的最佳条件。实验证明,锗与苯基萤光酮形成螯合物溶胶萃取在甲基异丁酮(MIBK)中,溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,用氨水作为基体改进剂,涂钼热解石墨管可使测定锗的灵敏度提高约20倍,可以直接测定人参及其它植物样品中的微量锗,灵敏度(1％吸收)为1.07×10~(-11)g,检测下限为2.20×10~(-10)g,相对标准偏差3.4％～7.6％,回收率为97％～103％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测钡时石墨管性能的探讨

近年来,随着石墨炉原子吸收分析技术的发展和应用,使人们越来越深刻地认识到石墨管的性能对石墨炉原子吸收分析起着重要的作用,它直接影响分析方法的灵敏度、检出限和准确度。因此作者在进行石墨炉原子吸收法测钡时,同时观察了普通石墨管、热解涂层石墨管和全热介石墨管的性能,并将所得实验结果作了全面的比较。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饮料中的锗及基体干扰的研究

本实验以硝酸镍为基体改进剂，用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定样品中的微量锗，研究了溶液介质与共存元素对测定的影响。方法简便，准确快速，灵敏度高。     

石墨炉原子化器中原子化过程的研究——Ⅳ.石墨管衬底材料对锗原子化的影响

本文研究了标准石墨管、涂钨和涂锆石墨管中锗原子吸光度,吸收信号形状和原子消失速度的变化。实验表明,在涂钨和涂锆石墨管中锗的分析灵敏度有较大的提高。同时实验测得在涂钨石墨管中锗的出现温度为1770K。按公式ΔH°=γTapp求得锗的ΔH°=106.2kcal/mol。它与锗的升华热89.5kcal/mol相近。因此,在涂钨石墨管中锗原子的形成是GeO₂被碳化钨还原成金属锗,随后锗的升华。     

石墨炉原子化器中原子化过程的研究(Ⅲ)——石墨炉中锗的原子化机理

有关锗的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析,文献报道较少,对锗的原子化机理,亦有不同的看法^[1~3].本文基于右墨炉中锗原孚化行为的观察,对锗原子形成的过程进行了讨论,认为原子化过程中,并存着二种还原反应:GeO₂(s)+C→GeO(g)+CO(g),GeO₂(s)+CO→GeO(g)+CO₂,而锗原子的形成是GeO(g)热分解的结果。     

负载苯基荧光酮纤维富集-GFAAS法测定痕量锗

苯基荧光酮;负载纤维;富集;石墨炉原子吸收;锗     

高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量

建立高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量。结合高频红外碳硫分析仪器特点,试验确定了方法的实验条件:试样粉碎至2.5 mm以下颗粒状,所有试样均为干燥状态,称样量控制在0.200 0~0.300 0 g之间,助熔剂为纯铁和钨粒,助熔剂添加顺序为纯铁+样品+钨粒。采用该方法对石墨标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符合,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.86%~1.96%(n=10)。该法可用于石墨及其制品中硫含量的测定。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定钒的研究

本文比较了在标准石墨管,热解涂层和全热解石墨管中钒的吸收信号形状。用全热解石墨管和EDTA铵盐作基体改进剂,直接测定水系沉积物中痕量钒。方法的特征量为61pg/0.0044A。     

Evaluation of electrodeposited tungsten chemical modifier for direct determination of chromium in urine by ETAAS

The direct determination of chromium in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using graphite tubes modified with tungsten is proposed. Modification of the graphite is made by tungsten electrodeposition over the whole surface atomizer followed by carbide formation by heating the tube inside its own furnace. For tungsten electrocoating, the graphite tube and a platinum electrode were connected to a power supply as cathode and anode, respectively, and immersed in a solution containing 2 mg of W in 0.1% v/v HNO₃. Then, 5 V was applied between the electrodes during 20 min for tungsten electrodeposition over the whole atomizer. A SpectrAA 220 Varian atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a deuterium background corrector was used throughout. Undiluted urine (20 μl) was delivered over the tungsten-treated tube and the chromium-integrated absorbance was measured after applying a suitable heating program with maximum pyrolysis at 1300 °C and atomization at 2500 °C. With electrodeposited tungsten modifier, the tube lifetime increased up to four times when compared to previous published methods for Cr determination in urine by ETAAS, reaching 800 firings. Method detection limit (3 S.D.) was 0.10 μg l⁻¹, based on 10 integrated absorbance measurements of a urine sample with low Cr concentration. Two reference materials of urines (SRM 2670) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were analyzed for method validation. For additional validation, results obtained from eight human urine samples were also analyzed in a spectrometer with Zeeman effect background correction.     

The application of metal-coated graphite tubes to the determination of trace metals in biological materials: I. The determination of lead in blood using a tungsten-coated graphite tube

A new technique is introduced in trace metal determinations in biological materials by coating the graphite tube with tungsten by a highly reproducible process. This coating appeared to be responsible for the prevention of residue formation that occurred in untreated graphite tubes when lead in blood was analyzed. The life of the graphite tube was thus increased by about 300% for this matrix.     

镧锆涂覆石墨管的制备及其在测定地面水中痕量锰的应用

本文研究La和Zr混合溶液涂覆石墨管的方法,并将其和涂La石墨管在性能、工作条件进行多方面的比较。结果表明,La-Zr涂覆石墨管能够提高某些元素的测定灵敏度、灰化温度,稳定性和使用寿命。本文还研究了采用La-Zr石墨管测定地面水中痕量锰的分析条件及其他离子的干扰试验。     

Direct determination of boron in a cobalt-based alloy by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry

A matrix modifier composed of nickel and zirconium, and a graphite tube treated with zirconium solution were proposed for the determination of boron in cobalt-based alloys by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of this matrix modifier and the treated graphite tube were studied, and the combination of 60 mug of nickel and 20 mug of zirconium as matrix modifier, and a graphite tube soaked with 10 g 1(-1) of zirconium solution were found to give the highest analytical sensitivity. The interference effects of major components (cobalt) and eight minor components (chromium, nickel, tungsten, iron, tantalum, molybdenum, titanium, aluminium and manganese) were studied. Boron in four cobalt-based alloys was determined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry employing the proposed matrix modifier and the treated graphite tube, without the preseparation of matrix. The relative standard deviation was 3.3% for 0.048% of boron. A characteristic mass was 500 pg.     

Determination of Beryllium in Natural Waters Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry With Tantalum-Coated Graphite Tube

Abstract

In the present paper a method for direct determination of beryllium in natural waters, especially in surface waters, using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace is described. Two procedures are compared, using an ordinary graphite tube and matrix modifier Mg(NO₃)₂, and using a tantalum coated tube without any modifier added. The detection limit (3[sgrave]) of the proposed method using the tantalum-coated tube is proved to be 0.02 μgBe/1. With the developed method the Be content in natural water samples collected from highly polluted and reference regions of Bohemia were determined. A certified reference material (IAEA/W-4) was also analysed to prove the accuracy of proposed method.     

石墨炉原子吸收法中热解涂层石墨管在无标准分析法测定环境样品中铬的应用

本文探讨了热解涂层石墨管测定铬的最佳实验条件,研究了各种酸和干扰物质的基体效应,提出用浓氨水为基体改进剂克服高氯酸的干扰。比较了各原子化温度时的理论和实验特征量。使热解涂层石墨管有可能用于无标准分析法测定各种环境样品中的铬。     

Mechanism of yttrium atom formation in electrothermal atomization from metallic and metal-carbide surfaces of a heated graphite atomizer in atomic absorption spectrometry

Mechanism of Y atom formation from pyrocoated graphite, tantalum and tungsten metal surfaces of a graphite tube atomizer has been studied and a mechanism for the formation for Y atoms is proposed for the first time. The following is the mechanism of yttrium atom formation regardless of whether the atomizing surface is pyrolytic graphite, tantalum or tungsten metal.

     

钽和钨涂层石墨管对电热原子吸收法分析性能的影响

本文研究了Ta、W涂层处理石墨管对Cr、Al、Ba、Ti、Pd、Bi等元素测定灵敏度的影响、经过涂层处理可使大部分元素灵敏度得到提高,但易生成耐高温氧化物的Pd等却有降低的趋势。进而用X-射线衍射及电子显微镜对涂层管表面进行了观察,探讨了某些元素增感、减感和提高测定精度的机制。