三极场发射显示器中二次印刷型碳纳米管阴极的制备及特性(英文)

结合丝网印刷技术,研发了一种碳纳米管阴极制备法.利用双壁纳米管作为原材料,并加入细小银颗粒,制作了混合纳米管浆料.将混合纳米管浆料制作在传导电极表面,再将普通纳米管浆料印刷在混合纳米管浆料的上面.在链式烧结炉中对烘烤后的纳米管浆料同时进行烧结以除掉有机溶剂.在进行适当的后处理工艺之后,就形成了二次印刷型纳米管阴极,它能显著改善阴极的场致发射特性.制作了二次印刷型纳米管阴极的三极结构场致发射显示器.该显示器具有更高的发光亮度以及更好的发光图像亮度均匀性.与普通纳米管阴极场致发射显示器相比较,它能够将开启电场从2.15V/μm降低到1.75V/μm,并能够将最大场发射电流从735.8μA提高到1 588.5μA.所研发的纳米管阴极制备方法具有很强的实际应用性,且制作成本低廉.     

增强碳纳米管场发射性能的沟槽形冷阴极制作(英文)

基于烧结工艺和丝网印刷技术,研发了一种新的沟槽形冷阴极.底部绝缘层由黑色绝缘浆料被烧结后制成,且在底部绝缘层中存在倾斜面.将银浆丝网印刷在条形电极上,依次经烘烤和烧结工艺后形成银电极.利用细砂纸,对银电极进行适当的抛光工艺,以便获得光滑的电极表面.由于特有的银电极形状,从而易于获得更大的场增强因子.将碳纳米管制备在银电极上,形成场发射极.致密的碳纳米管层完全覆盖银电极表面,特有的边缘场增强效应能够使得碳纳米管发射出更多的电子.顶部绝缘层则用于抑制碳纳米管的横向电子发射.结合沟槽形冷阴极,制作了三极结构的场致发射显示器,该显示器具有良好的场致发射特性及优良的发光图像均匀性.与普通冷阴极场致发射显示器相比,沟槽形冷阴极场致发射显示器能够将开启电场从1.86V/μm降低到1.78V/μm,将最大场致发射电流从1 537μA增加到2 863μA,且将最大发光图像亮度从1 386cd/m2提高到1 865cd/m2.该制作技术在场致发射显示器中具有较强的实际应用性.     

六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极的大电子发射电流和高电子发射稳定性（英文）

研制了一种六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极.在这种结构中,衬底银电极由烧结的银浆制作在透明锡铟氧化物电极上,且具有六角形边缘,相邻衬底银电极交错排列于阴极面板上.用ZnO和SnO_2颗粒作为掺杂材料,在衬底银电极和单一碳纳米管层之间制作了底部混杂层;单一碳纳米管层中的碳纳米管主要被用于发射阴极电子.给出了六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极的制作工艺,并研究了六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极用于电子源的可行性.将氮气作为保护气体,采用烧结方法除掉制备浆料中的有机粘合剂及其它有机杂质.将六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极真空密封进三极场发射显示器中,能够形成稳定的电子发射电流.测试结果表明,与普通碳纳米管阴极相比,六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极具有更优的电子发射特性,其开启电场为1.83V/μm,最大电子发射电流为2 718.6μA;且其具有良好的电子发射曲线趋势,当电场强度从2.17V/μm增强到3.06V/μm时,电子发射电流的增幅约为1 410.3μA.对电子发射电流随时间的波动变化进行了测试,测试结果显示六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极具有可靠且稳定的电子发射电流.绿色发射图像表明六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极具有良好的电子发射均匀性及高的电子发射亮度.鉴于其简单的制作结构和制作工艺,六角密排多迭层碳纳米管阴极具有一定的实际应用性.     

基于丝网印刷技术的碳纳米管场发射冷阴极制作

制备了一种新型碳纳米管浆料,并总结了一套阴极制作工艺.实验表明,质量比约为10%的纯化碳纳米管、5%的纳米金属粉末和有机材料混合形成的印刷浆料,其阴极具有较好的发射均匀特性.在浆料制备过程中通过加入表面活性剂使碳纳米管分散更加均匀.用丝网印刷技术制作阴极,并用机械刀刻的办法制作阴、栅两极之间的沟槽,经烧结后分析阴极膜的电阻率和粘附性随阴极材料组分和制作工艺的变化关系,确定较为合适的升温曲线及丝网目数,阴极碳纳米管的均匀性、导电性的提高改善了发射均匀性.该阴极开启场为2.5 V/μm,在电场强度为3.3 V/μm下,阳极电流为5.6 μA,场发射电流稳定,波动小于5%.     

印刷制作的双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极的稳定电子发射

应用带保护气进行烧结的方法,制作了一种双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极.利用烧结的银浆形成条形银电极,在条形银电极表面制作了具有相同宽度且平行排列的ZnO掺杂底层和TiO2掺杂底层,在掺杂底层上面制备了碳纳米管膜层.由于保护气的防氧化屏蔽,碳纳米管膜层中的碳纳米管未受损害,ZnO粒子和TiO2粒子也在烧结过程中得到了很好地保护,双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极获得更优的电子发射特性,且电子发射稳定性也得到有效增强.与普通条形银电极碳纳米管阴极相比,双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极能够将开启电场从2.09V/μm降低到1.91V/μm,将最大电子发射电流从1 653.5μA提高到2 672.9μA.在2.69V/μm电场作用下,普通条形银电极碳纳米管阴极的电子发射电流仅为421.1μA,而双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极的电子发射电流能够达到723.5μA.从发射电流稳定性实验曲线可以看出,双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极实现了稳定的电子发射,表明ZnO掺杂底层和TiO2掺杂底层能够应用于真空环境.利用数码相机获得了具有良好质量的发射图像,验证了双半导体底层碳纳米管薄膜阴极制作的可行性和适用性.     

单壁碳纳米管在场发射显示器中的应用研究

采用丝网印刷法将利用电弧放电法制备的单壁碳纳米管印刷在玻璃板上作为场发射显示器阴极材料，利用荧光粉阳极测试了其发光亮度，并研究其场发射性能.实验结果表明，单壁碳纳米管作为场发射显示器阴极材料具有较低的开启电场和较大的场发射电流密度，显示出良好的场发射特性.     

大电流碳纳米管场发射阴极研究

报道了在较大发射面积上获得较大场发射电流的碳纳米管场发射阴极。为了加强场发射电流,在丝网印刷浆料中增加一种金属纳米颗粒,金属颗粒增强了碳纳米管发射体和衬底的接触,提高碳纳米管和衬底的粘附作用。利用改进后的丝网印刷方法制备了大电流碳纳米管场发射阴极,测得最大发射电流为68.0 mA,阴极有效发射面积约1.1 mm2,发射电流密度约6.2 A/cm2;并成功将改进方法制备的大电流场发射碳纳米管阴极应用于场发射真空器件原型。实验证明这种具有较大发射电流和较大发射电流密度的场发射能够满足部分大功率电子器件的需求。收稿日期:; 修订日期:     

基于碳纳米管场发射三电极显示器的设计和实验

提出了一种基于碳纳米管场发射三电极大面积全彩色平板显示器模型,其特点是栅极和阴极在同一个平面上,驱动电压低,而电子传输比可以高达29.3%(达到阳极的电子与从阴极碳管上发射出来的电子之比),实验结果和理论模拟的结果符合得很好.阴极和栅极之间的沟槽可以用激光打标机刻蚀形成,用做阴极发射体的碳纳米管浆料用水浴法形成,显示器制作工艺简单.     

基于铟锡氧化物/Ti复合电极的高亮度碳纳米管场致发射冷阴极

通过制作亲碳性铟锡氧化物(ITO)/Ti复合电极,改善移植型碳纳米管(CNT)冷阴极的导电电极与CNT膜层之间附着性能,从而消除CNT与电极间的界面势垒和非欧姆接触对CNT阴极场发射均匀性和稳定性的影响.采用磁控溅射技术和丝网印刷工艺制作了ITO/Ti基CNT阴极.用X射线衍射仪和场致发射扫描电子显微镜表征CNT阴极结构,结果显示热处理后的ITO/Ti基CNT阴极中可能有TiC相生成,从而使得导电电极与CNT形成有中间物的强作用体系.该体系降低甚至消除电极与CNT之间的界面势垒,增加了CNT与电极间形成欧姆接触的概率.用四探针技术分析电阻率,结果表明ITO/Ti复合电极具有电阻并联效果,CNT阴极导电性能提高.场致发射特性测试表明ITO/Ti基CNT阴极的场致发射电流达到384μA/cm2,较普通ITO基CNT阴极的场致发射电流有显著提高,能够激发测试阳极发出均匀、稳定的高亮度荧光.制作ITO/Ti复合电极是实现场致发射稳定、均匀的低功耗CNT阴极的有效途径.     

碳纳米管阴极的强流脉冲发射性能研究

采用丝网印刷和涂敷方法制备了两种碳纳米管阴极，并研究了两种阴极的强流脉冲发射特性，表征了阴极表面碳纳米管的形貌及分布.研究结果表明在脉冲宽度为100 ns、电压为1.64×10⁶ V的脉冲电场下，涂敷法制备阴极的场发射电流最高达5.11 kA，最高发射电流密度达260 A/cm².丝网印刷法制备阴极的场发射稳定性优于涂敷法制备阴极，但其发射电流低.阴极表面发射体的形貌与分布影响了阴极的脉冲发射性能.碳纳米管阴极的脉冲发射机理为爆炸电子发射.碳纳米管阴极可以作为强 关键词： 碳纳米管 阴极 脉冲发射 强电流     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.