多普勒展宽和多普勒频移在光谱分析中的应用

分析了多普勒展宽和多普勒频移区别，讨论了高斯拟合和弦积分线形分布的差异。利用多道光学分析仪（OSMA）测量HT-6M托卡马克限制器前Hα线形分布，通过高斯拟合由多普勒展宽和多普勒频移分别得出等离子温度和粒子入射速度。     

正电子湮没参量及其所反映物质信息的探讨

本根据正电子在凝聚态物质中的湮没机制及捕获模型,讨论了正电子湮没参量——正电子寿命谱和多普勒线形等参量所反映的物质信息,给出了各正电子湮没参量与所反映的物质信息之间的定量关系。分析了在该体系中正电子寿命参量与局域电子密度、多普勒线形参量和角关联参量与电子动量密度分布和费米面之关联。     

光谱法研究氢等离子体循环机制

利用多道光学分析仪测量Hα线形分布,从线形的分布推出再循环的氢原子主要来源于离子中性化后的反射和氢分子的离解。通过双高斯拟合H_α线形分布,由多普勒频移得出了氢原子的入射速度。从氢原子能量分布上的特征峰得出氢分子的离解方式主要是电离和直接离解。     

多普勒和多普勒效应的起源

介绍了奥地利物理学家多普勒的生平，回顾了多普勒对波源和观测者之间有相对运动时接收到的波频率改变的效应即多普勒效应的最初论述，以及人们早期对多普勒效应在声学、天文学及光学领域的实验验证情况．论述了多普勒效应的历史作用和纪念多普勒的现实意义．     

超声多普勒法的血流检测

介绍了直发声多普勒法的应用原理，用多普勒法测定血液的关键是检测其速度大小和方向，通过多普勒频移信号的频谱分析，从而求得其振幅谱、功率谱、相位谱以及得到血流速度的分布。     

光学相干层析多普勒成像功能拓展研究

光学多普勒成像(Optical Doppler tomography,ODT)是一种结合了光学相干层析成像技术(Opticalcoherence tomography,OCT)和多普勒流速仪的非侵入、非接触的成像技术,能够实现对高散介质组织内部的血管分布和血液流速的探测。阐述了基于数字希尔伯特变换的相位分离多普勒光学相干层析成像技术的工作原理,并且通过对玻璃毛细管和生物芯片微通道管中聚苯乙烯溶液流速的实验测量,准确测量管内微粒缓慢移动时的多普勒频移量,获得了玻璃管内和生物芯片微通道管中流速分布曲线,证实了所提方法的可行性。获取的多普勒图像具有较高的空间分辨力和速度分辨力,在未来的临床应用中有潜在的应用价值。     

多普勒频移环境中水声通信伪随机码快速捕获方法

伪随机码应用于水声通信时，需解决接收信号在多普勒频移情况下的快速捕获问题。本文在全数字通讯系统的框架内，提出了基带信号相关检测的数字下移频算法，显著减小了计算量，并针对数字处理的灵活性，提出了多普勒频移的概率搜索策略，根据多普勒频移的分布概率来对其进行搜索，进一步减小多普勒频移搜索的计算量。     

多普勒效应与多普勒雷达

1 引言 多普勒效应是指当波源和接收器之间有相对运动时,所接收到的频率不等于波源振动频率的现象.这一现象是1842年由奥地利物理学家多普勒(Christian Doppler)首先在声学上发现的.1930年左右开始将这一规律运用到电磁波范围,1950年左右研制出了第一代多普勒雷达.下面简要介绍多普勒效应及其在雷达中的应用.     

光谱线型函数的四种形式及其变换关系

从理论上研究了光谱线型函数的四种形式及其关系,以多普勒展宽导致的线型函数为例,分析了光子数、能量按频率及波长分布函数的最大值和半高全宽。结果表明,光子数、能量按频率的分布函数近似相等,光子数、能量按波长的分布函数也近似相等。通过对多普勒线型函数的分析,建立了根据两条光谱线的线型函数的最大值比值求得光子数比值的方法。     

原子廓线激光多普勒测速仪

论述了用原子滤波器的透射率廓线测量激光多普勒频移的直接检测方法和理论，报道了基于这个方法的一个原理性实验。实验采用二极管泵浦的连续倍频Ｎｄ；ＹＡＧ激光器作为发射器，和一个温控的透射率翼宽为３８０ＭＨＺ的碘滤波器作为多普勒频移检测器件进行了转透速度的测量。     

光谱法研究等离子体粒子循环和输运

介绍了三高斯拟合技术,首先用单高斯选点拟合了Hα线形分布的远翼,由谱线的多谱勒展宽得出等离子体离子温度为170 eV,再对剩余量进行双高斯拟合,从多谱勒频移求出反射和解吸粒子入射速度分别为3.0×104 m/s和1×104 m/s,从谱线辐射强度推出再循环粒子由60%反射粒子和40%解吸粒子组成。在简化模型下讨论了粒子的输运行为,算出了氢原子密度、体发射系数和粒子约束时间的分布,均与实验结果相符。分析了粒子入射速度大小对粒子约束时间的影响,结果表明,正常放电下,HT 6M托卡马克粒子约束时间在4~8 ms;反射粒子的速度大小直接决定粒子约束时间的大小和空间分布。     

Hα线型分析

利用高斯分布拟合HT-6M托卡马克Hα线型，得出了由反射进入等离子体中的氢原子、氢分子离解后产生的氢原子，以及电荷交换产生的氢原子辐射Ｈα谱线的份额，由Doppler频移和展宽分别得出它们的入射速度和离子温度．在简化模型下讨论了氢原子的输运行为，得出了氢原子的密度分布和体发射系数，以及入射速度大小对粒子约束时间的影响，并与实验数据进行比较．由中性氢原子能量分布得出发生在边界的分子过程是氢分子的离解激发和电离离解 关键词：     

Simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and Doppler angle by the use of Doppler optical coherence tomography

Monitoring blood flow velocity could have great value for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. One of current restrictions to determine flow velocity by the use of Doppler optical coherence tomography (Doppler OCT) is that the Doppler angle should be predefined. However, from a practical point of view, it is not easy to predetermine Doppler angle for a flow beneath the tissue surface. In this work, a novel method for measuring both flow velocity and Doppler angle simultaneously by the use of Doppler OCT is proposed and demonstrated. Based on Doppler spectrum analysis, this technique measures both longitudinal and transverse components of flow velocity by detecting its Doppler shift and Doppler bandwidth to determine velocity and Doppler angle simultaneously. Such a technique extends flow velocity measurement into a broadening practical use of Doppler OCT where Doppler angle would not need to be predefined, for example, blood flow beneath the tissue surface. Therefore, with this technique, Doppler OCT could be applied to more practical diagnoses of microcirculation.     

Theory of the pressure broadening and shift of spectral lines

The broadening and shift of spectral lines caused by the interaction of the emitting (or absorbing) atoms with surrounding particles in the plasma are commonly observed in laboratory and astronomical spectra. A detailed analysis of the observed line shapes can give information about the density and temperature of the plasma, and in cases where the interaction between emitter and perturber is not known, some information on its form may be deduced.     

Doppler power spectrum from a Gaussian sample volume

A closed-form expression for the Doppler power spectrum due solely to the range of blood velocities passing through a Gaussian sample volume placed anywhere in a vessel under conditions of axisymmetric flow, uniform backscatter and negligible intrinsic spectral broadening has been derived. The formulation presented here allows the independent specification of the sample volume position and width, in the three dimensions, and enables simple estimations of spectral shape for pulsed wave Doppler systems. Simpler expressions were derived for the cases of symmetric sample volume projections onto the vessel cross-section and/or sample volumes centred in the vessel. Closed form expressions were derived for mean frequency and spectral width in the case of a symmetric sample volume projection centred in the vessel. The effects of sample volume size and position on the Doppler spectral width and mean frequency are shown for a range of velocity profiles.     

Spectral power density calculations for pulsed Doppler

Range-gated pulsed Doppler can be used to make localized velocity measurements within a blood vessel. A spectral flow profile can be created by stepping a sufficiently small sample volume across the lumen, but no set of spectra will correspond directly to the true velocity profile. Spectral flow profiles are affected by a complex interplay between different sources of spectral broadening. In this study we developed a systematic theoretical method which allows spectral power density functions to be calculated under a very wide range of conditions, and used it to obtain simulated flow spectra. The model was formulated analytically. It is based on the weighted-volume approach and incorporates, through the concept of a spread function, the intrinsic spectral broadening associated with a focused transducer. It can be applied for arbitrary values of the spread parameter; for non-uniform beam profiles; with maximal (continuous wave-type) or minimal (pulse wave-type) range-gated sample volumes; and for beams that intersect the flow tube axis, or are off centre. Results are presented for a Gaussian beam and parabolic flow. Simulated spectral flow profiles are given which illustrate how a profile's appearance can be altered by the different sources of spectral broadening.     

基于多普勒非对称空间外差光谱技术的多普勒测速仿真

阐述了多普勒非对称空间外差光谱仪用于被动式多普勒测速的基本原理,通过综合考虑干涉条纹对比度和仪器测速灵敏度等关键因素,建立了效率函数,分别针对高斯线型和洛伦兹线型发射谱线,从理论上推导了最优单臂偏置量的选择依据,并以高斯线型目标谱线为例进行了仿真验证.同时,提出了一种基于部分干涉条纹反演多普勒速度的数据处理方法,简化了多谱线目标源的数据处理过程.结合自适应频率跟踪算法对单谱线目标源和多谱线目标源进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明,在不考虑噪声的情况下,该方法针对多谱线目标源的多普勒测速最大绝对误差在0.004 m/s以内,与针对单谱线目标源的处理精度相当,可以满足实际应用的精度要求.