Limit Theorems for Critical Galton–Watson Processes with Immigration Stopped at Zero

In this paper, we consider a critical Galton–Watson branching process with immigration stopped at zero W. Some precise estimation on the probability generating function of the n-th population are obtained, and the tail probability of the life period of W is studied. Based on above results,two conditional limit theorems for W are established.     

不用克希霍夫—拉夫假设的弹性圆板理论再探

本文在不用克希霍夫一拉夫假设的弹性板一般理论的基础上,建立了不用克希霍夫一拉夫假设的弹性圆板的一级近似理论,对圆板在四周固定和均布载荷的条件下,得到了具体的轴对称分析解,并和经典的圆薄板解进行了比较,证明本文新解更加接近实验结果,本文也具体地讨论了理论结果中厚度增大时的影响。     

正负极性棒-板间隙放电流注特性的研究

论文依据棒-板放电间隙粒子输运方程与电场泊松方程基本原理,研究正负极性棒-板间隙电子密度分布情况,分析正负极性棒-板间隙放电的异同,建立在棒-板间隙引入空气密度和湿度等介质的计算机仿真模型与实验模型.利用comsol软件仿真了棒-板间隙放电过程验证了实验结果,并得出了随着空气密度降低湿度增加的情况下棒-板间隙放电起晕电压随之降低的结论.     

矩形板屈曲和后屈曲弹塑性分析

本文以摄动法给出了矩形板屈曲和后屈曲全过程的弹塑性分析. 本文同时讨论了初始几何缺陷对矩形板后屈曲性态的影响.计算结果表明,矩形板非弹性屈曲对初始缺陷是敏感的.计算结果与实验结果的比较表明二者相当一致.     

水波中弹性浮板的减振问题研究

基于线性水波理论和Mindlin厚板动力学理论,采用Wiener-Hopf方法,分析研究了水面上弹性浮板对水波的动响应及其减振问题．首先,在不考虑弹性联接情况下,将分析计算结果与前人的计算结果及实验数据进行了对比,验证了该方法的有效性．其次,基于该方法分析了连接浮板与水底的弹簧刚度与浮板振动响应各参数之间的关系,从而为超大型浮台系统的设计提供理论依据．     

不用克希霍克—拉夫假设的弹性圆板理论再探

本文在不用克希霍夫－拉夫假设的弹性板一般理论的基础上，建立了不用克希霍夫－拉夫假设的弹性圆板的一级近似理论，对圆板的四周固定和均布载荷的条件下，得到了具体的轴对称分析解，并和红典的圆薄板解进行了比较，证明本文新解更加接近实验结果，本文也具体地讨论了理论结果中厚度增大时的影响。     

在复合载荷作用下波纹环形板的非线性弯曲

依据正交各向异性圆板的非线性弯曲理论,研究了在均布压力和中心集中载荷共同作用下,具有硬中心的波纹环形板的非线性弯曲问题。应用修正迭代法,获得了具有夹紧固定和滑动固定两种外边界的波纹环形板的解析解。最后,作为一个特例,考虑了在硬中心和板的表面上都有均布压力作用的具有夹紧固定外边界的锯齿形波纹环形板,并与的理论和实验结果进行了比较。比较表明,本文公式具有较高的精确度。     

陶瓷/金属复合靶板受可变形弹体撞击的理论分析模型

针对弹体撞击陶瓷/金属复合靶板的问题,将弹体的变形、陶瓷面板的碎裂和金属背板的变形结合起来,建立了新的可变形弹体垂直撞击陶瓷/金属靶板的理论分析模型．模型中计入了弹体刚性区长度和运动速度、塑性变形区长度、横截面积和运动速度的变化以及弹体对靶板的侵入速度和深度;对陶瓷面板考虑了陶瓷锥体积和抗压强度的变化;对金属背板的变形,根据其塑性变形功、外力功及其动能守恒原理,得到金属背板的运动方程．最后对具体算例进行了分析,得到了各物理量随时间的变化,给出了一些有价值的规律．结果表明,模型能较好地描述撞击过程中的有关规律;与实验结果和数值模拟结果进行对比,吻合较好,说明了模型的有效性．     

边界条件对板壳稳定性的影响

本文论述了边界条件对板壳稳定性影响的理论和实际意义;介绍了近年来我们在理论和实验两方面的研究结果;指出了本研究对工程的指导作用,并将研究划分为两个阶段。     

纤维增强复合材料靶板抗钢球贯穿的工程分析方法研究

介绍了钢球贯穿纤维增强复合材料靶板的一维工程近似分析方法.钢球被假定为刚体,复合材料靶被近似为横观各向同性弹埋性材料.通过将球腔膨胀模型和柱腔贯穿相结合的方法,提出了一种改进的复合材料靶抗贯穿的工程近似分析方法.利用该方法,对三维芳纶纤维编织(3DKw)复合材料靶板开展了抗钢球贯穿的工程近似分析,计算结果与实验结果一致性较好;并进一步讨论了计算中材料主要参数对靶板抗贯穿规律的影响.     

A pathwise approach to the extinction of branching processes with countably many types

We consider the extinction events of Galton–Watson processes with countably infinitely many types. In particular, we construct truncated and augmented Galton–Watson processes with finite but increasing sets of types. A pathwise approach is then used to show that, under some sufficient conditions, the corresponding sequence of extinction probability vectors converges to the global extinction probability vector of the Galton–Watson process with countably infinitely many types. Besides giving rise to a family of new iterative methods for computing the global extinction probability vector, our approach paves the way to new global extinction criteria for branching processes with countably infinitely many types.     

Local Convergence of Large Critical Multi-type Galton–Watson Trees and Applications to Random Maps

We show that large critical multi-type Galton–Watson trees, when conditioned to be large, converge locally in distribution to an infinite tree which is analogous to Kesten’s infinite monotype Galton–Watson tree. This is proven when we condition on the number of vertices of one fixed type, and with an extra technical assumption if we count at least two types. We then apply these results to study local limits of random planar maps, showing that large critical Boltzmann-distributed random maps converge in distribution to an infinite map.     

Approximation of SDEs by Population-Size-Dependent Galton–Watson Processes

A certain class of stochastic differential equations, containing the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model and the geometric Brownian motion, is considered. The corresponding solutions are approximated weakly by discrete-time population-size-dependent Galton–Watson processes with immigration. The long-time behavior of the limiting processes is also investigated.     

Biased random walk on critical Galton–Watson trees conditioned to survive

We consider the biased random walk on a critical Galton–Watson tree conditioned to survive, and confirm that this model with trapping belongs to the same universality class as certain one-dimensional trapping models with slowly-varying tails. Indeed, in each of these two settings, we establish closely-related functional limit theorems involving an extremal process and also demonstrate extremal aging occurs.     

Conditioning Galton–Watson Trees on Large Maximal Outdegree

We propose a new way to condition random trees, that is, conditioning random trees to have large maximal outdegree. Under this conditioning, we show that conditioned critical Galton–Watson trees converge locally to size-biased trees with a unique infinite spine. For the subcritical case, we obtain the local convergence to size-biased trees with a unique infinite node. We also study the tail of the maximal outdegree of subcritical Galton–Watson trees, which is essential for the proof of the local convergence.     

光子结构猜想的仿真验证

从龚祖同院士的类氢光子结构模型和北大学者的电磁场粒子模型出发,提出了等效作用和动态光子层的概念,并在此基础上,利用蒙特卡罗法和伽尔顿板法,对光的干涉、衍射现象进行了定量分析和仿真实验,验证了光子结构猜想的正确性.     

Mistakes concerning a chance encounter between Francis Galton and John Venn

A chance encounter at Bournemouth between Francis Galton and John Venn has lain in some obscurity because of a slip by Galton himself and a second mistake by Karl Pearson. The contact with Venn provides insight into the development of Galton's perception of statistical dispersion, his disenchantment with the notion of ‘probable error’ and adoption of population variability.     

Limiting mixture distributions for AR(1) model indexed by a branching process

First order autoregressive model indexed by a supercritical Galton–Watson branching process is discussed. Limiting distributions of the least squares estimates are derived both for the stationary and explosive cases. It is shown that a certain random variable inherent in the branching process is acting as a mixing variable in limiting mixture distributions. In particular, with explosive Gaussian case, we obtain a mixture of Cauchy distributions rather than Cauchy.     

Expectation transfer between branching processes and random trees

An approach for translating results on expected parameter values from subcritical Galton–Watson branching processes to simply generated random trees under the uniform model is outlined. As an auxiliary technique for asymptotic evaluations, we use Flajolet's and Odlyzko's transfer theorems. Some classical results on random trees are re-derived by the mentioned approach, and some new results are presented. For example, the asymptotic behavior of linearly recursive tree parameters is described and the asymptotic probability of level k to contain exactly one node is determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.