反胶束固定化醇脱氢酶的制备及应用研究

研究十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-辛烷-己醇反胶束体系固定化醇脱氢酶(ADH)的制备及应用。考察了含水量、CTAB和己醇用量对于ADH固定化的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶的催化动力学性质研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH值分别为8.2和8.8,最适温度分别为31℃和20℃,米氏常数分别为12mmol/L和7mmol/L。30℃时,游离酶存放150min后失活90%,固定化酶失活50%,表明反胶束固定化ADH有较好的热稳定性。应用此体系测定了试样中乙醇的含量。     

醇脱氢酶在反胶束溶液中的酶学性质研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CATB)-辛烷-戊醇反胶束体系对醇脱氢酶(ADH)进行固定化,考察了pH、含水量、表面活性剂和助溶剂浓度对ADH固定化的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶的催化动力学性质研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH值均为9.0,最适温度分别是28℃和20℃,对乙醇的米氏常数分别为8.8mmol/L和5.5mmol/L。25℃时,游离酶存放120min约失活90%,而固定化酶仅失活30%,表明反胶束固定化ADH具有较好的热稳定性。     

反胶束固定化乳酸脱氢酶的催化动力学性质研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CATB)-辛烷-己醇反胶束体系对乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)进行固定化,试验了含水量、CTAB和己醇浓度对LDH固定化的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶的催化动力学性质研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH值分别为9.2和9.5,最适温度分别是37℃和43℃,对乳酸的米氏常数Km分别为1.4 mmol/L和2.3mmol/L。30℃时,游离酶存放2 h,约失活50%,而固定化酶仅失活10%,表明反胶束固定化LDH具有较好的热稳定性。     

壳聚糖固定化醇脱氢酶的制备及其酶学性质研究

报道了醇脱氢酶(ADH)的固定化和酶学性质研究。以壳聚糖作为载体,戊二醛作为交联剂。固定化ADH的最适条件为:以6%戊二醛将壳聚糖交联2 h,与ADH反应2.5 h。对游离和固定化ADH酶学性质的研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH均为8.2,最适温度分别为37℃和40℃,对乙醇的表观米氏常数Km分别为33.9 mmol/L和46.2 mmol/L。与游离酶相比,固定化酶具有良好的操作稳定性。     

固定化酶法测定微量组分

以壳聚糖为载体对醇脱氢酶(ADH)和脲酶(UASE)进行固定化。固定化的最适条件:ADH和UASE的偶联时间分别为2.5h和1.5h,交联剂戊二醛浓度为0.6%和0.5%,偶联pH值为6.8和5.0。对游离酶及固定化酶的性质研究表明,ADH酶促反应的最适宜pH为8.0和8.4,最适宜温度为33℃和35℃,米氏常数为48mmol/L和13mmol/L;UASE酶促反应的最适宜pH均为7.0,最适宜温度为60℃和72℃,米氏常数为0.4mmol/L和2mmol/L。固定化酶与游离酶相比在复用性上具有优势,用固定化酶测定了试样中尿素含量以及模拟样中银离子含量。     

固定化脲酶的制备及应用

以壳聚糖作为载体,戊二醛作为交联剂对脲酶进行固定化。固定化的最适条件为:酶的偶联时间60min,戊二醛浓度0.5%,pH值7.0。对游离及固定化脲酶的酶学性质研究表明,酶促反应的最适pH均为7.0,最适温度分别为33℃和70℃。米氏常数分别为29.8mmol/L和13.9mmol/L。与游离酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性和贮存稳定性更佳。应用固定化酶测定了试样中的微量组分。     

壳聚糖固定化乳酸脱氢酶的制备及酶学性质研究

以磁性壳聚糖作为载体,戊二醛作为交联剂,对乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)进行固定化.固定化的最适条件为:戊二醛浓度6%,pH值7.5,酶的偶联时间2 h.对游离及固定化LDH酶学性质的研究表明,酶促反应的最适pH值为9.2,最适温度分别为37℃和50℃,对乳酸的表观米氏常数分别为1.6 mmol/L和0.9 mmol/L.游离酶和固定化酶在40℃放置150 min后,其活力分别为最初的56.5%和76.1%.固定化酶在4℃贮存4周后,活力仍保留50%以上.固定化酶在室温下与底物重复反应6次后,活力仍保留60%以上,说明固定化酶具有较好的热稳定性、贮存稳定性和复用性.     

两种反胶束固定化酶的催化性质研究

探讨十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CATC)-戊醇-辛烷反胶束体系固定化乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和醇脱氢酶(ADH)的催化作用。试验了含水量、表面活性剂以及助溶剂浓度对于酶固载量的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶催化性质研究表明:LDH酶促反应的适宜p H值分别为9.2和9.0,适宜温度为51℃和29℃,米氏常数15mmol·L-1和2mmol·L-1;ADH酶促反应的适宜p H值为8.8和8.2,适宜温度为33℃和39℃,米氏常数4mmol·L-1和17mmol·L-1。应用反胶束固定化酶测定了试样中微量组分。     

固定化醇脱氢酶的制备及性质

以壳聚糖为载体,通过交联结合使醇脱氢酶(ADH)得以固定化。固定化的最适条件为:交联剂戊二醛浓度0.6%,pH值6.8,酶的偶联时间2.5h。对游离酶和固定化酶的动力学性质研究表明,酶促反应的最适pH分别为8.2和8.4,最适温度为34℃和35℃。酶的米氏常数为13mmol·L-1和48mmol·L-1。与游离酶相比,固定化酶在复用性上具有优势。应用固定化酶测定了试样中铬含量。     

壳聚糖-精氨酸树脂固定化胰凝乳蛋白酶及其性质

以具柔性亲水手臂的壳聚糖-精氨酸树脂为载体,用戊二醛交联胰凝乳蛋白酶,获得壳聚糖-精氨酸树脂固定化胰凝乳蛋白酶. 最佳固定化条件为:m(酶)∶ m(载体)=20∶ 1 000、戊二醛体积分数为1.0%、pH=5.20、30 ℃交联60 min. 固定化酶活力达850 U/g,Km为1.83 mmol/L,比游离酶增大33.6%,比交联壳聚糖固定化酶低24.0%. 壳聚糖-精氨酸树脂固定化胰凝乳蛋白酶水解时间进程曲线与游离酶基本一致,均在反应30 min达到最大速率,最适温度为70 ℃,比游离酶升高10 ℃;在75 ℃时的半衰期可达6.0 h,比游离酶提高约4.3倍;最适pH值为5.92,比游离酶向酸性偏移2pH单位. 4 ℃贮存半衰期为49 d.     

CTAB-己醇-辛烷体系分离纯化醇脱氢酶的反萃研究

本文报道了用反胶束体系萃取醇脱氢酶(ADH)的研究结果。在此萃取体系中,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,辛烷和己醇作为溶剂和助溶剂。考察了表面活性剂及助溶剂浓度,水相pH值对ADH萃取的影响。详细讨论了离子强度、异丙醇浓度和振荡时间对ADH反萃的影响。确定了最佳反向萃取条件。     

中空纤维膜固定化甲酸脱氢酶催化CO_2合成甲酸

以紫外光表面接枝改性的聚乙烯(PE)中空纤维膜为载体,采用共价结合的方式固定化甲酸脱氢酶(FDH),考察了CO2通入方式、溶液pH值、缓冲液种类和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的浓度对酶催化CO2合成甲酸反应的影响.结果表明,与加压法相比,CO2鼓泡法更有利于甲酸的生成;磷酸盐缓冲液优于Tris-HCl和盐酸三乙醇胺缓冲液;体系pH值对反应的影响较大,固定化FDH的最佳pH值仍为6.0,但pH耐受性增强;随着辅酶NADH浓度的增加,反应初速度加快,收率下降;游离酶和固定化酶的最大酶活分别为0.246和0.138mmol/(L.h);固定化FDH在4℃贮存两周后活性仅下降4%,而游离酶活性下降50%.FDH催化膜重复利用10次后,活性没有明显降低.     

京尼平交联磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及其脂肪酶的固定化

采用反相悬浮法与溶胶凝胶法结合制备磁性壳聚糖微球,并以此为载体,京尼平为交联剂,脂肪酶为模型酶进行固定化,研究了酶固定化的最优条件和固定化酶的性质。结果表明,在京尼平浓度为0.6 g/L、交联温度为55 ℃、交联时间8 h,固定化酶的比活力最大,为4.31 U/g。固定化酶在25~35 ℃,pH值在8.0有最大活性,其米氏常数Km为0.26 mol/L。同时,固定化酶具有良好的热稳定性及pH稳定性,可重复利用,且能进行磁分离。     

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Permeabilized Brewer's Yeast Cells Immobilized on the Derived Attapulgite Nanofibers

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from permeabilized brewer's yeast was immobilized on derived attapulgite nanofibers via glutaraldehyde covalent binding. The effect of immobilization on ADH activity, optimum temperature and pH, thermal, pH and operational stability, reusability of immobilized ADH, and bioreduction of ethyl 3-oxobutyrate (EOB) to ethyl(S)-3-hydroxybutyrate ((S)-EHB) by the immobilized ADH were investigated. The results show the immobilized ADH retained higher activity over wider ranges of pH and temperature than those of the free. The optimum temperature and pH were 7.5 and 35 °C, respectively, and 58% of the original activity was retented after incubation at 35 °C for 32 h. More importantly, in bioreduction of EOB mediated by immobilized ADH, the conversion of substrate and enantiomeric excess (ee) of product reached 88% and 99.2%, respectively, within 2 h and retained about 42% of the initial activity after eight cycles.     

Highly Efficient Method Towards In Situ Immobilization of Invertase Using Cryogelation

A novel method was developed for the immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase within supermacroporous polyacrylamide cryogel and was used to produce invert sugar. First, the cross-linking of invertase with soluble polyglutaraldehyde (PGA) was carried out prior to immobilization in order to increase the bulkiness of invertase and thus preventing the leakage of the cross-linked enzyme after immobilization by entrapment. And then, in situ immobilization of PGA cross-linked invertase within cryogel synthesis was achieved by free radical polymerization in semi-frozen state. The method resulted in 100 % immobilization and 74 % activity yields. The immobilized invertase retained all the initial activity for 30 days and 30 batch reactions. Immobilization had no effect on optimum temperature and it was 60 °C for both free and immobilized enzyme. However, optimum pH was affected upon immobilization. Optimum pH values for free and immobilized enzyme were 4.5 and 5.0, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was more stable than the free enzyme at high pH and temperatures. The kinetic parameters for free and immobilized invertase were also determined. The newly developed method is simple yet effective and could be used for the immobilization of some other enzymes and microorganisms.     

Acrylamide grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers activated by glutaraldehyde as support for urease

Urease was covalently immobilized on acrylamide-grafted poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers after glutaraldehyde activation. Ureasecontaining fibers showed a very high operational stability and reusability, with about 85% of the initial activity after 90 d. The thermostability of the bound urease was positively influenced, and a slight change in optimum temperature was observed after immobilization, when compared with the free enzyme. The pH optimum of both types of urease was found to be the same, but immobilized urease showed an increased stability in a broader range of pH. The kinetic studies exhibited a slightly higherK _m value for the bound enzyme, with a value of 4.50 mmol dm^-3, when compared with the free enzyme (2.82 mmol dm^-3), which demonstrated that the immobilization procedure did not cause an unfavorable conformation for the substrate-product formation and a hindered diffusion. The graft yield was also found effective on maximum activity of immobilized urease. Twenty-five percent of the acrylamide-grafted fibers exhibited the highest enzymatic activity together with the highest water uptake. Higher graft yields were not suitable for the immobilization of the enzyme molecules as a result of crosslinks formed between the poly(acrylamide) chains and glutaraldehyde.     

介孔SiO2/Fe3O4中空磁性微球的漆酶固定化

以介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球作为载体,采用物理吸附法对漆酶进行固定化,考察了时间、温度和pH值对漆酶固定化效果的影响,并对固定漆酶的活性及稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球吸附漆酶分子后,介孔材料的比表面积与孔体积均减小.在3 h时复合微球对漆酶的吸附达到平衡,复合微球中介孔SiO2对漆酶的有效固定量为689 mg/g,大大高于纯介孔材料MCM-41的漆酶固定量(319 mg/g).在pH=3～6的条件下,复合微球中固定漆酶仍保持70%以上的相对酶活.当温度不高于60℃时,固定漆酶的相对酶活仍保持65%以上.固定漆酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性都明显优于游离漆酶,固定漆酶的米氏常数为1.05 mmol/L,与游离漆酶相比,固定漆酶与底物的亲和力有所降低.当2,4-二氯苯酚的浓度为10 mg/L时,固定漆酶对其去除率在6 h时达到81.6%,表现出很好的催化活性.     

磁性壳聚糖微球用于酶的固定化研究Ⅱ磁性壳聚糖微球对脲酶的吸附及其酶学性质的研究

本文用磁性壳聚糖作为载体用吸附法对脲酶进行固定化研究。结果表明,磁性壳聚糖对脲酶的固载量与磁性壳聚糖微球的粒径、交联度及酶溶液的离子强度成反比;固定化脲酶和自由酶的最适温度分别为80℃和70℃,固定化脲的最适合pH值变化不大,固定化脲酶和自由酶的米氏常数km分别为0.00546mol/L和0.19mol/L。     

基于聚乙烯醇/Fe2O3纳米颗粒的纤维素酶固定化

以聚乙烯醇/Fe2O3磁性纳米颗粒为纤维素酶固定化载体, 通过反复冻融的方法成功地实现了纤维素酶固定化. 采用透射电镜、红外光谱仪、振动样品磁强度计对固定化酶复合体进行了表征, 结果显示, 固定化酶复合体为大小约1 μm的微凝胶团, 内含10 nm左右的Fe2O3纳米颗粒. 研究影响固定化因素后发现, 当pH为6, 固定化时间为11 h, 纤维素酶/PVA质量比为4, PVA/Fe质量比为50时, 固定化纤维素酶效果最好. 通过该方法固定后酶活回收率达42%, 酶水解效率显著提高, 经过5次反应后的固定化酶相对酶活力保留50%以上. 因此, 基于聚乙烯醇/Fe2O3纳米颗粒的纤维素酶固定有利于酶的循环使用并显著提高酶的使用效率, 是一种有效固定化纤维素酶的新方法.