LPCVD法在制绒单晶硅片衬底上制备ZnO∶B透明导电薄膜及其性能的研究

采用低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)在制绒的单晶硅片衬底上制备了B掺杂ZnO(BZO)的透明导电薄膜,研究了B2H6掺杂量、沉积时间对BZO薄膜的微观形貌、导电性能及光学减反性能的影响.结果表明,在制绒单晶硅片衬底上制备的BZO薄膜均呈现“类金字塔”的绒面结构,其平均晶粒尺寸在200 ～ 500 nm之间,并随B2H6掺杂量增加而减小;BZO薄膜的方阻随沉积时间的增加而呈线性迅速减小的趋势,当沉积时间为420 s时,BZO薄膜的方块电阻低至28 Ω/□;在制绒单晶硅片上制备BZO薄膜后,表面平均反射率由15;明显降低至5;左右,表现出优异的光学减反性能.     

低表面浓度磷掺杂的高方阻P-N结发射极制备工艺

制备P-N结发射极的常规扩散工艺主要包括预淀积和高温推阱两个步骤。本文采用在高温推阱之后施加一步保温过程的工艺方案,在p型多晶硅片上制备了低表面浓度磷掺杂的高方阻发射极,研究了不同保温温度对P-N结发射极的方阻和磷原子掺杂分布的影响。结果表明,当完成高温推阱后,在650~750 ℃温度范围内施加保温工艺所得P-N结的方阻值反向升高,同时二次离子质谱(SIMS)测试结果表明,硅片表层区域的磷原子掺杂浓度相应降低。与常规扩散工艺相比,采用在700 ℃下保温15 min时所得P-N结的方阻升高约3.2 Ω/□,所得相应太阳能电池光电转换效率E_ff达到18.69%,比产线工艺提高约0.23%。     

氮化硅掩膜法制备选择性发射极晶体硅太阳电池

本文采用等离子增强化学气相沉积的方法在硅片表面镀一层约80 nm厚的氮化硅掩膜,然后使用传统的丝网印刷工艺将含有一定量磷酸的腐蚀浆料印刷在氮化硅掩膜表面,腐蚀出电极图形,经过三氯氧磷液态源扩散完成重扩,去除氮化硅掩膜后进行浅扩最终实现选择性发射极.丝网印刷腐蚀浆料开窗相对于激光熔融、等离子刻蚀和光刻等方法,具有高的产量、设备投资和运营成本低等优势,容易在现有生产线上实现.最后对比了选择性发射极晶体硅太阳电池和常规太阳电池的电性能和光谱响应,制备的选择性发射极晶体硅太阳电池的短波响应优于常规晶体硅太阳电池,效率提高了0.3;.     

磷扩散法制备高掺磷p型ZnO薄膜的磁控溅射工艺的探索

在前期通过n+-Si衬底中的磷向沉积于其上面的ZnO薄膜的扩散制备高掺磷p型ZnO薄膜的研究基础上,探索了较有普遍应用意义的扩散法制备p型ZnO薄膜的磁控溅射工艺.结果表明,当磁控溅射的氧氩质量流量比与衬底温度满足特定的低阶指数函数的匹配关系时,所制备的ZnO薄膜为p型,而且薄膜中磷原子的深度分布是均匀的;另外,这种薄膜的厚度随着氧氩流量比的增加而减小,而薄膜中氧锌原子浓度比都大于1,比值大小与氧氩质量流量比和衬底温度有关.     

基于温和等离子体CVD的非晶硅薄膜的制备与钝化研究

采用容性放电模式(E-mode)的电感耦合等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ICPCVD),以硅烷( SiH4)和氢气(H2)作为气源,通过改变沉积气压来制备氢化非晶硅薄膜(a-Si:H).采用少子寿命测试仪(Sinton WCT-120)研究薄膜在n型单晶硅片表面的钝化效果.并通过傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进一步表征薄膜的氢含量、微结构因子和表面形貌.结果表明,气压偏低或者偏高都会影响薄膜质量,生成多孔隙的薄膜,从而影响薄膜的钝化性能.最优沉积气压为65 Pa,并进一步优化少子寿命到445 μs,复合速度减小到48 cm/s,隐开路电压接近700 mV.     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备硅酸锆薄膜及抗碱腐蚀性能

以正丙醇锆和正硅酸乙酯分别为锆源和硅源,结合非水解溶胶-凝胶法和提拉镀膜工艺制备出硅酸锆(ZrSiO4)薄膜.采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、AFM等分析测试手段研究了前驱体浓度、提拉速度对ZrSiO4合成、ZrSiO4薄膜形貌及显微结构的影响,并研究薄膜的抗碱液腐蚀性能.结果表明:当前驱体浓度为0.1 mol/L、提拉速度为1 mm/s时可以在单晶硅片获得表面光滑、平整致密、无开裂的ZrSiO4薄膜.镀有ZrSiO4薄膜的单晶硅片在浓度为40;NaOH溶液中40℃条件下浸泡42 h,表面只发现有较小的坑蚀,且质量随腐蚀时间延长变化很小,质量损失仅为0.17;,表明该ZrSiO4薄膜具有较好的抗碱液腐蚀性能.     

籽晶辅助化学水浴沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列

采用籽晶辅助化学水浴沉积法,即先用磁控溅射法在硅片上制备c轴取向的ZnO薄膜,以此作为籽晶层,利用化学水浴沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD),研究了ZnO薄膜籽晶层的沉积温度、水浴温度和前驱体溶液中Zn源的初始浓度等对ZnO纳米棒阵列生长的影响,由此得到了结晶性好且几乎垂直于衬底方向的ZnO纳米棒阵列的生长条件,为制备基于ZnO纳米棒阵列的器件提供了条件.     

绝缘体上全局应变硅晶圆的制备和表征

首先使用改良型Ge浓缩法制备了绝缘体上锗硅圆片,然后在超薄弛豫SiGe层上,利用超高真空化学气相沉积法外延了单晶硅薄膜,获得一系列不同厚度的6寸绝缘体上应变硅晶圆.结果表明应变硅薄膜完整、均匀、表面平整且晶体质量良好,获得样品中顶层硅最大应力值达2.22 GPa.应用临界厚度理论对样品厚度和应变值之间的关系进行了分析,发现本实验所得样品在超过临界厚度3倍之后会发生应变弛豫.     

P型非晶硅薄膜制备及其在HIT太阳电池中应用

采用RF-PECVD沉积技术制备P型非晶硅薄膜材料,研究硼烷浓度和加热温度对薄膜性能的影响.通过对两者优化,制备出了宽光学带隙、高电导率和致密性较好的P型非晶硅材料.作为窗口层应用到HIT太阳电池中,对其厚度进行优化,在N型单晶硅衬底上制备出了效率为14.28;的HIT太阳电池.     

衬底温度对氢化非晶硅薄膜特性的影响

采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)系统,以乙硅烷和氢气为气源,石英玻璃和单晶硅片为衬底制备了氢化非晶硅(a-Si∶ H)薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、台阶仪、紫外可见分光光度计、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和电子能谱仪等分别表征了a-Si∶H薄膜的表面形貌、结晶特性、沉积速率,光学带隙,键合结构和Si化合态等特性.结果表明:随着衬底温度的增加,a-Si∶H薄膜表面的颗粒尺寸减小,均匀性增加,沉积速率则逐渐降低;衬底温度从80℃增加到130℃时,光学带隙显著增加,而在130℃至230℃范围内,光学带隙基本不随衬底温度变化;以SiH键对应的伸缩振动的相对峰强度逐渐增加,而以SiH2或(SiH2)n键对应的伸缩振动的相对强度逐渐减小;a-Si∶H薄膜中Si0+态的相对含量增加.因此,衬底温度大于130℃有利于制备优质a-Si∶H薄膜,230℃是沉积a-Si∶H薄膜的最佳衬底温度.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.