两相和三相反电势控制的永磁无刷电机

反电势控制的永磁无刷电机有两相和三相之分,虽然控制方法相同,但提取反电势过零信号--转子位置信号的机理和方法有较大差别:两相电机提取的是真实的反电势过零信息;三相电机中所取得的反电势过零信息则是以三相绕组"人工"中点为基础的,而这个人工中点又是按理想电机的电压方程式推导出来的,所以这样的"过零点"与实际的三相绕组反电势过零点有差别.在说明了两种电机的基本工作原理之后,分析了两者的差别和这些差别对电机稳速精度的重大影响.最后提出两相和三相反电势控制的永磁无刷电机各自适于不同的使用范围,特别说明在精密陀螺仪中应该选用两相反电势控制的永磁无刷电机.     

无刷直流陀螺电机的高精度恒速控制

介绍了一种能够实现三相绕组无刷直流陀螺电机的锁相恒速控制方法,所提出的定脉冲三相移电路是将高精度的参考脉冲信号移相成频率不变、相位差为120°的三组脉冲信号,分别与各相反电势检测整形的反馈信号进行相位比较,由该比较输出的数字脉冲信号直接控制电机的三相绕组导通工作。锁定时,使电机反电势的频率脉冲与参考脉冲成为一一对应的关系,电机就处于高精度恒速运行。通过样机试验,其恒速控制精度达到0.001%。     

基于DSP和ML4428无刷直流螺电机锁相稳速控制的研究

提出了一种新的基于数字信号处理器（DSP）TMS320LF2407A和专用驱动芯片ML4428的陀螺用无位置传感器无刷永磁直流电机（BLDCM）稳速控制系统。它采用芯片ML4428实现无刷直流电机速度控制系统中的反电势检测、换相和功率驱动，并使用数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407A作为控制处理器，实现了电机的起停控制、转速给定，转速检测。它还采用了锁相环技术和积分分离的PID控制算法，大大提高了系统的控制性能和可靠性。     

指北陀螺仪与永磁陀螺电机

本文首先简述了陀螺经纬仪中指北陀螺仪的基本原理,接着提出了指北陀螺的核心部件——陀螺电机的几种主要性能对指北陀螺定向精度的影响。通过永磁陀螺电机与目前常用的感应及磁滞陀螺电机主要性能的比较,说明永磁陀螺电机是指北陀螺仪最适用的陀螺电机。它不但可以提高指北陀螺仪的定向精度,而且可以大大简化并减小仪器用电源的尺寸和重量。最后从进一步提高指北陀螺性能的基本观点出发,就主要参数的选定、电磁设计、控制方式和计算机辅助优化设计等方面,重点讨论指北陀螺仪使用永磁陀螺电机的若干特殊问题。     

一种高精度无刷直流陀螺电机锁相稳速系统

设计了一种两相无位置传感器无刷直流陀螺电机锁相稳速系统，单片机与可编程逻辑器的结合使系统以简单的电路实现了各种数字信号的处理。锁定时，电机反电势频率脉冲跟踪基准脉冲，电机稳速运行。试验表明：该系统稳速精度高，实用性强，可靠性高。     

惯导平台陀螺安装误差角辨识的制约因素分析及对策

在惯导平台多位置静态测漂方案下,对陀螺安装误差角的辨识结果往往很不理想。本文通过分析陀螺误差角影响惯导平台漂移的机理,发现平台壳体的角速率是制约误差角辨识精度的主要因素。由此,在测漂过程中有针对性地引入了转台相对地面的角,速率。仿真结果显示,转台角速率的引入能使陀螺安装误差角的辨识精度得到明显的提高。     

液浮陀螺电磁场有限元分析

针对液浮陀螺的永磁陀螺电机漏磁场可能造成陀螺噪声大的问题,需首先搞清永磁陀螺电机的漏磁场量值及分布以及与之可能产生耦合力矩的力矩器端部漏磁的量值及分布。用有限元软件ANSYS对其内部主要电磁元件进行了三维有限元数值计算,得出这些元件的气隙磁密分布图和它们的漏磁形式及大小;分析得出陀螺电机的外圆柱面和力矩器端部存在着较大漏磁,两者存在着磁场的耦合作用。在设计中应对陀螺电机的外圆柱面和力矩器的端部施加磁屏蔽。     

一种安装在仪器室内的压阻法恒流源线路—闸流管恒流源线路

采用锰钢箔(丝)等具有压阻特性的材料进行爆压测量时,需要恒流源供电。国内,国外使用的恒流源线路,都要置于爆轰装置附近,因而难以保护。恒流源线路在冲击波、尘土、潮湿的环境中难以重复使用而保持测量的可靠性和一致性。国内目前经常使用的可控硅恒流源线路存在触发线路复杂、触发延迟时间长、电流导通时间长(1μs左右)。可控硅元件难以挑选诸缺点。     

混合式光纤陀螺惯导系统在线自主标定

混合式光纤陀螺惯导系统IMU的安装误差、光纤陀螺的漂移及标度因数等参数会随着时间发生变化,对系统误差产生影响,使系统在使用一段时间之后精度发生变化,因而需要重新标定。在混合式系统中,通过台体旋转调制,惯性元件常值漂移误差对系统的影响得到抑制,但安装误差和标度因数误差对系统的影响无法得到完全调制,这些误差会与地速及旋转角速率耦合,引起锯齿形速度误差,降低了系统的各项性能。针对混合式惯导系统,建立了IMU误差模型,设计出一种在线自主标定方法,并进行了可观性分析。该方法采用"速度+位置"匹配,对惯导系统30项相关误差项进行在线标定。系统实验结果表明,系统级在线标定参数较分立式标定参数在导航定位精度上提高了半个数量级。     

旋转式捷联惯导系统解算结构

分析了转位机构角速度误差和角位置误差对旋转式捷联惯导系统的影响,研究了旋转式捷联惯导系统的基本解算结构,这些对提高旋转式捷联惯导系统的精度具有十分重要的意义。详细介绍了角度调整型和角速度调制型两种旋转式捷联惯导系统的基本解算结构,给出了转位机构角速度误差和角位置误差在这两种解算结构下的误差传播特性。研究结果表明,对于角速度调制型解算结构,恒定的转位机构角速度误差等效于方位常值陀螺漂移,将对系统精度产生很大的影响,转位机构角位置误差与两个水平方向的角速度互相耦合,产生两个水平方向上的角速度误差;对于角度调制型解算机构,转位机构的角速度误差和角位置误差不引入到捷联回路,对捷联回路不产生影响,但是在IMU姿态到载体姿态变换的过程中,转位机构角位置误差引起载体航向误差,且航向误差的大小与转位机构的角位置误差相等。     

交流发光二极管光源的工作特性研究

为得到交流发光二极管（AC LED）内部晶粒参数与其工作特性的关系,讨论了ACLED光源的内部结构和应用电路模型,分析了AC LED光源的工作特性,给出AC LED发光效率的解析表达式,理论上说明了AC LED的发光效率低于单颗LED晶粒的电光转换效率,且光效随着LED晶粒串联数量的增加而提高,AC LED的光效与限流电阻无关,增加串联晶粒的个数可减小限流电阻的损耗。因此,AC LED制造过程中宜降低晶粒的导通电压,以增加晶粒个数。     

Experimental Investigation of Thermocapillary Convection Induced by a Local Temperature Inhomogeneity near the Liquid Surface. 2. Radiation-Induced Source of Heat

The structure and stability of a thermocapillary flow from a concentrated source of heat induced by radiation and located near the free surface of the liquid filling a deep reservoir are experimentally studied. Absolute stability of this flow for all depths and powers of the heat source is found. The profile of the liquid surface near the heat spot is considered experimentally.     

Collapse of Shock Waves upon Their Interaction with a Local Energy Source

Numerical analysis is performed of the interaction of a shock wave with a local energy source and the wake behind it. It is shown that for specified shock-wave intensity and flow parameters there is a threshold value of the energy release starting with which the shock wave collapses. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 3–7, March–April, 2006.     

Harmonic radiation from a liquid-filled spherical acoustic lens with an internal eccentric spherical source

Radiation of sound from a modally vibrating shell-encapsulated (eccentric) spherical source is analyzed in an exact manner using the classical method of separation of variables. The proposed model is a realistic idealization of a spherical acoustic lens with focal point inside the lens when used as a sound projector. The analytical results are illustrated with a numerical example in which the modal acoustic radiation impedance load on the source and the radiated far-field pressure are evaluated for representative values of the parameters characterizing the system. Numerical results clearly illustrate that in addition to frequency, surface velocity distribution and eccentricity of the source, the dynamic interaction of the encapsulating shell can be of great consequence in sound radiation.     

Stability of an internally damped non-ideal flexible spinning shaft

The stability domain of an internally damped flexible spinning shaft, which is driven by a non-ideal source, is studied in this paper. It is found that the higher transverse modes may become unstable before the lower ones under certain conditions. In particular, we find the entrainment of the shaft spinning speed at specific values corresponding to the lowest stability threshold among all transverse modes. Moreover, the steady state amplitude of the transverse vibrations when the shaft spinning speed is stuck at the stability threshold is determined analytically. The analytical results thus obtained are validated with numerical simulations.     

一致输入作用下土层的地震反应分析

假定土层为线性粘弹性介质,在频域内采用有限元法分析了均匀土层中有限土域的取值范围对计算精度的影响。在一致输入作用下,主要探讨了土层地震反应随不同侧向人工边界、迫振频率、阻尼和土层长深比的变化规律。在此基础上,得到直接有限元法进行土层地震反应分析的经验计算范围。最后对一河谷地形的土层进行地震反应分析,计算表明在进行土层地震反应分析时,采用本文土层范围取值来确定土域的计算范围可以得到满意的结果。为在应用直接有限元法进行土层地震反应计算时,确定有限土域范围提供依据。     

Fundamental solutions in antiplane elastodynamic problem for anisotropic medium under moving oscillating source

In this paper we study the antiplane problem of concentrated point force moving with constant velocity and oscillating with constant frequency in unbounded homogeneous anisotropic elastic medium.The explicit representation of the elastodynamic Green's function is obtained by using Fourier integral transform techniques for all rates of source motion as a sum of the integrals over the finite interval. The dynamic and quasistatic components of the Green's function are extracted. The stationary phase method is applied to derive an asymptotic approximation at the far wave field. The simple formulae for Poynting energy flux vectors for moving and fixed observers are presented too.It is shown that the motion brings some differences in the far field properties, such as, for example, fast and slow waves appearance under superseismic motion and modification of the wave propagation zones and their numbers.The case of isotropic medium is considered separately. For isotropic material all main formulae are obtained in explicit forms.     

Modal acoustic impedance force on a spherical source near a rigid interface

The modal acoustic radiation load on a spherical surface undergoing angularly periodic axisymmetric harmonic vibrations while immersed in an acoustic halfspace with a rigid (infinite impedance) planar boundary is analyzed in an exact fashion using the classical technique of separation of variables. The formulation utilizes the appropriate wave field expansions, the classical method of images and the appropriate translational addition theorem to simulate the relevant boundary conditions for the given configuration. The associated acoustic field quantities such as the modal impedance matrix and the modal acoustic radiation force acting on the spherical surface are determined. The analytical results are illustrated with a numerical example in which the spherical surface, excited in vibrational modes of various orders, is immersed near an impervious rigid wall. The presented solution could eventually be used to validate those obtained by numerical approximation techniques.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY MINERALS IN ASIAN DUST AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

The objectives of this research were to characterise the clay minerals composition of soil-derived dust in Northern China and to set up a mineralogical signature to trace their origin. Mineral composition of aerosol particles was investigated at Aksu, Dunhuang, Yulin, Tongliao and Changwu during an intensive field campaign period of ACE-Asia. The results show that the kaolinite （K） to chlorite （C） ratio is sensitive to the regional origin of Asian dust. Western source areas （represented by Aksu） displayed the lowest K/C ratio of 0.3 （average）, while it was found to increase up to 0.70 （average） upon moving towards northern source areas （represented by Yulin）. By studying transported dust in a deposition area representative of the Chinese Loess Plateau, the usefulness of the K/C ratio, when associated with back air-mass trajectories, was found to lie in revealing the origin of the dust. Comparison of the mineralogical data between Asian dust and Sahara dust, shows that the K/C ratio is also an effective signature to identify the source areas on a hemisphere scale.     

Improvement of mass source/sink for an immersed boundary method

An improved immersed boundary method using a mass source/sink as well as momentum forcing is developed for simulating flows over or inside complex geometries. The present method is based on the Navier–Stokes solver adopting the fractional step method and a staggered Cartesian grid system. A more accurate formulation of the mass source/sink is derived by considering mass conservation of the virtual cells in the fluid crossed by the immersed boundary. Two flow problems (the decaying vortex problem and uniform flow past a circular cylinder) are used to validate the proposed formulation. The results indicate that the accuracy near the immersed boundary is improved by introducing the accurate mass source/sink. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.