冠状动脉支架及其可降解高分子应用的研究进展

综述了近年来针对支架手术中再狭窄而采用的几种金属支架表面改性的方法与可降解医用高分子支架的发展、研究现状,其中包括对目前常用的可降解材料--聚乳酸进行了概述,以及应用有限元方法对可降解支架的支撑力进行的初步探索.     

聚合物基纳米复合功能纤维材料研究进展北大核心CSCD

通过纳米材料与纤维基体的复合制备出聚合物基纳米复合材料,使其兼具纳米材料的功能性和聚合物的易加工性。本文综述了纳米复合阻燃纤维、纳米复合抗紫外纤维、纳米复合抗菌纤维和纳米复合导电纤维材料及纳米复合功能纤维的研究现状,包括纳米材料的改性、设计构筑及其复合聚合物、复合材料纺丝和功能性评价。提出未来聚合物基纳米复合纤维的几个主要发展方向:纳米材料的结构设计及可控制备与功能复合技术、成纤高聚物纳米改性技术,以及纳米复合纤维后整理加工技术;开发多功能复合产业用纤维,以及利用纳米技术开发战略性新兴产业用功能纤维;智能纤维的开发研究;纳米复合功能纤维及纺织品的生态安全性及系统评价。     

磁控溅射改性医用静电纺丝纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维具有纳米尺度纤维结构、高比表面积和高孔隙率,能够仿生天然细胞外基质结构,在生物医用领域显示出巨大应用前景.磁控溅射作为一种新兴的表面处理技术,是一种低温高速溅射技术,可在不改变基材内部结构的前提下,对纤维材料表面进行功能改性.近几年,磁控溅射技术已在医用纳米纤维膜抗菌和生物相容改性、骨组织修复以及人工血...     

典型高分子纤维发展回顾与未来展望

高分子纤维作为发展国民经济的基础材料、国防军工的战略材料、新兴产业的前沿材料,其产品内涵与应用领域正在不断拓展.本文首先简要介绍了国内外高分子纤维材料的发展简史,其依次经历了天然纤维、人造纤维、合成纤维(差别化、功能化、高性能等纤维)等发展阶段.其次,结合本课题组相关工作重点阐述了通用型聚酯纤维、高性能聚苯硫醚纤维以及生物质聚乳酸纤维等典型高分子纤维材料的研究进展,包括发展历程、制备方法、性能优化、应用领域等内容.最后,展望了高分子纤维材料的发展趋势,我们认为基于材料、信息、生物、机械等学科交叉融合与技术突破,具有多材料、多结构、多功能的绿色、超性能、智能纤维材料将成为未来发展方向.     

可生物降解型纤维材料

主要介绍了近年来可生物降材料合成技术的新进展及其在纤维材料上的应用,同时,介绍了可降解纤维材料如纤维素纤维、甲壳纱类纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、尤其对淀粉纤维的发展作了较为详细的论述,指出淀粉纤维的应用领域已获得较大的拓展。由于淀粉可再生,可降解,成本低,淀粉纤维未来的应用前景十分广阔。     

医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性进展

综述了医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性方法,对影响表面润滑性的因素进行了讨论,简述了材料表面润滑性的测定方法,润滑机理及润滑表面的形态,概述了表面润滑的医用高分子材料在临床中的应用。     

静电纺丝法在制备改性醋酸纤维素中的应用

纤维素是一种天然存在于有机物或植物中储量巨大的可再生资源。醋酸纤维素是在催化剂的作用下,将纤维素的羟基酯化而得到的一种热塑性树脂。由于其具有稳定,易于加工,不易燃烧,生物可降解性等特点,常用来替代天然纤维素作为静电纺丝的原料。静电纺丝技术作为目前制备纳米纤维材料的一种简单有效的方法,近些年来一直备受关注。本文系统介绍了以醋酸纤维素为静电纺丝的基体材料, 通过添加纳米粒子、聚合物溶液、表面改性、同轴电纺等物理改性方法以及再生纤维处理和硝化反应等化学改性方法制备改性醋酸纤维素纤维, 讨论了改性后的新材料结构和性能等多方面的变化。综述了近几年来国内外关于以静电纺丝法制备改性醋酸纤维素纤维的研究进展以及其在生物医药、组织工程支架、过滤膜以及功能性织物等方面的应用前景。     

磷酰胆碱改性聚合物*

合成与天然磷脂结构相类似的高分子材料,以提高生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性是开发生物材料的一个重要方向。该类基于仿细胞膜外层结构设计合成的磷酰胆碱改性聚合物已成为一个新的研究热点。本文综述了磷酰胆碱聚合物的合成方法以及磷酰胆碱对各种聚合物体系的改性方法,及其在组织工程、血液净化、药物控释、生物传感器等相关方面的应用,并展望了磷酰胆碱改性聚合物未来的研究发展及应用的前景与趋势。     

《功能高分子材料》

全书共分17章，结合功能高分子材料的结构与性能、制备方法及应用领域，对离子交换树脂，吸附树脂，离子交换纤维和活性碳纤维，高分子膜分离材料，高分子色谱固定相，高分子试剂，高分子负载催化剂，导电高分子材料，电效发光聚合物材料，非线性光学高分子材料，液晶高分子材料，感光高分子材料，医用高分子材料，环境敏感高分子材料，高分子电解质，高分子染料，淀粉，纤维素衍生物高分子等进行了详细论述。[第一段]     

超支化聚醚的合成与应用

超支化聚醚以其独特的结构与性能而成为高分子研究的热点。本文对近年来HBPE的合成方法及应用研究进行了综述。目前超支化聚醚的制备方法主要包括在缩合反应、开环聚合反应、及质子转移等其它聚合反应。超支化聚醚的应用研究领域非常广阔,主要包括聚合物电解质、生物医药、无机物表面改性、荧光功能高分子材料、聚合物改性以及负载、液晶、水凝胶等其它功能材料方面显示出了巨大的应用潜力。本文还对超支化聚醚今后的应用前景进行了展望。     

Surface modification on microfluidic devices with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymers for reducing unfavorable protein adsorption

Surface modification of polymer materials for preparing microfluidic devices including poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) was investigated with phospholipids polymers such as poly(2-methacryloyloxylethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (PMB) and poly(MPC-co-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMED). The hydrophilicity of every surface on the polymer materials modified with these MPC polymers increased and the value of zeta-potential became close to zero. The protein adsorption on the polymer materials with and without the surface modification was evaluated using a protein mixture of human plasma fibrinogen and serum albumin. Amount of proteins adsorbed on these polymeric materials showed significant reduction by the surface modification with the MPC polymers compared to the uncoated surfaces ranging from 56 to 90%. Furthermore, we successfully prepared PDMS-based microchannel which was modified by simple coating with the PMB and PMED. The modified microchannel also revealed a significant reduction of adsorption of serum albumin. We conclude that the MPC polymers are useful for reducing unfavorable protein adsorption on microfluidic devices.     

烯碳材料改性有机高性能纤维：制备、性能及应用

有机高性能纤维是全球化纤工业的重要发展方向之一。提升现有纤维力学性能的同时研发新型结构功能一体化的纤维对提升我国在航天航空等领域的国际地位具有重要意义。以石墨烯和碳纳米管为代表的烯碳材料具备优异的力、电、热学等性能,可用于改性传统有机高性能纤维。通过制备不同物化性质的烯碳材料并设计合理的改性方式,可将烯碳材料优异的性能传递到传统纤维中,形成具备更高力、电、热学等性能的烯碳材料改性有机高性能纤维。本文首先综述了烯碳材料改性有机高性能纤维的制备方式,包括烯碳材料的分散与功能化、烯碳材料对有机高性能纤维的改性方法,阐述了烯碳材料改性有机高性能纤维的力、电、热学等性能以及烯碳材料的增强机理,进而总结了烯碳材料改性有机高性能纤维的应用,并对其现存的挑战和未来的发展做出展望。     

表面引发聚合反应研究进展

表面引发聚合反应作为一种新的聚合反应可广泛应用于固体基底的表面修饰与改性。结合分子自组装技术,几乎各种类型的聚合反应都有可能在固体基底表面进行。本文对表面引发聚合反应的研究进展进行了综述,对反应类型、实验方法、研究动向以及在合成聚合物刷、形成图案化聚合物薄膜等方面的应用与发展前景作了介绍与讨论。     

Surface derivatization of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber designed for novel separation and extraction media

The surface derivatization of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber was studied. The obtained surface-derivatized filaments were packed into a fused-silica capillary to evaluate its surface characteristics by using GC. As the stationary phase for GC the surface-derivatized fibers showed higher retention for alkanes and alkylbenzenes than that with the untreated Kevlar fiber. The improvements on the retention power and the peak shape were observed on the benzyl-modified fibrous stationary phase. The derivatized fibrous materials were also evaluated as the extraction medium in fiber-in-tube SPE, and the effect of the surface modification on the extraction power was compared to the parent fiber. The results indicated that the modified fiber possessed a higher extraction power than the untreated fiber. Based on the facts, the successful modification of the fiber surface was estimated.     

Spray-Coating of Catalytically Active MOF–Polythiourea through Postsynthetic Polymerization

A UiO-66-NCS MOF was formed by postsynthetic modification of UiO-66-NH₂. The UiO-66-NCS MOFs displays a circa 20-fold increase in activity against the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP) compared to UiO-66-NH₂, making it the most active MOF materials using a validated high-throughput screening. The −NCS functional groups provide reactive handles for postsynthetic polymerization of the MOFs into functional materials. These MOFs can be tethered to amine-terminated polypropylene polymers (Jeffamines) through a facile room-temperature synthesis with no byproducts. The MOFs are then crosslinked into a MOF–polythiourea (MOF–PTU) composite material, maintaining the catalytic properties of the MOF and the flexibility of the polymer. This MOF–PTU hybrid material was spray-coated onto Nyco textile fibers, displaying excellent adhesion to the fiber surface. The spray-coated fibers were screened for the degradation of DMNP and showed durable catalytic reactivity.     

Secretion-Catalyzed Assembly of Protein Biomaterials on a Bacterial Membrane Surface

Protein-based biomaterials have played a key role in tissue engineering, and additional exciting applications as self-healing materials and sustainable polymers are emerging. Over the past few decades, recombinant expression and production of various fibrous proteins from microbes have been demonstrated; however, the resulting proteins typically must then be purified and processed by humans to form usable fibers and materials. Here, we show that the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can be programmed to secrete silk through its translocon via an orthogonal signal peptide/peptidase pair. Surprisingly, we discover that this translocation mechanism drives the silk proteins to assemble into fibers spontaneously on the cell surface, in a process we call secretion-catalyzed assembly (SCA). Secreted silk fibers form self-healing hydrogels with minimal processing. Alternatively, the fibers retained on the membrane provide a facile route to create engineered living materials from Bacillus cells. This work provides a blueprint to achieve autonomous assembly of protein biomaterials in useful morphologies directly from microbial factories.     

Supercritical CO2 antisolvent precipitation of polymer networks of l-PLA,PMMA and PMMA/PCL blends for biomedical applications

A supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) antisolvent technique was used for the precipitation of several biopolymers into fibers organized in a three-dimensional network. The work was first focused on separately processing either a biodegradable (polycaprolactone or polylactic acid) or a non-biodegradable (polymethylmetacrylate) homopolymer. Second, we established that the antisolvent supercritical technique can be also used to make fibrous networks of blends constitute by non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymers (polymethylmetacrylate/polycaprolactone). The influence of several operating variables (e.g., liquid solution concentration or flow rate and nozzle design) on the polymers morphology and properties was evaluated. For all studied systems, fibers with a rough textured surface and an extremely high surface area in the order of 100–400 m² g^?1 were precipitated. Prepared materials have potential applications in tissue engineering, since they have intrinsic advantages from a biomimetic approach.     

ELECTROACTIVE AND NANOSTRUCTURED POLYMERS AS SCAFFOLD MATERIALS FOR NEURONAL AND CARDIAC TISSUE ENGINEERING

Conducting polymer, polyaniline （PANI）, has been studied as a novel electroactive and electrically conductive material for tissue engineering applications. The biocompatibility of the conductive polymer can be improved by （i） covalently grafting various adhesive peptides onto the surface of prefabricated conducting polymer films or into the polymer structures during the synthesis, （ii） co-electrospinning or blending with natural proteins to form conducting nanofibers or films, and （iii） preparing conducting polymers using biopolymers, such as collagen, as templates. In this paper, we mainly describe and review the approaches of covalently attaching oligopeptides to PANI and electrospinning PANI-gelatin blend nanofibers. The employment of such modified conducting polymers as substrates for enhanced cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation has been investigated with neuronal PC-12 cells and H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. For the electrospun PANI- gelatin fibers, depending on the concentrations of PANI, H9c2 cells initially displayed different morphologies on the fibrous substrates, but after one week all cultures reached confluence of similar densities and morphologies. Furthermore, we observed, that conductive PANI, when maintained in an aqueous physiologic environment, retained a significant level of electrical conductivity for at least 100 h, even though this conductivity was decreasing over time. Preliminary data show that the application of micro-current stimulates the differentiation of PC-12 cells. All the results demonstrate the potential for using PANI as an electroactive polymer in the culture of excitable cells and open the possibility of using this material as an electroactive scaffold for cardiac and/or neuronal tissue engineering applications that require biocompatibility of conductive polymers.     

Creation of novel polymer materials by processing with inclusion compounds

The processing of polymer materials from their inclusion compounds (ICs) formed with urea (U) and cyclodextrin (CD) hosts is described. Several examples are presented and serve to demonstrate the fabrication of unique polymer‐polymer composites and blends, including intimate blends of normally incompatible polymers, and the delivery of additives to polymers by means of embedding polymer‐ or additive‐U and CD‐ ICs into carrier polymer films and fibers, followed by coalescence of the IC guest, or by coalescence of two polymers or a polymer and an additive from their common CD‐IC crystals.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面改性的研究进展

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维具有诸多优异性能,因此被广泛应用于纤维增强复合材料(FRP)。但是由于UHMWPE纤维表面光滑且无极性基团,与树脂基体粘接性差,可通过纤维表面改性有效提高FRP的界面强度,进而提升材料性能。本文总结了近几年基于化学处理、等离子体处理、电晕放电和辐射引发表面接枝等方法对UHMWPE纤维表面改性的研究进展,并对改性方法的发展进行了展望。