Detection of the reduced forms of radical adducts on the ESR trace using HPLC‐electrochemical detector‐ultraviolet absorption detector‐electron spin resonance‐MS

To detect and identify the electron spin resonance (ESR) silent forms of the α‐(4‐pyridyl‐1‐oxide)‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (4‐POBN) radical adducts, an electrochemical detector (ECD) was employed as a reactor in the HPLC‐ECD‐UV absorption detector‐ESR‐MS (HPLC‐ECD‐UV‐ESR‐MS). The ECD was employed to regenerate the radical forms from the reduced forms. The reduced forms of the 4‐POBN/pentyl radical adducts were analyzed using the HPLC‐ECD‐UV‐ESR‐MS. On addition of the ECD applied potential of +0.3 V, a peak appeared on the ESR trace of the HPLC‐ECD‐UV‐ESR‐MS analyses, indicating that the radical forms are regenerated from the reduced forms. The HPLC‐ECD‐UV‐ESR‐MS analyses were also performed for the reaction mixtures of phenylhydrazine with CuCl₂. Two peaks (peaks I and II) were detected on the UV trace (300 nm) of the HPLC‐ECD‐UV‐ESR‐MS. The mass spectra showed that the peak I and peak II compounds are radical and reduced forms of the 4‐POBN/phenyl radical adducts under the ECD applied potential of 0.0 V. Peak I was only detected on the ESR trace under the ECD applied potential of 0.0 V. In addition to peak I, peak II appeared on the ESR trace under the ECD applied potential of +0.3 V, indicating that the reduced forms are oxidized to the corresponding radical forms.     

Sequencing of peptide‐derived Amadori products by the electron capture dissociation method

The electron capture dissociation (ECD) of peptide‐derived Amadori products has been successfully applied for their sequencing. In contrast to the collision induced dissociation (CID), based on the vibrational excitation of peptides, the ECD method does not produce ions formed by fragmentation of the hexose moiety, that facilitates interpretation of the obtained spectra. The fragmentation spectrum is dominated by c_n and z·_n ions, providing the sufficient information for sequencing of peptides and establishing the location of glycated Lys residues in the peptide chain. The ECD experiments were conducted on a series of synthetic peptides and unseparated digests of glycated ubiquitin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

气相色谱/电子捕获检测法测定键合态糖苷的研究

该文建立了GC/ECD法测定键合态糖苷的分析方法,采用N-甲基-双(三氟乙酰胺)(MBTFA)对目标物进行衍生,并优化了反应温度和时间.结果表明在60℃下反应50 min时,衍生效果最好.该衍生反应在产物中引入氟元素,可用GC/JECD法进行测定.以苯氧基葡萄糖苷为典型目标物进行线性研究,方法在0.05～200 mg/...     

Combined use of three forms of chiroptical spectroscopies in the study of the absolute configuration and conformational properties of 3-phenylcyclopentanone, 3-phenylcyclohexanone,and 3-phenylcycloheptanone

Three forms of chiroptical spectroscopies, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) have been employed to study the configuration and conformational properties of the three molecules: (S)-3-phenylcyclopentanone, (S)-3-phenylcyclohexanone, and (S)-3-phenylcycloheptanone (including (S)-3-phenylcyclopentanone-2,2,5,5-d₄ and (S)-3-phenylcyclohexanone-2,2,6,6-d₄). ECD and VCD spectra in the mid-IR for the three molecular systems are marginally dependent on fine conformational details, as interpreted in terms of standard DFT computational methods, with common spectroscopic features to the three systems clearly identified. Accounting for vibronic coupling mechanisms reproduces the structuring of ECD n→π^∗ band. The ORD curves are quite similar for the three types of molecules, but their interpretation highlights a crucial role played by conformations of the cycloalkanone ring in the case of (S)-3-phenylcycloheptanone. The same conclusions are reached by considering the VCD spectra in the CH-stretching region.     

12-Deoxyroridin J and 12-Deoxyepiisororidin E from Calcarisporium arbuscular

The culture broth of Calcarisporium arbuscular afforded 12-deoxyroridin J (1) and 12-deoxyepiisororidin E (2). Their structures were elucidated based on NMR and ECD analyses. Both molecules showed negative ECD splitting at 240?nm and a negative Cotton effect at 200?nm. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the former is caused due to the ECD exciton coupling between the C1′–C3′ enone and C7′–C11′ dienone chromophores, whereas the latter corresponds to the longer wavelength fragment of the negative ECD splitting in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region at 190?nm which cannot be observed with conventional circular dichroism spectrometers. Simultaneous isolation of the regular roridins suggested that 1 and 2 are obtained through the same biosynthetic pathway. Since the 12-epoxy functionality is introduced at an early biosynthetic stage, 1 and 2 are assumed to be derived from reductions of the 12,13-epoxide in the corresponding regular roridins at a later biosynthetic stage.     

Induced secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor through bacterial co-culture and OSMAC approaches

Two new cryptic 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-(2H)-1-one (1-tetralone) derivatives, aspvanicin A (1) and its epimer aspvanicin B (2), as well as several known cryptic metabolites (3–8), were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the co-culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor KU258497 with the bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 on solid rice medium. When A. versicolor was cultured axenically in liquid Wickerham medium supplemented with 3.5% DMSO, an additional three known secondary metabolites (9–11) were isolated that were lacking when the fungus was fermented on rice medium. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as HRESIMS. The relative and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by the combination of NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis aided by DFT conformational analysis and TDDFT-ECD calculations. The ECD calculations revealed that although the sign of the blue-shifted overlapping n-π¹ ECD transition follows the helicity rule of cyclic aryl ketones, the calculation of low-energy conformers and ECD spectra was necessary to determine the stereochemistry. All metabolites were assessed for their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities; one of the new diastereomers, compound 2, showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y.     

Identification of the constituents of a complex mixture by combined use of retention indices and specific multidetection responses

The ratio of the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound has, when used in conjunction with the compound's retention index, been investigated as an identification criterion for the compound. The ECD:NPD and ECD:FPD response ratios have been used for the identification of some pesticides. Analyses were performed with a single column – dual parallel detection – personal computer system. The reliability of the detector response ratio (DRR) was demonstrated by the consistency of detector response with time, and the influence of the quantity of analyte and of the chromatographic operating conditions. These factors were selected in the expectation that the technique could be used for routine trace analysis.     

Superior ECD Performance through Design and Application

A new ECD, the HP 6890 Series Micro-ECD, was designed to address inherent deficiencies in classical electron capture detectors (ECD), especially with respect to sensitivity, linearity, dynamic range, and ruggedness. Several novel technologies were incorporated in the totally new design and were refined through practical testing and user feedback. Validation of the micro-ECD performance was accomplished through side-by-side testing of the Micro-ECD with previous ECDs following US EPA Contract Laboratory Program methods for pesticides and PCBs. In addition, extensive interviews were conducted with early users of the Micro-ECD who also had experience with other designs running a variety of ECD methods. The design and resulting performance improvements are described.     

Aptamer based fluorescent probe for serum HER2-ECD detection: The clinical utility in breast cancer

HB5 aptamer-based probe has been developed for serum HER2-ECD test in auxiliary clinical diagnosis and treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.     

Is it biologically relevant to measure the structures of small peptides in the gas-phase?

Recent developments in sample introduction of biologically relevant molecules have heralded a new era for gas-phase methods of structural determination. One of the biggest challenges is to relate gas-phase structures, often measured in the absence of water and counter ions, with in vivo biologically active structures. An advantage of gas-phase based techniques is that a given peptide can be analysed in a variety of different forms, for example, as a function of charge state, or with additional water molecules. Molecular modelling can provide insight into experimental findings and help elucidate the differences between structural forms. Combining experiment and theory provides a thorough interrogation of candidate conformations. Here two important naturally occurring peptide systems have been examined in detail and results are assessed in terms of their biological significance.The first of these is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a decapeptide which is the central regulator of the reproductive system in vertebrates. We have examined several naturally occurring variants of this peptide using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) in conjunction with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Candidate conformations are modelled using the AMBER force field. Single amino acid changes, for example Gly6 → Ala6, or Ala6 → D-Ala6, have observable effects on the gas phase structure of GnRH. It has been shown that evolutionary primary sequence variations are key to the biological activity of GnRH, and it is thought that this is due to different binding affinities at target receptors. This work provides strong evidence that this activity is structurally based. The second system examined is the relationship between the quaternary structure and activity of two novel β-defensins. FT-ICR mass spectrometry has been employed to characterize di-sulphide bridging and dissociation based experiments utilised to investigate their structural core. Defr1, with five cysteines, exists as a covalently bound disulphide linked dimer; Defr1 Y5C with six cysteines also is observed as a dimer, but non-covalently bound, suggesting that this defensin has a tendency to aggregate. The activity of Defr1 is 10 times higher than that of Defr1 Y5C when tested against the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results from these studies could inform future design of novel GnRH type ligands and anti-microbial agents, and illustrate the power of gas-phase based techniques for solving peptide structures.     

Deconvolution of E/Z tetrahydroisoquinoline amide rotamers and conformers from a marine-derived Streptomyces strain

A collaborative program to discover new specialized metabolites from aquatic environments of Iceland led to the deconvolution of tetrahydroisoquinoline amide E/Z rotamers [(E/Z)-N-acetyl-MY336-a; 1] and conformers produced by a Streptomyces sp. All structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis, and interpretation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. ECD and optical rotation (OR) simulations permitted the unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration of compound 1 and provided an important example of delineating the spectroscopic contributions of equilibrating rotamers and boat/chair conformers of a common natural product scaffold.     

IRMPD and ECD fragmentation of intermolecular cross-linked peptides

Despite the increasing number of studies using mass spectrometry for three dimensional analyses of proteins (MS3D), the identification of cross-linked peptides remains a bottleneck of the method. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of knowledge about the fragmentation of these species. Intermolecular cross-linked peptides are considered the most informative species present in MS3D experiment, since different peptides are connected by a cross-linker, the peptides chain can be either from a single protein, providing information about protein folding, or from two different proteins in a complex, providing information about binding partners, complex topology and interaction sites. These species tend to be large and highly charged in ESI, making comprehensive fragmentation by CID MS/MS problematic. On the other hand, these highly charged peptides are very suitable for dissociation using both infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD). Herein, we report the fragmentation study of intermolecular cross-linked peptides using IRMPD and ECD. Using synthetic peptides and different commercial cross-linkers, a series of intermolecular cross-linked peptides were generate, and subsequently fragmented by IRMPD and ECD in a FT-ICR-MS instrument. Due to the high mass accuracy and resolution of the FT-ICR, the fragment ions could be attributed with high confidence. The peptides sequence coverage and fragmentation features obtained from IRMPD and ECD were compared for all charge states.     

Trace analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in water

Summary Simple sampling and preconcentration technique for the analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in water is described. For the separation a selective capillary column is used in combination with an ECD. Quantitative data are given.     

Neomacrophorin I,II, and III,novel drimenyl cyclohexanes with hydroxylated butanoates from Trichoderma sp. 1212-03

Neomacrophorins I (1), II (2), and III (3) were isolated from the culture broth of Trichoderma sp. 1212-03, which was collected at Shirakami Mountainous area in Japan. Structural analyses disclosed that these resemble known macrophorins but possess axial-hydroxy group at C3 as well as different side chains at C7′. These are diastereomeric forms of macrophorins for 5′,6′-epoxide functionality. The NMR analyses suggested their relative configurational relationship between the C1–C15 drimene and C1′–C7′ epoxyquinone moieties. ECD spectral discussions verified them particularly for C5′,C6′-epoxyquinone (1), C5′,C6′-epoxysemiquinone (2 and 3), and 2″,3″-dihydroxybutanoate moiety in 1 and 2. The configuration of C3″-stereocenter of 3 was determined by chiral GC–MS after converting into methyl (S)-3″-hydroxybutanoate by basic of 3 methanolysis. Biological assays disclosed that 1 induces hyphal branching of Cochliobolus miyabeanus as well as cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer COLO 201.     

Effect of ammonia on the response of the electron capture detector (ECD)

The effect of ammonia on the electron capture detector (ECD) response has been investigated. Nitrogen with different ammonia concentrations (5–20%) was used as make-up gas. Compared to pure nitrogen, the ECD response decreased when the ammonia concentration in the make-up gas was 5%. However, the response increased when the ammonia concentration was 20%. The response factor of 4-chlorophenol increased 4 fold when ammonia was 20%. Also, di- and tri-chlorophenols increased by 30–50%. The nitroaromatic compounds responses increased by about 2–3.7 times with 20% ammonia in the make-up gas. The signal-to-noise (S/N) increased when 20% ammonia in nitrogen was used as make-up gas compared to pure nitrogen. Also, the detector linearity increased by 50% with ammonia.     

Fragmentation induced in atmospheric pressure photoionization of peptides

In this work, the fragmentation of peptides under atmospheric pressure photoionization conditions is investigated. Intensive fragmentations into b/y- and c-sequence ions are reported. Abundance of these c-ions appeared to be related to the quantity of dopant infused and to the disappearance of the doubly protonated peptide ion. A careful analysis of the role of the dopant indicates that the fragmentations are not dependent on the nature of the dopant but on their ionization efficiencies. This result shows that the fragmentation arises from the reaction of the protonated peptide with photoelectrons released upon ionization of the dopant in an electron capture dissociation/electron transfer dissociation (ECD/ETD) type mechanism. Experiments with peptides bearing a single proton indicate that additional mechanisms are involved. H-atom transfer reactions are suggested to be responsible for the fragmentations as well. Those atoms could arise either from the dopant ions or from negatively charged solvent nanodroplets. This is the first report of an ECD/ETD mechanism in a dense medium and at atmospheric pressure.     

Two neolignans from Penthorum Chinense and their antiproliferative activities

Abstract

Chemical investigation of Penthorum chinense resulted in the isolation of two neolignans (1 and 2) together with two known compounds (3 and 4). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data, and absolute configurations were made based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on hepatic stellate T6 cells (HSC-T6 cells), and 1 and 2 showed moderate activity with IC₅₀ values of 15.3 and 10.1?μM, respectively.     

Japonicones A-C: Three lindenane sesquiterpenoid dimers with a 12-membered ring core from Chloranthus japonicus

Japonicones A–C (1–3), three new dimeric lindenane-type sesquiterpenoids featuring a rare 12-membered ring framework, were isolated from the whole plants of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. Their structures and absolute configurations were unequivocally established by a combination of spectroscopic data, ECD calculation, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their DNA Topoisomerase Ⅰ (Top1) inhibitory, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities.     

CWS1.0色谱工作站测定微量发硒

利用硒与４－硝基邻苯二胺在硫酸和高氯酸溶液中生成５－硝基－２，１，３－苯并硒二唑，且可被萃取至甲苯中的性质，用气相色谱法配合电子捕获检测器测定了甲苯中的５－硝基－２，１，３－苯并硒二唑，从而测定了硒的含量，数据处理采用自行研制的ＣＷＳ１．０色谱工作站进行，可对样品采集文件进行多种处理，操作快速，简便，处理结果精密，准确，该法用于人发中微量硒的含量测定，获得了满意的结果。     

Belamcandanes A and B,two unprecedented tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids from Belamcanda chinensis

Two unprecedented tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids, belamcandanes A–B (1–2), have been isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned by interpretation of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, and their absolute configurations were assigned by ECD calculation. Compounds 1–2 possess a spiro[4,5]decane core structure and a α-terpineol moiety, representing the first example of tricyclic-iridal triterpenoids. The plausible biogenetic pathway for 1 and 2 is also proposed.