WO3介孔材料的研究进展

结合近几年国内外相关文献,介绍了近几年国内外有关WO3介孔材料合成与应用的研究进展,分析了WO3介孔材料的未来发展趋势.     

氧化钨纳米线结构相变的拉曼光谱研究

本文利用拉曼光谱技术对氧化钨纳米线结构随激光功率改变而变化的情况进行了研究。研究结果表明氧化钨纳米线在一定功率的激光照射下被氧化成了三氧化钨纳米线;随着激光功率的进一步增大,纳米线温度进一步升高,三氧化钨纳米线由开始的单斜相向正交相结构过渡。实验证实三氧化钨纳米线的相变过程是可逆的,而之前的氧化过程是不可逆的。     

Stability of Polymer Composites with Tungsten Oxide against Electron Irradiation

Technical Physics - Physicomechanical and thermal properties of polymer composites based on polyimide and tungsten oxide (WO3) are presented. Computational and experimental methods are used to...     

Band Structure of Tungsten Oxide W20O58 with Ideal Octahedra

JETP Letters - The band structure, density of states, and the Fermi surface of a tungsten oxide WO2.9 with idealized crystal structure (ideal octahedra WO6 creating a “square lattice”)...     

Phase Transitions and Electrophysical Properties of Tungsten(VI) Oxide in a 83–673 K Temperature Range

Russian Physics Journal - The paper studies the changes in the crystal structure and dielectric properties of tungsten(VI) oxide (WO3) in the temperature range from 83 to 673 K. Investigations are...     

纯钨红外光谱发射率特性研究

光谱发射率是一个重要的热物性参数,在辐射测温、热传输计算等领域有着广泛的应用。钨作为一种重要的金属,关于其光谱发射率的研究报道较少。利用黑体炉、傅里叶红外光谱仪、加热装置和光学系统搭建了一套能量对比法光谱发射率测量装置,该装置能够测量3~20μm的光谱发射率,测量装置的整体不确定度优于5%。利用该装置测量了纯钨在4个温度点(573, 673, 773和873 K)的法向光谱发射率,重点探讨了氧化、温度、波长和加热时间对纯钨光谱发射率的影响。研究结果表明:纯钨在表面未氧化的情况下,光谱发射率在几个温度点的变化规律基本一致,且数值相差较小,而当其表面发生氧化后光谱发射率迅速增加,在某些波长处出现了强烈的振荡。表面未氧化时纯钨的光谱发射率受温度的影响较小,随着温度的增加仅出现微小的增加,但是当表面发生氧化后,随温度的升高而迅速增大。纯钨的光谱发射率整体上随着波长的增加而减小,但是当表面发生氧化后,由于表面氧化膜与钨金属基底发生干涉效应,在4, 9, 12.5和16.5μm处均出现了峰值。在573和673 K,纯钨的光谱发射率随着加热时间的增加无明显变化。然而,随着温度的升高,在773和873 K时,光谱发射率随着加热时间增加而增大,在773 K时光谱发射率随加热时间的增加增幅较大,因为在该温度点,纯钨表面刚开始发生氧化,氧化速率较大,在873 K时光谱发射率随加热时间的增加增幅较为平缓,并且随着加热时间的增长呈现稳定的趋势。综上,纯钨的光谱发射率在温度较低和表面未氧化时较为稳定。随着温度的升高,当表面发生氧化后,光谱发射率迅速增大,并且在多个波长位置出现了强烈的振荡。由此可见,纯钨光谱发射率受温度、波长、加热时间的影响较大,在实际应用过程中,特别是在辐射测温过程中,如果把纯钨的光谱发射率看做常数将会带来较大的测量误差。该研究将进一步丰富钨的光谱发射率数据,并为其在科学研究和应用中提供数据支持。     

Spectroscopic Investigation of Tungsten Ions in Lead Scandium Phosphate Glass System

Lead scandium phosphate glasses (PbO-Sc₂O₃-P₂O₅) containing different concentrations of tungsten oxide (WO₃) ranging from 0 to 5 mol% were prepared. A number of studies, viz. differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared spectra, optical absorption, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, have been carried out. The results of DTA indicated the highest glass forming ability for the glass containing 5 mol% of WO₃. The results of spectroscopic studies have been analyzed in light of different oxidation states of tungsten ions.     

Formation of “Fuzz” on the Pre-Nitrided Tungsten Surface

Experiments are carried out on a simulation stand with a plasma-beam facility in order to study the formation of “fuzz” on the initial and pre-nitrided tungsten surface. The parameters of the experiments of the nitriding and formation of the tungsten “fuzz” are given. The results of materials science study are shown. The characteristics of the tungsten “fuzz” on the nitrided and non-nitrided tungsten surfaces are determined and the results obtained are analyzed.

     

掺钽钨青铜的制备及光学性能

以TaCl₅和Na₂WO₄为原料,采用水热法在170 ℃制备性能良好的掺钽钨青铜(Ta_<i>xWO₃)纳米线。利用Ｘ射线衍射技术(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)及拉曼光谱(Raman)等分析手段,对该材料的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行表征。XRD结果表明：Ta_xWO₃纳米材料为六方相结构氧化钨,当Ta_xWO₃中Ta/W摩尔比小于0.04时,晶胞参数随着掺杂量的增大而逐渐增大,当掺杂量达到大于0.04后保持基本不变。UV-Vis光谱表明,随着钽掺杂量的增大,紫外吸收峰发生红移,即能隙逐渐减小。Raman光谱显示：随钽掺杂量的增大,Raman峰位逐渐向低波数方向移动,同时振动峰逐渐宽化,进一步证明了钽掺杂对氧化钨结构的影响。光催化降解罗丹明B的实验显示,制备的Ta_xWO₃具有较高的光催化活性。     

Tungsten ion source under double-pulse laser ablation system

New tungsten ion source is produced by using single and double-pulse laser ablation system. Combined collinear Nd:YAG laser beams(266+1064 nm) are optimized to focus on the sample in air. Optimization of the experimental parameters is achieved to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the emission spectra. The velocity distribution of the emitted plasma cloud is carefully measured. The influences of the potential difference between the bias electrodes, laser wavelength and intensity on the current signal are also studied. The results show that the increase in the tungsten ion velocity under the double-pulse lasers causes the output current signal to increase by about three folds. The electron density and temperature are calculated by using the Stark-broadened line profile of tungsten line and Boltzmann plot method of the upper energy levels, respectively. The signal intensity dependence of the tungsten ion angular distribution is also analyzed. The results indicate that the double-pulse laser ablation configuration is more potent technique for producing more metal ion source deposition, thin film formation, and activated plasma-facing component material.     

软X射线反射法测量金属W的光学常量

在同步辐射装置3W1B光束线上测量了软X射线能区50~200 eV金属W薄膜的反射率,并采用最小二乘拟合得到其光学常量.实验采用三种样品：Si衬底单层W超薄膜，Si衬底W/C双层膜，SiO2衬底W薄膜.分别获得金属W光学常量，三种样品的结果分别代表W薄膜光学常量，WC薄膜结合中W薄膜的光学常量及体材料W的光学常量.结果表明,前两者结果与以往发表数据一致性较好，第三种样品的结果则更接近已发表的体材料的结果.通过实验结果和已发表数据的比较，发现随着薄膜厚度的降低，光学常量实部（色散因子）变化不明显，而虚部（吸收因子）随之升高.实验不确定度来源于光谱纯净度和光源稳定性.     

Hydrogen Retention in Tungsten Alloys Developed for Fusion Facilities (Review)

This review is focused on the effect of doping with various elements on retention in tungsten. Although tungsten is one of the most promising plasma-facing materials (PFMs), it still has a number of drawbacks. Doping is proposed as a way to make tungsten more suitable for PFM applications. A considerable number of tungsten alloys have already been developed in the course of fusion research. Doping may alter the parameters of hydrogen retention in tungsten, and this should be taken into account in selecting the materials for fusion facilities.     

Tungsten quasispherical wire loads with a profiled mass

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Wire arrays made from micrometer tungsten wires with linear mass profiled along their height are developed for experiments on the generation of X-ray radiation upon pinch...     

Microstructure and Deuterium Retention of Tungsten Deposited by Hollow Cathode Discharge in Deuterium Plasma

Tungsten has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates as the plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. Although tungsten has numerous advantages compared with other materials, issues including dust are rather difficult to deal with. Dust is produced in fusion devices by energetic plasma-surface interaction. The re-deposition of dust particles could cause the retention of fuel atoms. In this work, tungsten is deposited with deuterium plasma by hollow cathode discharge to simulate the dust production in a tokamak. The morphology of the deposited tungsten can be described as a film with spherical particles on it. Thermal desorption spectra of the deposited tungsten show extremely high desorption of the peak positions. It is also found that there is a maximum retention of deuterium in the deposited tungsten samples due to the dynamic equilibrium of the deposition and sputtering process on the substrates.     

Synthesis and electrical characterization of tungsten oxide nanowires

Tungsten oxide nanowires of diameters ranging from 7 to 200~nm are prepared on a tungsten rod substrate by using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method with vapour--solid (VS) mechanism. Tin powders are used to control oxygen concentration in the furnace, thereby assisting the growth of the tungsten oxide nanowires. The grown tungsten oxide nanowires are determined to be of crystalline W₁₈O₄₉. I--V curves are measured by an \textit{in situ} transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the electrical properties of the nanowires. All of the I--V curves observed are symmetric, which reveals that the tungsten oxide nanowires are semiconducting. Quantitative analyses of the experimental I--V curves by using a metal--semiconductor--metal (MSM) model give some intrinsic parameters of the tungsten oxide nanowires, such as the carrier concentration, the carrier mobility and the conductivity.     

Phase Transitions in Tungsten Monoborides

JETP Letters - Three tungsten monoboride phases, including the I41/amd-WB and Cmcm-WB phases and the recently predicted stable low-temperature $$P\overline 4 {2_1}m$$-WB phase, have been studied in...     

自由钨团簇与氮分子反应性的尺寸相关性

用激光蒸发团簇源产生Wn团簇束 ,团簇通过一个充有N2 气体分子的低压反应池 ,利用飞行时间质谱探测反应产物 ,在单次碰撞条件下研究了W+ 10 —W+ 50 和N2 分子的反应性 ,在室温条件下测量了N2 分子与W+ n 团簇反应的反应几率 .n =10— 2 6的团簇与N2 分子的反应几率与团簇尺寸有很强的相关性 ,n =16 ,2 2 ,2 3的团簇有较高的反应性 .W+ n 与N2 分子的反应性与Wn与N2 分子的反应性显示出相似的规律性. A beam of tungsten clusters, seeded in He gas, is produced in a pulsed laser vaporization source. We have studied the size-dependent reactivity of positive tungsten cluster ions with N 2 under single-collision conditions by using laser-vaporization source, low-pressure reaction cell and time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reaction probability with N 2 molecule was measured as a function of cluster size, W + 10-W + 50, for clusters produced at room temperature...     

X射线荧光光谱法测定加氢裂化催化剂中的钨和镍

介绍了X射线荧光光谱法测定加氢裂化催化剂中金属W和Ni含量的分析方法。考查了污染元素对W、Ni元素测定的影响,以氧化铝为载体配制标准样品,使标准样品与样品的基体基本一致,减少了基体效应的影响。待测元素的线性范围分别为:Ni 0.5%—5%;W 10%—30%,相关系数均为0.9999,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1%。该方法的测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果相吻合。     

Electrochromic Variation of the Infrared Emissivity in Tungsten Oxide Compounds

The so-called plastic technology first developed for the Li-based batteries leads to a new flexible infrared modulator. Orthorhombic monohydrated tungsten oxide (o-WO³ · H₂O) is used as the active insertion element in the LiCoO₂/o-WO³ · H₂O system. To prevent its degradation under air moisture, the device is protected with hermetic plastic and a window. Measurements of the reflectivity values indicate a very good contrast between the bleached and colored states for the first insertion (about 50% contrast in the 2.5–15 μm range), but the contrast between the inserted and de-inserted states is only about 30%. Optical properties follow quite well Drude mechanism.