环戊-2-烯酮的研究Ⅰ.环戊-2-烯酮与醛反应的区域选择及非对映立体选择性

本文系统研究了环戊-2-烯酮在碱性条件下与醛类的羟醛缩合反应,并通过结构及过渡状态的分析,解释了所得的这类反应的区域及非对映立体选择性.     

2-烷基环戊-2-烯酮的简便合成新方法

2-位取代的环戊-2-烯酮是一类重要的有机合成中间体,它们的合成方法虽然已有不少文献报道,但大都路线较长,原料难得,条件苛刻且收率较低.本文报道一个以环戊二烯为原料,仅两步反应合成2-烷基环戊-2-烯酮的简便新方法. 以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为相转移催化剂,环戊二烯在氢氧化钾作用下与卤代烷在固-液相条件下反应,可方便地得到相应的烷基取代环戊二烯,主要为1-位和2-位烷基取代异构体的混合物.通过该方法制备烷基环戊二烯较之采用钠氨于液氨中反应的通常制备方法更可取.烷基环戊二烯进一步于甲醇中经溴代及酸性水解后,即可得到2-烷基环     

烃基硅铜酸盐与2-芳基-2-环烯酮1,4-加成反应的立体选择性及2-取代- 3-硅基环烷酮的合成

研究了烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-环烯酮的1,4-加成反应的立体选择性, 并合成了一系列新的2-取代-3-硅基环烷酮. 结果表明, 在0 ℃下用饱和NH₄Cl溶液处理, 烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-芳基-2-环烯酮的1,4-加成反应的立体选择性不同程度地受芳基和环的大小影响, 得到顺、反两种产物; 并首次发现室温下用甲醇处理反应时, 其立体选择性不受或者很少受环大小、芳基的性质以及与硅原子相连的取代基的影响, 只得到反式产物. 芳基溴甲烷与由烷基苯基硅铜酸盐与2-环烯酮1,4-加成所得的烯醇盐反应时, 只得到反式产物. 合成产物的结构用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS和HRMS等进行了表征.     

2 ,2-二取代-1,3-环戊二酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应

研究了 2 ,2 -二取代 - 1 ,3-环戊二酮的Baeyer_Villiger氧化反应 ,合成了 4个新的 5,5-二取代 - 4-氧代 -δ -内酯 ,它们的结构通过IR、1 HNMR和元素分析予以确定。     

Ⅰ.新的2-取代环戊-2-烯酮的合成和茉莉酮类化合物的合成 Ⅱ.钩吻素子合成的研究

在第一部份的工作中,作者发现了一条新的2-取代环戊-2-烯酮的合成路线。自环戊二烯出发,以聚氧乙烯类衍生物为相转移催化剂,固体氢氧化钾为碱,制得一系列取代环戊二烯;将烷基取代环戊二烯在甲醇溶液中与溴加成后接着酸性水解,得到纯度为95％以上的2-取代环戊-2-烯酮。检测并讨论了反应中间体和产物的生成机理,对戊基取代环戊二烯的     

(R)-3,3-二甲基-2-羟基-4-氧代丁酸乙酯的不对称合成

研究了异丁醛与乙醛酸乙酯不对称羟醛缩合反应合成(R)-3,3-二甲基-2-羟基-4-氧代丁酸乙酯,考察了催化剂种类及用量、反应时间、反应溶剂对羟醛缩合反应的影响。确定较佳反应条件为:L-组氨酸作催化剂,用量为乙醛酸乙酯物质的量的30%,乙二醇为溶剂,反应时间24h。(R)-3,3-二甲基-2-羟基-4-氧代丁酸乙酯的收率达75%,ee值为73%。产物结构经1H NMR,GC-MS进行了表征。     

2-(2-甲基烯丙基)-3-(3-甲基-1,2-丁二烯基)环己-2-烯酮重排生成八元环化合物反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法研究了2-(2-甲基丙烯基)-3-(3-甲基-1,2-丁二烯基)环己-2-烯酮重排生成八元环化合物在气相中的反应机理. 考虑了两条可能的反应途径: 途径1包含5个过程, 途径2包含两个过程. 从能量上看, 两条途径的决定速度步均是[1,5]氢迁移. 采用自洽反应场极化连续模型(PCM模型)和极化导体模型(CPCM模型)研究了反应体系在甲苯溶液中的溶剂效应. 结果表明, 气相和溶液中途径2均是较优途径, 并且甲苯对该反应的溶剂化效应不明显. 理论研究结果与实验观察结果一致, 并很好地解释了有关实验现象.     

经由α-羰基烯酮环二硫代缩醛的取代-环合芳构化及分解反应

本文报道了芳香族α-羰基烯酮环二硫代缩醛与 2-甲基烯丙基Grignard试剂的1,2-加成产物在酸催化下的取代-环合芳构化反应及分解反应. 探讨了亲核试剂体积, 缩醛基结构对取代-环合芳构化反应活性的影响.     

环状烯酮与环状1-氮杂二烯的非对映及对映选择性[4+2]环加成反应

有机胺能催化环状烯酮化合物在多个位点发生不对称合成反应. 最近,我们发展了手性伯胺催化β-取代2-环戊烯酮与从糖精衍生的1-氮杂二烯的α’,γ-区域选择性的[5+3]形式环加成反应. 这里我们将报道采用β-取代2-环己烯酮或β-未取代2-环戊烯酮时,在手性伯胺催化下却与相同1-氮杂二烯发生完全不同的α’,β-区域选择性的不对称[4+2]环加成反应,生成高度官能团化的手性[2.2.2]或[2.2.1]桥环骨架结构. 重要的是利用不同类型的手性伯胺催化剂能够实现非对映选择性的反转,分别制备高立体选择性的endo-或exo-环加成产物.     

2-(6′-甲氧羰基己基)环戊-2-烯酮的新合成方法

以环戊二烯为起始原料,制得6-乙氧羰基己基环戊二烯,后者在甲醇溶液中与溴作用后经酸性水解,得到2-(6＇-甲氧羰基己基)环戊-2-烯酮。     

Syntheses of the terpenoid precursors cyclopent-2-enone and cyclohex-2-enone diesters

Summary Two reaction pathways were elaborated for the practical and convenient synthesis of the title compounds. The first route applies a bromination-dehydrobromination sequence to introduce the double bond into 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxocycloalkylacetic and propionic esters (4a–c,7a,b). The application of 2,6-lutidine for dehydrobromination of -bromocycloalkanones diesters (5a–c,8a,b) provides sufficient selectivity to carry out this step without affecting the sensitive ester group. Alternative pathways, involvingMichael reaction of diethyl 2-acetylsuccinate or -glutarate with acrolein and subsequent intramolecular aldol condensation, are presented in the case of cyclohex-2-enone derivatives2a,b.

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Zusammenfassung Für praktische und bequeme Synthesen der Titelverbindungen werden zwei Reaktionswege präsentiert. Der erste Weg basiert auf einer Bromierungs-Dehydrobromierungs-Sequenz zur Einführung der Doppelbindung in die 1-Alkoxykarbonyl-2-oxocycloalkylessig- und-propionsäureester (4a–c,7a,b). Die Anwendung von 2,6-Lutidin zur Dehydrobromierung der -Bromocycloalkanone-diester (5a–c,8a,b) sichert die ausreichende Selektivität, ohne die empfindlichen Estergruppen anzugreifen. Im Falle der Cyclohex-2-enon-Derivate (2a,b) zeigen wir einen alternativen Weg, der auf derMichael-Reaktion von Diethyl-2-acetyl-succinat bzw. -glutarat mit Acrolein basiert; die anschließende intramolekulare Aldol-Kondensation liefert die Zielprodukte.

     

Formation of halogenated cyclopent-2-enone derivatives by interrupted Nazarov cyclizations

Allenyl vinyl ketones were exposed to titanium and indium halides in order to carry out Nazarov cyclizations. Whereas TiI₄ and InX₃ (X = Cl, Br, and I) led to cyclopentenones in which a halogen was trapped highly regioselectively, the reactions mediated by TiBr₄ gave mixtures of brominated isomers. When the allenyl vinyl ketones were treated first with Br₂ and then with TiBr₄, doubly brominated cyclopentenones resulted, and treatment with I₂ followed by TFA gave cyclopentenones bearing both hydroxyl and iodo groups.     

Studies on cyclopent-2-enone——Ⅱ.The diastereoselectivity in Lewis acid mediated reactions of enol silyl ether of cyclopent-2-enone with aldehydes

The aldol reaction of the silyl enol ether of cyclopent-2-enone with aldehydes is mediatedby various Lewis acids.Threo isomers are the major diastereoisomers formed in most cases.A reversediastereoselectivity was observed when the reaction was mediated by TBAF.The results have beendiscussed in detail by structure and transition state analysis.     

Organocatalysts of tertiary-phosphines and amines catalyzed reactions of α-keto esters with cyclopent-2-enone

The reaction of α-keto esters with cyclopent-2-enone catalyzed by tertiary-phosphines provides the corresponding Baylis-Hillman adducts. Among the catalysts, diphenylmethylphosphine was found to be the most effective promoter allowing the reaction to proceed smoothly at room temperature and to give the corresponding adducts in higher yields in the presence of p-nitrophenol. Whereas, the similar reaction of α-keto esters with cyclopent-2-enone catalyzed by tertiary-amine of DBU furnishes the corresponding aldol adducts with syn-configuration exclusively.     

4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物作为荧光探针的应用

介绍了近年来4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(AP)类荧光探针在主-客体化学、金属离子测定、溶剂化动力学及各种有序分子聚集体(如胶束、反胶束)性质研究方面的进展。     

Primary processes in photochemistry of 2,3-bis(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-2-enone

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桥环菁染料II:1-(N-烷基-4-吡啶基)-3-(N-烷基-4-吡啶亚基)-4,5-二取代-1,4-环戊二烯菁染料的合成和质子化及荧光性质研究

本文报道带有疏水长链的桥环菁染料的合成。并研究这类菁染料的质子化过程和平衡常数、取代效应, 以及胶束、糖淀粉和环糊精对染料的可见光谱及质子化过程的影响, 本文也考察了桥环菁染料的荧光光谱, 这些研究在理论上和实际应用有一定意义。     

New multifunctional chiral phosphines and BINOL derivatives co-catalyzed enantioselective aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction of 5,5-disubstituted cyclopent-2-enone and N-sulfonated imines

New multifunctional chiral phosphine (phosphine-amide type) and BINOL derivative co-catalyzed asymmetric aza-MBH reaction of 5,5-disubstituted cyclopent-2-enones with N-sulfonated imines afforded the corresponding optically active adducts in good to outstanding yields with moderate to good ee's under mild conditions. The steric hindrance environment of BINOL derivatives as well as the nucleophilicity of the phosphorus center and the acidity of free OH which could significantly affect the stereochemical and chemical outcomes had been discussed, indicating the co-catalyzed system is very important to this particular asymmetric aza-MBH reaction.     

Synthesis of A novel Bridged Bis(β-cyclodextrin)s Possessing Phenanthroline Tether and Its Molecular Binding Ability with Dyes

A novel β-cyclodextrin dimer bearing 2,9-diformyl-1,10-phenanthroline tether 4 has been synthesized and its inclusion complexation behavior with two triangular model substrates (RhB and BG) has been investigated through fluorescence and ultraviolet spectrometry.The result obtained indicated that novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)s could significantly cnhance the original molccular binding ability of native β-cyclodextrin by cooperative binding of two hydrophobic cavities.     

Room-temperature phosphorescence,sensitized phosphorescence and fluorescence of licit and illicit drugs enhanced by organized media

The ability of microscopically organized media, in the form of surfactant micelles and α- and β-cyclodextrins, to enhance the luminescence phenomena of several licit and illicit drugs is discussed. Because physiological samples are not often amenable to direct spectrometric measurements without pretreatment, the applicability of these organized media to liquid chromatography is also considered. Fluorescence enhancements for certain hallucinogenic drugs such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline and ibogaine are seen in cyclodextrin media compared to conventional, homogeneous solutions. Heavy-atom substituted sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles induce phosphorescence from cationic and/or hydrophobic drugs at room temperature in fluid solution; drugs such as propranolol, diflunisal, naphalozine, and selected quinoline derivatives can be determined conveniently. Sensitized phosphorescence is observed for several drugs including brethine, cocaine, didrate, estradiol, meprobarbital, methaqualone, phenobarbital, and sulfanilamide; it can be enhanced markedly when micellar solutions are used as the solvent. The energy-transfer step is facilitated by the organizing ability of the micelle; limits of detection can be decreased by over two orders of magnitude compared to homogeneous solvents. Sensitized phosphorescence can also be measured in cyclodextrin solutions, but the detectability is inferior to that in micellar media. Which form of organized medium is superior for determination of drugs is discussed.