适用于探地雷达应用的低振铃单周期脉冲发生器

设计了一种新型的适用于道路检测探地雷达的单周期脉冲发生器。该脉冲发生器包含驱动电路、阶跃恢复二极管(SRD)脉冲形成电路和脉冲整形电路三部分。驱动电路可以使TTL形式的触发脉冲变为电流更大的快前沿脉冲,用来形成给后级电路的驱动脉冲;SRD脉冲产生电路选取渡越时间较小的阶跃恢复二极管结构,通过对前级电路产生的驱动脉冲整形得到负极性高斯脉冲,然后利用微带短路线、肖特基二极管和电容并联实现生成单周期脉冲和振铃抑制的功能,提高超宽带天线辐射的效率以及测量信噪比。测量结果表明,在1 MHz脉冲重复频率的情况下,峰峰值最大为23 V,脉冲半高宽为138 ps,振铃水平为1.25%,而当脉冲重复频率提高到5 MHz,该脉冲发生器产生脉冲波形幅度和带宽基本没有太大变化。这些特征说明,该脉冲发生器具有很高的频率稳定性,且在高分辨率探测应用情景中将会有很好的表现。     

Study of nonlinear propagation of chirped optical pulses in laser amplifying medium

In chirped pulse amplification, the amplification of an optical pulse in laser amplifying medium is a very important link. After considering dispersion, Kerr nonlinear effect, gain distribution and loss of the medium, the physical model that the optical pulse propagates in the medium has been established, which is suitable for the general situation where the optical pulse propagates in the amplifying medium. Using a split-step Fourier method, the propagation state of a chirped optical pulse in the amplifying medium has been numerically simulated, and the influences of the gain dispersion of the medium and the frequency detuning of the pulse on the optical pulse have been discussed emphatically. The results show that, with the amplification and propagation of the ultrashort chirped pulse in the amplifying medium, gain saturation and Kerr nonlinear effect of the medium will cause distortion of the optical pulse. For the optical pulse with a wideband spectrum, gain dispersion will cause the gain narrowing effect, so it is equivalent to a loss mechanism. The frequency detuning of the optical pulse will cause distortion of the pulse, which can be used to weaken the impact of gain saturation, thus reshaping the optical pulse.     

整形高功率激光装置的任意电脉冲发生器设计(英文)

基于GaAs场效应管电压控制电流和开关的特性,设计了一种任意电脉冲发生器,并成功应用于激光脉冲整形装置。该电脉冲发生器利用超宽带窄脉冲触发多个GaAs场效应管,产生多路负脉冲,通过模拟延时线依次将各路负脉冲延迟一定时间后经微带线耦合输出多路负脉冲叠加的波形;通过多路不同幅度的脉冲堆积效应来获得形状任意可调的整形电脉冲。为了满足惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中对电脉冲幅度不能过小的要求,在电路的输出端接入增益可调的超宽带电压放大器,使脉冲幅度达到实验要求。利用设计的任意电脉冲发生器实现了脉冲幅度0～5 V可调、脉宽0～10ns可调、时域调节精度为330 ps,整形方波脉冲下降沿为330 ps、上升沿为240 ps。实验结果表明,将产生的电脉冲注入光波导调制器,可获得理想形状的整形激光脉冲,提高激光脉冲的输出能量。     

一种高双折射光子晶体光纤中的脉冲俘获分析

数值模拟分析了一种新型高双折射光子晶体光纤中的脉冲俘获现象,以及泵浦脉冲入射条件对脉冲俘获效果的影响机理.结果表明：泵浦脉冲和信号脉冲处于零色散点附近,且分别处于光子晶体光纤的反常和正常色散区,其走离参量的数值小于10－12 s/m时,可以实现脉冲俘获|泵浦脉冲和信号脉冲的时域中心延迟对泵浦脉冲光谱红移量和信号脉冲光谱蓝移量影响很小,但时域中心延迟越大,信号脉冲的输出频谱越窄,俘获效果越差|提高泵浦脉冲峰值功率,可明显增大泵浦脉冲光谱红移量和信号脉冲光谱蓝移量,为实现不同波长范围的全光开关提供了条件|泵浦脉冲半宽度越大,泵浦脉冲频谱越宽,信号脉冲频谱越窄,俘获效果越不明显.     

全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统

报道一种可精确同步输出宽带啁啾脉冲、纳秒级整形脉冲以及窄带光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲的全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统.采用掺镱光纤锁模激光器和掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器作为系统的光源,将掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲分束啁啾展宽至0.9ns后,一路进行放大产生10μJ量级的宽带啁啾脉冲为高能拍瓦激光器系统提供种子光脉冲,另一路通过1.2nm滤波产生140ps的基元脉冲,通过光纤堆积器产生可编程整形的2.3ns脉冲,再经过放大达到10μJ量级,提供任意整形的压缩脉冲.同时,将部分掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲进行光电转换并锁相后,产生与锁模超短脉冲高精度同步的电脉冲用于触发幅度调制器,将掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器输出的连续光削波放大,产生光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲.该系统能够根据物理实验的需要,非常灵活地在输出各种脉冲之间做出选择.     

高功率钕玻璃啁啾脉冲放大系统光谱整形

增益窄化效应限制了啁啾脉冲放大系统输出的最短脉冲宽度,需要对注入放大系统的种子啁啾脉冲进行光谱整形,以保证放大后的啁啾脉冲光具有足够的带宽并满足特定的光谱分布.理论上假定放大后啁啾脉冲的光谱分布为高斯分布或超高斯分布,对"百焦耳级钕玻璃啁啾脉冲放大系统"进行逆运算.研究发现,所需种子啁啾光的能量、带宽以及压缩后脉冲的信噪比都与该分布密切相关.通过光谱整形,使放大后的啁啾脉冲光的光谱分布为二阶超高斯分布.能够获得小于400 fs高信噪比的超短脉冲输出,此时所需种子啁啾脉冲能量仅为33μJ,带宽14 nm,在装置前级注入能力的范围之内.为百焦耳装置光谱整形实验的开展提供了理论指导.     

Switching Dynamic Analysis for Twin-Core Fibre Coupler Using Supermode Theory

Characteristics of optical switching in a twin-core fibre coupler are numerically analysed under short pulse input by using supermode theory. The dynamic nonlinear coupled superlnode equations are derived, The numerical results show that the input pulse width determines the power transfer and the pulse temporal profile in the output ports. The optimal switching characteristics can be obtained by selecting an appropriate initial pulse width. In addition, the switching characteristic curves are insensitive to the input pulse shape for either fundamental soliton pulse or Gaussian pulse input, but sensitive to pulse sharpness. A reduced switching power and a sharper switching transition can be obtained by using the sharp super-Gaussian pulse.     

Measurement of pulse width and amplitude jitter noises of gigahertz optical pulse trains by time-domain demodulation

We propose a technique for measuring both pulse width and amplitude jitter noises of high-repetition-rate optical pulse trains and the cross correlation between these noises as well. The technique is based on time-domain amplitude demodulation of three harmonic components of the detected pulse train. We applied this technique to characterize noises of a gigahertz optical pulse train generated by an actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. Correlation between pulse width jitter and pulse amplitude jitter was observed at low frequencies in this laser. Unlike relaxation oscillation noise, low-frequency noise is free from pulse energy jitter. Owing to its ability to measure pulse width jitter in addition to amplitude and phase jitters, this technique is of great interest for characterizing noises of a wide variety of optical pulse train sources.     

Carrier-envelope phase dependence of few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse propagation in a polar molecule medium

We theoretically investigate carrier-envelope phase dependence of few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse propagation in a polar molecule medium. Our results show that a soliton pulse can be generated during the two-photon resonant propagation of few-cycle pulse in the polar molecule medium. Moreover, the main features of the soliton pulse, such as pulse duration and intensity, depend crucially on the carrier-envelope phase of the incident pulse, which could be utilized to determine the carrier-envelope phase of a few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse from a mode-locked oscillator.     

The study of the wake field effects on the self-focusing and the compression of the laser pulse in plasma at the relativistic regime by Lagrangian method

The trial function in the variational-Lagrangian method is a fundamental method to explain the essential features of the laser pulse evolution in the plasma. Self-focusing behavior and compression of the laser pulse in plasma are analyzed, for both low and high intensity regimes. It is shown that the compression threshold depends on both pulse intensity and pulse length. In particular, in both regimes, the compression threshold is directly proportional to the pulse length. This is while this threshold is directly, in the linear regime, and inversely, in the nonlinear regime, proportional to pulse intensity. In the present work, the existence of oscillations is revealed, with a behavior akin to laser pulse width. Finally, the effects of pulse intensity, pulse length, and plasma density on compression are analyzed.     

基于脉冲形成线充电的脉冲压缩技术

利用脉冲压缩技术,将具有一定初始电压的高阻抗长脉冲形成线对低阻抗短脉冲形成线充电到一定值时,其输出开关导通,在其后的传输线上可以产生高功率短脉冲。给出了脉冲压缩理论分析;前级脉冲驱动源采用GW级纳秒脉冲形成线,其特性阻抗为40Ω、电长度为3.9ns,输出脉冲宽度约8ns;研制了与前级脉冲驱动源匹配的脉冲压缩装置和变阻抗传输线,考虑到脉冲压缩装置低阻抗形成线绝缘击穿和开关导通限制,选取脉压装置形成线特性阻抗6.5Ω、电长度0.5ns。利用GW级纳秒脉冲驱动源开展了脉冲压缩实验,得到了输出功率增益达4倍左右的脉宽1.5ns高功率短脉冲,输出脉冲功率增益与理论值基本相符。     

Soliton mechanism of acoustic pulse frequency conversion to the red region

Self-scattering of a transverse acoustic pulse from a longitudinal strain video pulse (induced by an acoustic pulse) in a paramagnetic crystal in a magnetic field is predicted. This effect is accompanied by a continuous frequency shift of the hypersonic pulse to the red region; this shift is proportional to the pulse intensity.     

Pulse Slippage of Resonant Third Harmonic Generation in Electron-Hole Plasma

Effect of pulse slippage on resonant third harmonic generation of a short pulse laser in electron-hole plasma in the presence of wiggler magnetic field has been investigated. The group velocity mismatch of the third harmonic pulse and the fundamental pulse is significant in electron hole plasma. As the third harmonic pulse has higher group velocity than that of fundamental pulse, therefore, it moves faster than the fundamental pulse. It gets slipped out of the domain of fundamental pulse and its amplitude saturates. Phase matching condition is satisfied by applying wiggler magnetic field,which provides additional angular momentum to the third harmonic photon to make the process resonant. Enhancement in the efficiency of third harmonic generation of an intense short pulse laser in electron-hole plasma embedded with a magnetic wiggler is seen.     

大功率半导体激光泵浦固体激光器脉冲电源设计

介绍一种大功率半导体激光泵浦固体激光器(DPSSL)脉冲驱动电源的设计电路及其控制方法。根据半导体激光器的工作特性,采用前级电容充电电路与后级脉冲电流产生电路相结合的电路结构。由于LCC谐振电路具有软开关特性和抗负载短路、开路的能力,又能够实现对储能电容恒流充电的功能,因此其适合做为脉冲电源中储能电容的充电电路;后级脉冲电流产生电路选择大功率MOSFET做为主控器件,利用MOSFET饱和区的漏极电流可控性,通过栅极电压控制产生负载脉冲电流。控制部分采用模拟与数字相结合的控制方式,使脉冲电源控制更加灵活,引入脉冲电流指令给定积分器,可以更有效地控制脉冲电流上升过程,抑制电流过冲,提高控制精度,使脉冲驱动电源产生类似矩形波的大功率脉冲电流。搭建了脉冲功率为28 kW的实验平台,实验达到的指标:脉冲电流幅值80 A,脉冲电压350 V,脉冲宽度100 μs,重复频率100 Hz。     

Wave-breaking-extended fiber supercontinuum generation for high compression ratio transform-limited pulse compression

Wave-breaking often occurs when a short intense optical pulse propagates in a long normally dispersive optical fiber. This effect has conventionally been avoided in fiber (super-)continuum-based pulse compression because the accumulated frequency chirp of the output pulse cannot be fully compensated by a standard prism (or grating) pair. Thus, the spectral extending capability of the wave-breaking has not been utilized to shorten the compressed pulse. We demonstrate that wave-breaking-free operation is not necessary if a 4f pulse shaper-based compressor is employed to remove both the linear and nonlinear chirp of the output pulse. By propagating a 180 fs (FWHM) input pulse in a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber beyond the wave-breaking limit, we compress the wave-breaking-extended supercontinuum output pulse to the bandwidth-limited duration of 6.4 fs (FWHM). The combination of high compression ratio (28×) and short pulse width represents a significant improvement over that attained in the wave-breaking-free regime.     

60 fs长脉宽双色场作用下孤立阿秒脉冲的产生

通过数值求解一维含时Schrödinger方程,研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子相互作用产生的高次谐波和阿秒(as)脉冲.这里的双色激光脉冲由一束基频钛宝石主脉冲与另一束红外附加脉冲构成.研究发现,当合成脉冲的脉宽选为12 fs时, 选取合适的附加脉冲波长,合成电场的振幅在始末端时间段能被大幅抑制, 仅中间部分的电场对谐波谱平台区和截止位置起主要贡献. 通过分析合成脉冲电场始末端时间段抑制的机理,进一步扩展了合成脉冲脉宽到60 as, 并得到160 as的孤立短脉冲.这是迄今为止在孤立阿秒脉冲产生研究中所采用的最长脉宽. 该方案中的合成脉冲等效于单一5 fs短脉冲的作用, 却克服了5 fs脉冲低输出能量导致的阿秒脉冲能量低的困难.     

三角形光脉冲在正色散光纤中产生的实验研究

利用一种无源非线性脉冲整形方法, 实现了在普通正色散(ND)光纤中产生三角形光脉冲, 此方法依赖于脉冲预啁啾和脉冲在ND光纤中传输时群速度色散与自相位调制的相互作用. 实验研究表明, 在较宽的脉冲预啁啾值范围内, 通过优化脉冲输入功率和脉冲传输的ND光纤长度, 均可得到典型的三角形光脉冲: 脉冲时域形状前后沿的变化率接近恒定、整个脉冲具有线性频率啁啾. 另外, 在不同的脉冲预啁啾下, 要得到高质量的三角形光脉冲, 均需要较高的脉冲输入功率; 并且脉冲预啁啾较大时, 三角形脉冲的形成对ND光纤长度和脉冲输入功率有较大的容差, 易获得三角形光脉冲.     

负折射介质中三阶非线性色散项对超短脉冲传输的影响

采用分步傅里叶法研究了三阶非线性色散项对超短脉冲传输的影响.通过模拟数值计算得出,在德鲁德模型频率选取的一定范围内,三阶非线性色散项对超短脉冲传输所造成的影响是不可忽略的.结果表明:三阶非线性色散项系数取负值时,在正常色散区超短脉冲不对称展宽,脉冲中心向前沿偏移;在零色散点超短脉冲不对称展宽程度加剧并在脉冲前沿形成振荡,脉冲中心向前沿偏移;在反常色散区超短脉冲不对称变窄,脉冲中心仍向前沿偏移.     

SPECTRUM OF A FEW-CYCLE LASER PULSE PROPAGATING IN A TWO-LEVEL ATOM MEDIUM

The spectrum evolution of a few-cycle optical pulse in a resonant two-level atom medium is studied theoretically by using the full Maxwell--Bloch equations. On the propagating pulse, significantly much faster oscillation components separated with the main pulse appear due to strong self-phase modulation and pulse reshaping. In this case, ideal self-induced transparency cannot occur for a 2π pulse. The spectrum of the 4π pulse shows an evident oscillatory feature because of the continuum interference of the separate pulses. For larger pulse areas, continuum generation from near ultraviolet to infrared occurs.     

Distortion of ultrashort laser pulses in a spatial filter

By means of Collins diffraction integral, the propagation expression of an ultrashort laser pulse passing through a spatial filter is derived. The effects of the magnification of spatial filter on pulse broadening and distortion of pulse-front for the ultrashort optical pulse are analytically deduced and numerically simulated. It is found that pulse broadening and propagation time difference of a laser pulse getting through spatial filter is proportional to the magnification. As a conclusion, in an ultrashort pulse laser system with a large aperture, the effect of pulse broadening and distortion of pulse-front should be considered.