新稀土半金属材料MnLa_2O_4的电子结构

使用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,预言了具有立方尖晶石结构的ⅡA型新稀土半金属材料MnLa_2O_4.MnLa_2O_4的分子磁矩为5.0μB,高于Fe_3O_4.MnLa_2O_4的居里温度和半金属稳定性高于Fe_3O_4.MnLa_2O_4中A位过渡离子和B位稀土离子间存在弱铁磁性耦合.MnLa_2O_4中过渡离子的3d轨道因较强的晶体场作用发生分裂,导致一种自旋的3d子带处于费米面附近并与O配体形成杂化轨道,而另一种则高于费米面形成空带,从而导致了能带的自旋极化和半金属性的出现.La离子没有4f电子,虽然它与O配体也有杂化轨道,但La离子对材料的磁性没有任何贡献.     

Y_(0.125)Ca_(0.875)MnO_3体系的输运性质与铁磁自旋玻璃行为研究

研究了类稀土锰氧化物Y0.125Ca0.875MnO3的输运性质和磁特性。结果表明,外加磁场对体系的电输运性能有较大影响,在低温时样品表现出磁电阻效应。在外磁场的诱导下,随温度的降低,体系发生了明显的绝缘-金属(I-M)相变,并且在25K出现了类近藤现象。热磁测量表明零场冷(ZFC)和场冷(FC)的磁化强度曲线在118K出现分叉现象。测量了不同频率下的升降温过程的交流磁化率,结果显示在108K附近出现自旋玻璃态。     

ErFeO3单晶反常负磁化和补偿温度点性研究

通过光学浮区法生长了直径为6mm,长度约为75mm的晶体,结构分析表明实验样品呈单相的正交钙钛矿结构,并通过劳厄定向仪对ErFeO3晶体进行了定向.系统测量了ErFeO3晶体a,c方向的热磁曲线和不同温度下的磁化曲线.结果表明,随着温度的降低,在98～86K范围该体系经历了从Г4(Gx,Fz)相到Г2(Gz,Fx)相的自旋重取向转变.在ErFeO3体系中,由于Er离子磁矩反平行于Fe离子磁矩分子场,在46K附近,在a方向上Er的反向磁矩大于Fe离子磁矩,导致出现负磁化和磁化补偿点现象.随着外加测量场的增强,a轴向上的负磁化被抑制,补偿温度点向高温移动.     

La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3(x=0～0.335)的反常负磁化行为研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3(x=0~0.335)多晶样品,并研究其磁性.La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3的奈尔温度随掺钙量的增加而降低,在零场冷却模式下外加磁场为10Oe时,La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3样品的磁化率-温度曲线均出现负磁化现象,这是该体系中负磁化现象的首次报道.La_(0.665)Ca_(0.335)CrO_3在50K下的磁化率数值远高于其他样品,且其负磁化行为随着外场强度增大而被抑制,说明体系可能同时存在铁磁性相与抗磁性相,外加磁场较低时,铁磁信号被抑制,呈现出温度依赖的负磁化行为;外加磁场较高时,铁磁性信号与负磁性信号叠加,呈现出反铁磁转变特性.     

取向Pr2Fe14B与Nd2Fe14B多晶磁化曲线的计算

基于单离子晶场模型 ,提出了计算稀土 Fe(Co)金属间化合物取向多晶样品磁化曲线的方法 .用此方法计算了取向Pr2 Fe14 B和Nd2 Fe14 B多晶的高场磁化曲线 ,计算中使用了拟合化合物单晶磁化曲线得到的交换场与晶场参数 .计算曲线与实验曲线相符合 .     

Y_(1-x)Gd_xCrO_3(x=0～0.3)的负磁化和磁化反转行为研究（英文）

用固相反应法制备了Y1-xGdxCrO3和YCrO3多晶样品,并对样品的磁特性进行了研究.100Oe的场冷和零场冷热磁曲线均出现了负磁化及磁化反转行为.这一行为来自于Gd3+和Cr3+的反铁磁相互作用且可以用Gd3+的顺磁效应来解释.随着冷却场的增大,场冷负磁化行为逐渐被抑制,当冷却场与拟合所得的内场大小一致时,负磁化行为消失.也就是说,当外场小于内场时,负磁化行为将会出现,反之则消失.     

Dy_(0.9)Sm_(0.1)FeO_3单晶中的自旋组态和磁化翻转效应

我们用光学浮区法生长了稀土正铁氧体Dy_(0.9)Sm_(0.1)FeO_3(DSFO)单晶,并通过劳厄衍射法确定了单晶样品的方向.对DSFO单晶的磁性研究表明:在DyFeO_3中掺杂10%的Sm后,体系的自旋重取向转变温度从51 K(DyFeO_3)降低到9 K,而且相变过程变成了由Γ_4到Γ_(42)再到Γ_1.在12—300 K区间DSFO处于Γ_4组态,沿c方向Fe离子磁晶格有一个净的磁矩和一个由它诱导的稀土离子的净磁矩.稀土磁矩和Fe磁矩之间本征地反平行耦合,但一个较小的磁场可以改变反平行耦合到平行耦合.在场冷降温模式下的磁化-温度曲线测试中,我们发现在不同的磁场下磁化曲线会在不同的位置发生跳变;这一现象由稀土磁矩和Fe磁矩之间的平行反平行转变导致,有望作为特定条件下的自旋开关而应用于自旋电子学器件中.     

大功率磁控管用新型Y2Hf2O7陶瓷阴极研究

为了提高大功率磁控管的输出功率,延长其使用寿命,首次采用稀土氧化物Y2O3和过渡金属氧化物热发射测试结果显示该阴极在1300,1350,1400,1450,1500,1550,1600℃br亮度温度,300 V阳极电压下即可分别提供0.15,0.2,0.5,1.1,1.8,2.5,3.5 A/cm2的发射电流密度.利用理查森直线法求得该阴极的绝对零度逸出功为1.26 eV,理查森-道舒曼公式法求得该阴极在1450,1500,1550,1600℃br亮度温度下的有效逸出功分别为3.10,3.15,3.21,3.26 eV.寿命实验结果显示,该阴极在工作温度为1400℃br,直流负载为0.5 A/cm2的条件下,寿命超过4000 h.最后,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪、俄歇电子能谱仪以及结合氩离子刻蚀技术的深度俄歇能谱仪等分别对该阴极活性物质的分子结构,阴极表面微观形貌、元素成分及含量等进行了研究.结果表明,高温烧结合成了单一的铪酸钇物相,高温烧结过程中当一种Y3+价稀土氧化物Y2O3掺入Hf4+价的过渡金属氧化物HfO2时,会发生离子置换固溶,为了保持铪酸钇晶格的电中性,晶格中就会产生一个氧空位.当阴极在激活、老练、热发射测试时,会加速氧空位的生成,产生的氧空位越多,阴极表面导电性就会越好,这间接降低了逸出功,从而提高了阴极的热发射能力.     

Co替代La2／3Ca1／3Mn0．9Co0．1O3输运特性和双峰效应的研究

系统研究了Mn位替代的La2/3Ca2/3Mn0.9Co0.1O3的电输运特性和磁诱导行为,这里替代Co离子的多价态对应有多重的自旋态变化.发现了存在于Co替代La2/3Ca1/3Mn0.9Co0.1O3电输运行为上的双峰效应,具体表现为除了居里温度Tc附近电阻-温度曲线的金属-绝缘(M-I)转变行为(TMIH约为182K)以外,在低温区域电输运行为出现二次性的类M-I转变现象(TMIL乱约为124K).通过对外加磁场下输运特性的研究表明,随外加磁场的增加,电阻-温度曲线整体呈现降低行为,即表现为负的磁电阻效应;同时,高温区峰值温度TMIH向高温区移动,这与传统CMR锰氧化物M-I转变特性完全一致;而低温峰值温度了TMIL则几乎不变,即TMIL表现出某种磁场无关的特征.结合样品磁特性测量结果,我们发现,除了场冷(FC)和零场冷(ZFC)曲线的分叉现象可能证明Co替代诱导Mn位的磁无序而导致体系出现不均匀的铁磁/反铁磁(FM/AFM)团簇外,在低温峰值温度TMIL乱附近没有观察到磁性异常变化.对照对Cu和Cr等相关体系的类似研究,证明这种低温二次M-I转变可能与Co替代导致体系的氧缺陷有关.     

稀土合金RCo5中稀土离子的磁晶各向异性

利用单粒子点电荷模型研究了RCo5中一系列稀土离子,包括轻离子Pr3+,Nd3+和重离子Tb3+,Dy3+,Er3+的磁晶各向异性.计算分析表明过渡族元素对晶场的贡献和晶场高阶项不可忽略,虑及过渡族元素和晶场高阶项对晶场的贡献后,得到的各稀土离子的磁晶各向异性常数及其随温度变化都与实验一致的结果,此结果还特别解释了以前不能解释的轻稀土离子Pr3+的易锥向取向.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.