光敏剂二苯甲酮在聚乙烯及其模型化合物光引发交联过程中的光…

本文用荧光、红外、质谱和Ｘ光衍射等技术对光敏剂二苯甲酮引发聚乙烯及其模型化合物正十二烷和异辛烷紫外光交联过程中的光解产物进行了检测和研究，并首次确定了ＢＰ在光引发聚乙烯交联体系中光解的主要产物为苯并哪醇，为ＢＰ光引发聚烯交联的机理提供了直接的实验证据。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理——Ⅰ.ND自旋捕捉ESR研究

本文使用2,3,5,6——四甲基亚硝基苯(ND)自旋捕捉ESR技术研究了由二苯甲酮(BP)光引发低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)交联自由基中间体。采用改变温度和熔融态检测到分辨得很好的氮氧自旋加合物自由基ESR谱的方法,鉴定了光引发LDPE交联前躯自由基主要为仲碳自由基,-CH_2-CH-CH_2-和叔碳自由基,由此可见,BP引发LDPE的光交联反应主要发生在仲碳和叔碳原子上。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理Ⅵ.模型化合物光交联点的13C NMR研究

用溶液高分辨¹³C NMR谱系统地研究了二本甲酮光引发低密度聚乙烯各种模型化合物(正烷烃,含有文化结构以及末端双键的化合物等)交联产生的H型和Y型交联点的结构和数目.定量研究结果表明:形成的交联点对模型化合物的种类有较大的依赖性;在正十二烷光交联过程中,H型和Y型交联点均可形成,且二者的产率相当;而在含有文化结构的模型化合物的文联过程中,形成H型和Y型交联点的产率与文化结构的空间位阻有关;对合末端双键的模型化合物,则在交联过程中双键被打开而形成Y型交联点.这些结果与低密度聚乙烯光引发交联体系中得到的结果相一致,为进一步阐明聚乙烯光交联点的结构及其形成机制提供了新的实验证据.     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理——Ⅱ.BNB自旋捕捉ESR研究

在光引发剂二苯甲酮(BP)存在下,紫外光辐照低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)所形成的自由基中间体已被自旋捕捉剂2,4,6-三特丁基亚硝基苯(BNB)所捕捉,其自旋加合物自由基已为电子自旋共振(ESR)所特征。现已检测和鉴定到二种自旋加合物:一种是叔碳自由基;另一种是仲碳自由基。它们分别是由BP的激发三重态从LDPE链的支化点和亚甲基团上夺氢所形成的自由基中间体同自旋捕捉剂BNB反应生成的。上述的证据表明:LDPE的光引发交联点主要发生在叔碳和仲碳原子上,且H-型交联点占主导地位。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理——Ⅱ.BNB自旋捕捉ESR研究(英文)

在光引发剂二苯甲酮(BP)存在下,紫外光辐照低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)所形成的自由基中间体已被自旋捕捉剂2,4,6-三特丁基亚硝基苯(BNB)所捕捉,其自旋加合物自由基已为电子自旋共振(ESR)所特征。现已检测和鉴定到二种自旋加合物:一种是叔碳自由基;另一种是仲碳自由基。它们分别是由BP的激发三重态从LDPE链的支化点和亚甲基团上夺氢所形成的自由基中间体同自旋捕捉剂BNB反应生成的。上述的证据表明:LDPE的光引发交联点主要发生在叔碳和仲碳原子上,且H-型交联点占主导地位。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理──Ⅵ．模型化合物光交联点的~（13）CNMR研究

用溶液高分辨１３ＣＮＭＲ谱系统地研究了二本甲酮光引发低密度聚乙烯各种模型化合物（正烷烃．含有文化结构以及末端双键的化合物等）交联产生的Ｈ型和Ｙ型交联点的结构和数目．定量研究结果表明：形成的交联点对模型化合物的种类有较大的依赖性；在正十二烷光交联过程中，Ｈ型和Ｙ型交联点均可形成．且二者的产率相当；而在含有文化结构的模型化合物的文联过程中．形成Ｈ型和Ｙ型交联点的产率与文化结构的空间位阻有关；对合末端双键的模型化合物．则在交联过程中双键被打开而形成Ｙ型交联点．这些结果与低密度聚乙烯光引发交联体系中得到的结果相一致，为进一步阐明聚乙烯光交联点的结构及其形成机制提供了新的实验证据．     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理Ⅲ.模型化合物n-C24H50的13C NMR研究

用溶液高分辨¹³C NMR谱首次研究了由二苯甲酮(BP)光引发低密度聚乙烯模型化合物直链烷烃n-C₂₄H₅₀交联所产生的H型交联点的结构特征.现已检测和鉴定了光交联样品中与H型交联点相联系的-CH,α-CH₂和β-CH₂上碳的共振谱线,其数据与H型交联点模型化合物、γ-辐射交联正烷烃和聚乙烯所得到的结果符合得很好.在40.83ppm处出现的一个新峰可指认为H型文联点的次甲碳,其相应的31.57和28.37ppm处的另外两个新峰分别指认为相邻的α-CH₂和β-CH₂上碳的共振.本工作中的定量研究表明:在真空和熔融态条件下莱外光照3-5min的样品中H型交联点的数目据估计为每10000个碳原子8.5~11.0个.     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理IV.H-和Y-型交联点结构的13C NMR研究

首次用溶液高分辨¹³C NMR研究了由二苯甲酮光引发低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)交联所产生的交联结构,现已观测和鉴定了H型和Y型长链支化两类交联点。对于熔融态紫外光交联5-10s的LDPE样品,其H型和Y型交联点的浓度据估测分别为一万个碳原子中有5.7-16.9和7.6-21.6个结构单元。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理

首次用溶液高分辨￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ研究了由二苯甲酮光引发低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）交联所产生的交联结构，现已观测和鉴定了Ｈ型和Ｙ型长链支化两类交联点。对于熔融态紫外光交联５－１０ｓ的ＬＤＰＥ样品，其Ｈ型和Ｙ型交联点的浓度据估测分别为一万个碳原子中有５．７－１６．９和７．６－２１．６个结构单元。     

基于光谱分析方法的光引发剂量子效率评估

基于光谱学和Beer-Lambert定律,提出了一种评估光引发剂量子效率的新模型和方法,并给出了有关的理论分析.研究通过增加曝光厚度的方法,测定了光引发剂1173(HMPP)曝光过程中的吸收光谱,根据吸收光谱的特征峰值随曝光时间的变化速率与评估模型,获得相应的量子效率.研究结果表明:光引发剂1173在247 nm和285 nm处存在两个吸收峰;主吸收峰(247 nm)的量子效率为0.278%;实验结果与理论分析一致.     

Simulation analysis of ESR spectrum of polymer alkyl-C60 radicals formed by photoinitiated reactions of low-density polyethylene

Polymer alkyl-fullerene (P-C₆₀) radical adducts produced by ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiated reactions between low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and C₆₀ in the presence of benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator have been detected and identified for the first time by electron spin resonance (ESR) and confirmed by simulation analysis of the spectrum. A well-resolved ESR spectrum was recorded in situ upon UV irradiation of the LDPE/BP/C₆₀ sample in the molten state (413 K). Detailed analysis of hyperfine structures shows that the observed spectrum is composed of three components: a broad singlet atg = 2.0025 from the C₆₀ radical anion; an innermost pair of¹³C satellites; and a 12-line spectrum superposed on the broad singlet. The simulation analysis of the spectrum shows that the 12-line spectrum is due to the overlapping of two kinds of radical adducts of tertiary carbon-C₆₀ (A) and secondary carbon-C₆₀ (B), which have slightly differentg-values and almost the same integral intensity I_A/I_B (48.4/51.6). The spectrum simulated on the basis of the¹H and¹³C hyperfine interaction parameters is in good agreement with the observed spectrum. These results provide positive evidence that the C₆₀-bound LDPE materials can be obtained directly by a simple method of BP-photoinitiated reaction of the LDPE/C₆₀ system.     

Effects of Polymerization and Crosslinking Technologies on the Crystallization Behaviors and Gel Network of Crosslinked Polyethylene

In the present study, we investigated the influences of polymerization and crosslinking technologies on the branched-chain structures, crystallization behaviors, and gel networks of two types of low-density polyethylenes, LDPE1 and LDPE2, polymerized under different polymerization conditions in commercial large-capacity production lines. High temperature ¹³C NMR analysis suggests that the molar contents of both long-chain branches and short-chain branches of LDPE2 were markedly higher than those of LDPE1 due to a higher polymerization temperature for LDPE2. The high content of chain branches of LDPE2 leads to its relatively higher storage modulus, entanglement density, and gel content, as indicated by dynamic mechanical analysis. In addition, when the crosslinking temperature reached 180°C, the LDPE2 crosslinked with 2 wt% dicumylperoxide (XLPE2-D2) displayed a relatively wider processing time window and a faster crosslinking rate than XLPE1-D2. Successive self-nucleation and annealing fractionation indicated that increasing the concentration of dicumylperoxide can improve the crosslinking degree, but resulted in lower crystallinity and thinner lamellar crystals.     

一类2(1H)-喹喔啉衍生物的紫外光谱研究

研究了一类喹喔啉衍生物 ,1 烷基 3 甲基 2 (1H) 喹喔啉 2 酮 (1 alkyl 3 methyl 2 (1H) quinoxalin 2 one,简称AMQ ,其中alkyl =H ,CH3,C2 H5,n C3H7,n C5H1 1 ,n C1 6 H33)的紫外吸收光谱。这类化合物可应用于药物 ,如用作α 氨基羟甲基异恶唑丙酸 (AMPA)受体拮抗剂、杀菌剂等 ;还可用作植物生长调节剂、荧光探针等领域。结果表明 :化合物中氮原子上烷基链的增长对该类喹喔啉衍生物的紫外吸收光谱基本没有影响 ,谱图中峰形大体相同。紫外吸收谱图中 ,在 32 7和 340nm左右有两个吸收强度相当的一对肩峰 ,2 80nm处有一个吸收强度稍弱的峰 ;340nm左右的吸收峰主要是n→Π 跃迁所致 ,其中也含有Π→Π 跃迁的成分 ;32 7和2 80nm左右强吸收峰是Π→Π 跃迁所致。     

A 'meta effect' in the fragmentation reactions of ionised alkyl phenols and alkyl anisoles

The competition between benzylic cleavage (simple bond fission [SBF]) and retro-ene rearrangement (RER) from ionised ortho, meta and para RC(6) H(4) OH and RC(6) H(4) OCH(3) (R?=?n-C(3) H(7) , n-C(4) H(9) , n-C(5) H(11) , n-C(7) H(15) , n-C(9) H(19) , n-C(15) H(31) ) is examined. It is observed that the SBF/RER ratio is significantly influenced by the position of the substituent on the aromatic ring. As a rule, phenols and anisoles substituted by an alkyl group in meta position lead to more abundant methylene-2,4-cyclohexadiene cations (RER fragmentation) than their ortho and para homologues. This 'meta effect' is explained on the basis of energetic and kinetic of the two reaction channels. Quantum chemistry computations have been used to provide estimate of the thermochemistry associated with these two fragmentation routes. G3B3 calculation shows that a hydroxy or a methoxy group in the meta position destabilises the SBF and stabilises the RER product ions. Modelling of the SBF/RER intensities ratio has been performed assuming two single reaction rates for both fragmentation processes and computing them within the statistical RRKM formalism in the case of ortho, meta and para butyl phenols. It is clearly demonstrated that, combining thermochemistry and kinetics, the inequality (SBF/RER)(meta) 相似文献