一种飞轮扰振对成像像移影响的数值分析方法

为了实现像移大小的可靠预估,建立了一种对从扰振源到成像像移的传递函数进行估算的数值分析方法.首先利用Kistler微扰振测力平台对飞轮扰振进行测量,获得了各向扰振的高精度实测数据.将飞轮安装在高仿真度的整星样机中进行试验,获得了受飞轮微振动影响的图像像移数据.利用飞轮扰振数据和像移数据中的谐波数据建立并求解了一系列以传递函数为待求变量的线性方程组.最后利用所得传递函数对相同批次不同飞轮产品扰振所致像移进行预估.对比预估值和该飞轮实测像移值发现:预估结果和实测结果中谐波特性一致.相对于实测值,预估值在典型响应处误差不高于10%,大部分预估值的绝对误差不超过0.1个像素,所得传递函数可较好的对成像像移进行预估.相较于传统理论建模方法,该方法具有更高的可信度和更快的分析速度.     

光学遥感卫星飞轮微振动仿真和地面实验研究

为了对光学遥感卫星中飞轮微振动带来的成像像移进行精确预估,研究了飞轮微振动对成像影响的相关机理,建立了理论分析模型,搭建了高仿真度实验测量平台.研究微振动对成像影响机理,构建从飞轮扰振特性到成像像移之间的传递函数表达式,理论证明了谐波特性和模态特性是飞轮微振动对成像像移影响的两大重要特性.搭建高仿真度的实验平台对微振动影响下的图像像移进行精确测量.对比理论模型分析所得像移和实验测量数据,分析两者结果不一致产生的原因.结果表明:理论与测量的像移结果中谐波特性非常一致,两者具有几乎一致的典型的谐波因子;模态特性在低频段具有较高一致性,中低频段误差在8%以内.     

快速反射镜在像移补偿中的应用

本文提出了一种基于快速反射镜的像移补偿方法用于解决航空成像中的像移问题。首先通过计算航空相机在曝光时间内的像移速度证明了像移补偿的必要性;针对快速反射镜存在伺服模型不确定性的问题,设计了模型参考自适应控制器;最后通过实验验证了该算法的性能,结果显示:采用本算法后,快速反射镜的阶跃响应稳定时间降低了50%以上,在振动情况下快速反射镜的稳定精度都可以达到10μrad,精度比传统控制方案提升10倍以上。最终的像移补偿成像实验成功验证了基于快速反射镜的像移补偿方案有较高的工程应用价值。     

基于数字散斑技术的静刚度测量仪

静刚度是起重机械的一项重要安全指标,其主要测量参数为起重机大梁在空载与加指定载荷情况下大梁跨中挠度数值.在加载前后,大梁底部边界灰度特征保持稳定,利用数字散斑相关算法可以准确计算像平面中大梁边界移动量.在已知光学成像系统参数的情况下,由像平面中位移可精确计算大梁物面实际移动量.结合斜轴成像特点搭建了静刚度测量系统,并对...     

线性对置式压缩机非线性振动特性理论研究

在空间遥感探测任务中,斯特林和脉冲管制冷机广泛应用于红外探测器和低温镜头的制冷。压缩机是制冷机的主要运动部件,是影响星上振动敏感设备的重要振动源之一。为了研究压缩机的振动特性,采用两自由度系统对线性对称布置的压缩机进行了建模,其中考虑了压缩腔的气体弹簧力以及间隙气流阻力的非线性特性。然后采用龙格-库塔数值方法对非线性动力学方程进行了求解。此外,还分析了由两个对置活塞质量、阻尼、刚度不对称引起的振动力。发现压缩机输出的振动力是以驱动频率为基频的一系列谐波,随着质量、阻尼、刚度不对称程度的增加,振动力的各次谐波幅值均随着增大。     

像移补偿技术的发展与展望

航空相机广泛采用像移补偿技术来提高成像质量和相机分辨力。本文分析了像移补偿的原理并介绍了国内外较多采用的像移补偿技术,如光学式像移补偿法、机械式像移补偿法、集成像移补偿法、数字式像移补偿法等。文中列举了像移补偿过程中获取重要参数速高比的常用方法,包括平行狭缝法、扫描相关法、外差法、光程差法、直接计算法等。最后讨论了像移补偿技术数字化的发展方向,以及速高比测量的数字化、实时化、小型化发展趋势,提出了采用面阵CCD结合高性能微处理器获取速高比的新思路。     

像移补偿技术的发展与展望

航空相机广泛采用像移补偿技术来提高成像质量和相机分辨力。本文分析了像移补偿的原理并介绍了国内外较多采用的像移补偿技术,如光学式像移补偿法、机械式像移补偿法、集成像移补偿法、数字式像移补偿法等。文中列举了像移补偿过程中获取重要参数速高比的常用方法,包括平行狭缝法、扫描相关法、外差法、光程差法、直接计算法等。最后讨论了像移补偿技术数字化的发展方向,以及速高比测量的数字化、实时化、小型化发展趋势,提出了采用面阵CCD结合高性能微处理器获取速高比的新思路。     

多尺度变步长最小均方自适应算法在光纤陀螺数据处理中的应用

为有效抑制光纤陀螺(FOG)随机噪声,提出将一种多尺度变步长最小均方(MVSLMS)自适应算法应用于FOG数据处理中。根据FOG输出数据的特点,构建了MVSLMS自适应滤波器,提出了FOG信号滤波算法的实现步骤。对FOG实测静态数据、振动数据和速率测试数据进行了滤波实验,结果表明所提算法对FOG随机噪声的抑制效果明显,相比LMS滤波,MVSLMS自适应滤波后的静态数据零偏稳定性数值减小了72.0%,振动数据在振前、振中、振后零偏稳定性数值分别减小91.5%,77.4%和96.5%,速率测试数据标准差减小了54.4%。摇摆测试滤波实验结果表明所用算法对FOG真值信号具有较好的跟踪能力。     

行间转移型CCD激光干扰效应阈值估算方法

电荷耦合器件(CCD)图像传感应用中,通过非实测手段获取器件的干扰效应阈值非常重要,有时甚至是唯一手段。分析了行间转移型CCD单像素饱和与串扰等典型激光干扰效应的影响因素,研究了垂直拖尾、光晕和串扰3种效应的物理本质间的内在联系与区别,初步证实垂直拖尾系数对串扰效应而言为非敏感参数。提出了基于饱和信号电荷量、像元尺寸、量子效率以及光晕抑制率等器件参数,从现有的效应数据预估相似器件单像素饱和阈值、串扰线饱和阈值的外推方法。对柯达面阵CCD器件的饱和阈值测量与干扰效应实验显示,预估结果与实验值之间的偏差量分别为3%和20%,属于可以接受的范围,表明预估方法切实可行。     

基于分段边缘拟合的测风多普勒差分干涉仪成像热漂移监测方法

多普勒差分干涉仪是近年来发展起来的一种适用于中高层大气风场星载测量的干涉仪,它依靠对干涉图相位的精确反演计算气辉谱线的多普勒频移得到大气风速.环境温度的变化导致干涉仪光机组件发生热变形,造成成像面在干涉方向上的热漂移,改变相位的像元分布,直接引入相位误差从而影响风速反演.为了减小这种成像热漂移对多普勒差分干涉仪相位反演的影响,本文用分段拟合的方法检测光栅的标尺刻槽在干涉图中成像图案的边缘,定位刻槽图案的亚像元位置并依此监测成像热漂移.在近红外多普勒差分干涉仪样机的热稳定实验中,像面热漂移检测结果与环境温度在高频振荡变化趋势上表现出较高一致性,二者相关系数经去基线后可达0.86,而干涉图相位漂移经成像热漂移校正后其高频振荡也得到大幅抑制,证明了该算法的有效性.为了进一步验证该算法精度,计算了数据信噪比以及拟合所用各项数据分布特征参数误差对边缘检测的影响,结果表明,边缘检测精度主要受数据信噪比和条纹频率参数准确性的制约,当拟合用条纹频率参数误差小于0.5%而其他数据分布特征参数误差在1%以内,数据信噪比在约35倍以上时,本文算法可以实现高于0.05像元的检测精度.     

卫星平台高光谱复杂运动成像伪互相关退化仿真研究

针对具有推扫机制的狭缝体制成像光谱仪受卫星平台俯仰、侧滚、偏航等复杂运动的影响,导致光谱数据精度降低的问题,在成像光谱仪运动成像光谱微分动态成像退化仿真方法的基础上,提出基于点扩散矩阵的光谱退化理论。按照八邻域掺杂模型,考虑卫星平台运动的时变性,不同目标像元的点扩散矩阵不同,符合伪互相关运算的概念,因此提出运动成像的伪互相关光谱退化理论。其中,点扩散矩阵由星上POS数据运用微分像移理论计算八邻域掺杂像元的平均掺杂比得到,在用模拟POS数据曲线仿真计算点扩散矩阵时,发现依据掺杂影响的大小,点扩散矩阵可以简化以便减小运算量。明确阐述光谱运动成像的伪互相关退化理论的表述和计算方法,对退化仿真和计算的结果从图像维和光谱维分别进行了定性和定量的效果评价,并使用结构相似度参数展示了退化图像与原始图像的相似性。运动成像的伪互相关光谱退化理论完善了已有的基于卫星平台复杂运动的光谱数据退化问题,仿真结果表明此种退化理论完全适用于解决卫星平台复杂运动条件下的光谱数据退化问题。     

Whirling and stability of flywheel systems,part II: Comparison of numerical results obtained with combined and lumped parameter models

In this paper the theoretical analyses of Part I are applied to some flywheel systems to provide information to designers. The analyses are utilized to study three specific prototype flywheel systems: a multi-material ring type (Garrett AiResearch), a constant-thickness-disk ring type (General Electric), and a tapered-thickness-disk type (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). In addition, the effects of the following flywheel design parameters on system dynamics are investigated: flywheel mass, flywheel diametral and polar mass moments of inertia, location of flywheel diametral and polar mass moments of inertia, location of flywheel mass center from the lower end of the quill shaft, quill shaft length, lower turbine-bearing support stiffness, and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the external damper.     

振幅阻尼信道量子隐形传态保真度恢复机理

在振幅阻尼信道上进行量子隐形传态的过程中, 量子Bell纠缠态将发生退相干, 导致隐形传态质量下降甚至通信失败. 为克服该影响, 本文提出了一种Bell纠缠态补偿方法. 在估计振幅阻尼信道参数的基础上, 将对纠缠态的补偿分为纠缠退相干发生之前的预补偿以及 经历量子振幅阻尼信道之后的匹配补偿两部分. 前者在纠缠源处进行, 后者在两个量子通信 用户处进行, 预补偿及匹配补偿参数与信道特性参数相关. 纠缠补偿完成后, 再进行隐形传态. 理论推导与性能分析结果表明, 相比于不进行纠缠补偿及仅在发生退相干之后进行的纠缠补偿, 本方法能够获得更高的隐形传态保真度, 适当调整补偿参数, 可使保真度接近于1, 对克服纠缠 退相干带来的隐形传态质量下降问题具有一定的意义.     

基于特征匹配的快速鲁棒数字稳像

针对手持移动摄像装置拍摄视频序列相邻帧间存在平移、小角度旋转运动,而且易受噪声、光照变化的影响等问题,提出一种基于优化Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF(ORB)特征匹配的实时鲁棒电子稳像算法。对相邻帧预处理后用Oriented FAST算子检测特征点,再用Rotated BRIEF描述提取的特征点并采用近邻汉明距离匹配特征点对,然后采用级联滤波去除误匹配点对,最后使用迭代最小二乘法(ILSM)拟合模型参量进行运动补偿实现稳像。图像匹配测试和稳像实验结果表明:基于改进的ORB算法的电子稳像方法补偿每一帧的时间均小于0.1 s,定位精度可达亚像素级,能有效补偿帧间平移旋转运动,而且对噪声和光照变化有较强鲁棒性。经稳像处理后,实拍视频质量明显提高,峰值信噪比（PSNR）平均提高了10 db。     

Design and analysis of a multi-stage torsional stiffness dual mass flywheel based on vibration control

This paper is aimed to investigate the kinetic parameters matching and designing method for a multi-stage torsional stiffness dual mass flywheel (DMF) based on torsional vibration control. Using the numerical analysis methods, three critical technological problems are resolved subsequently. The first one is that the kinetics simulation model of vehicle drivetrain is established, and the actual torsional vibration excitation of crankshaft and different gear pairs engaged multi-operating conditions for drivetrain are taken into account during modeling. The second one is that the kinetic parameters sensitivity of DMF with respect to torsional vibration control are obtained and the range of each kinetic parameter (i.e. rotation inertia ratio, torsional stiffness and damping) is derived further. The last one is that the parameters matching and designing methods for a multi-stage torsional stiffness DMF, considering the constraint conditions that transmission torque, relative angle and distribution of natural frequencies of DMF-drivetrain, are carried out. The results show that the torsional vibration of drivetrain is controlled effectively after matching a three-stage torsional stiffness DMF and the amplitude of angular velocity at input end of gearbox decreases significantly, which verifies that the designing and matching methods are effective and the result can thus be used in vibration control for vehicle drivetrain.     

Modelling the spindle–holder taper joint in machine tools: A tapered zero-thickness finite element method

This study presents a tapered zero-thickness finite element model together with its parameter identification method for modelling the spindle–holder taper joint in machine tools. In the presented model, the spindle and the holder are modelled as solid elements and the taper joint is modelled as a tapered zero-thickness finite element with stiffness and damping but without mass or thickness. The proposed model considers not only the coupling of adjacent degrees of freedom but also the radial, tangential and axial effects of the spindle–holder taper joint. Based on the inverse relationship between the dynamic matrix and frequency response function matrix of a multi-degree-of-freedom system, this study proposes a combined analytical–experimental method to identify the stiffness matrix and damping coefficient of the proposed tapered zero-thickness finite element. The method extracts those parameters from FRFs of an entire specimen that contains only the spindle–holder taper joint. The simulated FRF obtained from the proposed model matches the experimental FRF quite well, which indicates that the presented method provides high accuracy and is easy to implement in modelling the spindle–holder taper joint.     

Micro-vibration model and parameter estimation method of a reaction wheel assembly

Reaction wheel assemblies (RWAs) are a source of disturbance in satellites, and they are regarded as the largest jitter contributor in optical payloads. In order to ensure a stringent jitter requirement, the wheel disturbance effects on spacecraft should be predicted precisely prior to launch through analytical or experimental approaches. For this purpose, the wheel disturbance should be identified and modeled accurately. In the present study, a micro-vibration model of the RWA is introduced through coupling an analytical wheel model and an empirical disturbance model; furthermore, a parameter estimation process of the coupled model from the micro-vibration disturbance data is proposed. In order to verify the modeling and estimation techniques, a micro-vibration model of a numerical RWA is established and its estimation error is validated. Then, the micro-vibration model is extended to consider an axial disturbance and a measurement offset effect. Finally, the micro-vibration model is applied to a commercial RWA and the model parameters are extracted from the disturbance test data of the RWA using the parameter estimation process. The analytical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed micro-vibration model and parameter estimation process are effective in the dynamic disturbance modeling of RWAs.     

一种卫星平台振动光谱成像数据分块校正方法

卫星平台的振动会降低光谱成像数据的质量.以星载色散型成像光谱仪为例,介绍了其运动成像的退化机理.针对传统二维反卷积算法存在的问题以及推扫机理的特殊性,提出了一种光谱成像数据分块校正方法.该方法将分块处理、升维运算以及灰度渐变拼接相结合,将基于自然景物统计规律的图像去模糊算法运用于降质成像光谱数据的校正中.分别进行了不同目标的光谱成像退化校正仿真实验,实验结果表明,光谱成像数据质量在空间维和光谱维都有了明显提高,校正效果优于传统二维反卷积算法.     

Distinguishing the transition to chaos in a spherical pendulum

Complex responses are studied for a spherical pendulum whose support is excited with a translational periodic motion. Governing equations are studied analytically to allow prediction of responses under various excitation conditions. Stability for certain cases of damping is predicted by means of existing analysis and compared with experimental data. Numerical time-step integration of the governing equations is developed to predict responses for various types of excitation and damping conditions. Predicted results are compared with corresponding motions measured in an experimental spherical pendulum system. A data acquisition system is included whereby detailed digitized time histories of the pendulum motion can be established and various parameters can be computed to characterize the type of motion present. Two new vector spaces are defined for describing complex responses which occur for certain specified excitation conditions. It is shown in these parameter spaces that the transition from quasiperiodic to chaotic motions can be carefully quantified in systems with very light damping. This discovery provides a convenient means for comparison of complex motions in the numerical and experimental air pendulum systems. The implications of the results are important for dynamic response in various applications, including fluid motions in satellite tanks and other nonlinear time-dependent physical processes which include very light damping. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

高分辨率灰度投影算法及其在电子稳像中的应用

提出一种用于检测图像运动矢量的高分辨率灰度投影算法。灰度投影算法将图像在水平和垂直方向上的灰度投影数据作为图像特征,获得图像运动信息,一般只能达到一个像元精度。而通过采用相关计算进一步细分灰度投影数据,可以提高图像运动特征位置信息的精度,获得亚像元级的图像运动矢量。实验室摇摆台电子稳像实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高图像运动矢量的计算精度。