激光脉冲的横向波形对弓形波电子俘获的影响

用粒子模拟研究了在激光尾波场电子弓形波注入过程中激光脉冲的横向波形对尾波场俘获电子数目的影响, 发现与高斯激光相比, 超高斯形激光更有利于拉动空泡闭合前侧边的电子团向空泡尾部汇聚形成高能量局域化的弓形波, 从而导致更多的电子注入到空泡的加速相, 使得被俘获的电子数目提高近5倍, 且电子束品质得到改善.该研究对于进一步理解尾波场加速中电子注入等有参考价值. 关键词： 尾波场 电子俘获 横向波形 粒子模拟     

锐真空-等离子体边界倾角对激光尾波场加速中电子注入的影响

超短超强激光脉冲在气体等离子体中激发的尾波场加速在过去40年里有了长足的发展,人们已经在厘米加速距离内获得了数GeV的准单能电子加速,激光尾波加速的最高电子能量已经达到8 GeV.为了进一步提升加速电子束的稳定性和品质,多种电子注入方式先后被提出.本文研究了基于锐真空-等离子体边界面的密度跃变注入,着重讨论了不同角度的倾斜边界面对注入电子品质的影响.二维粒子模拟研究表明,与倾角为0°的垂直边界面相比,在合适的倾斜边界角下,第二个尾波空泡内产生的注入电量可以有近三倍的提升,同时偏振方向与入射面平行的驱动激光可以增加第一个空泡内注入电子的电量.根据不同激光入射角度时尾波场中电子自注入的起始位置差异,分析了电子电量与横向振荡增强的原因.这些研究有利于提升基于Betatron运动的尾波场辐射及其应用.     

高品质激光尾波场电子加速器

激光尾波场电子加速的加速梯度相比于传统直线加速器高了3—4个量级,对于小型化粒子加速器与辐射源的研制具有重要的意义,成为当今国内外的研究热点.台式化辐射源应用需求的提高,特别是自由电子激光装置的快速发展,对电子束流品质提出了更高的要求,激光尾波场电子加速的束流品质和稳定性是目前实现新型辐射源的首要障碍.本文归纳整理了中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所电子加速研究团队十年来在研制台式化激光尾波场电子加速器过程中采取的方案和取得的进展.例如率先提出了注入级和加速级分离的级联加速方案,通过实验获得了GeV量级的电子束能量;基于级联加速方式利用能量啁啾控制,实验获得世界最高品质的电子束流;通过优化激光系统稳定性和特殊的气体喷流结构,获得稳定的高品质电子束流输出等.这一系列实验结果有利于进一步推进激光尾波场电子加速器的应用.     

三角激光脉冲尾波加速粒子模拟

电子俘获是激光尾波场加速电子的主要机理，增大电子的初速度可以使更多的电子被尾波场俘获.提出三角脉冲激发尾波加速电子的方案，三角脉冲平缓上升沿激发受激Raman散射，用以初步加速电子，三角脉冲陡峭下降沿激发尾波场，将更多的电子加速到接近光速.2D3V粒子模拟结果证实了这一点.同时表明：脉冲长度为几个等离子体波长的超强激光在稀薄等离子体中传播时，还激发侧向Raman散射.在侧向受激Raman散射中，静电波增长最快的波矢模式为k_p=(2ω_p/ω₀ 关键词： 有质动力 电子俘获 前向受激Raman散射 侧向受激Raman散射     

双束平行入射电子束引导的自注入电子加速效果的研究

在粒子束引导的等离子尾波场加速机制中,为了加速电子获得最大能量,大量研究集中于改变单束牵引粒子束的线度、形状、电荷性质等参数. 综合考虑已有的实验结果,本文提出了一种相比于单束电子牵引更为有效的加速方式,利用双束平行电子束来加速自注入的电子. 通过2.5维粒子程序模拟,发现在牵引电子束具有相同能量、电量、尺寸的条件下,通过双束平行电子束加速得到的电子具有长程加速、高能和准单能性的特性. 同时在空泡内形成了一束独特的回流电子,进一步使得自注入电子具有更好的准直性. 关键词： 电子束尾波场加速 双束平行电子束 粒子模拟     

质子束尾波场中利用密度跃变实现电子捕获及加速的粒子模拟

 用2D3V粒子模拟程序研究了高能质子束驱动的尾波场加速电子的方案,及其在此方案中应用背景等离子体密度的跃变致使等离子体电子自注入加速相区的可能性。粒子模拟结果显示:密度跃变实现了电子的自注入,并且捕获的电子束处于加速相位,等离子体尾波场纵向电场对捕获的电子束起箍缩作用;捕获的电子束随着传输,表现为窄能谱分布;同时随着密度跃变大小的增大,可以增加等离子体电子的捕获。     

激光尾波场横向波破的粒子模拟

用粒子模拟方法，研究激光脉冲的横向宽度有限时对产生激光尾波场和电子加热的影响. 在 纵向和横向有质动力的作用下，电子密度的空间分布形成“马蹄型”的低密度区，这些低密 度区好像运动的透镜，使长脉冲激光自聚焦，而且随着激光的传播，“马蹄型”的曲率越来 越大，直到产生横向波破. 横向波破一方面使得波破时静电场极值远小于波破极限，另一方 面将更多的电子推入加速相位，静电场“俘获”的电子数目大大增加，但最大电子动能明显 减小. 关键词： 尾波场 有质动力 电子俘获 横向波破     

粒子模拟程序的发展及其在激光等离子体相互作用研究中的应用

介绍针对超短超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用研究的多维粒子模拟程序KLAP.在其一维程序KLAP1D中,考虑场电离、碰撞离化及两体碰撞效应后,程序可以用于研究短脉冲激光与中性物质的相互作用.在其三维程序KLAP3D中,为了研究加速能量达GeV的长距离激光尾波场加速问题,程序采用移动窗口技术,使得模拟尺度可以达到厘米量级.同时介绍了利用KLAP程序得到的有关THz辐射、激光与中性气体相互作用中的脉冲及离化波前演化、激光固体靶作用中表面电子加速及激光尾波场加速的研究实例.     

第二讲激光尾波场加速中的准单能电子束的产生

自从激光尾波场加速电子方案提出以来，经过二十多年的理论和实验研究，人们在激光尾波场加速方面已经取得了重大进步，相继在电子束能量、电子单色性等束流性能上取得重大突破．特别是在2004年对电子束的单色性研究取得重大突破，国际上几个著名实验室相继报道了准单能电子束产生的实验观测，掀起了激光尾波场研究的新高潮．对于准单能电子束的产生机制，虽然尚未达成统一认识，但普遍认为空泡加速可能是其中非常重要的机制之一．文章介绍了激光尾波场的基本概念，着重介绍了单能电子束产生的空泡加速模式里的两个关键物理过程：波破和电子的自捕获，同时介绍国际上相关的一些重要实验结果和理论进展．     

基于激光等离子体的光子加速

利用一维动量方程、连续性方程和泊松方程,导出了由于短脉冲激光入射到稀薄等离子体中 而引起的电子密度扰动,它与入射激光密切相关.而密度扰动的传播形成电子等离子体波(尾 波场).利用光学度规的方法,研究了与驱动激光脉冲入射相距一定空间距离入射的尾随激光 脉冲由于尾波场的作用引起的光子频率的增大.结果表明,在一定条件下,入射到尾波场中 的光子可以从尾波场中获得能量,在光子总数不变时,光子频率会增大,光子获得加速. 关键词： 电子密度扰动 光学度规 光子加速     

Effect of the bubble deformation in the3D nonlinear laser wake-field acceleration

A new analytical approach for bubble deformation was used for optimization of the electron acceleration in the 3D highly nonlinear laser wake-field regime. Injection of the electron bunch with initial velocity in the bubble was considered in the inhomogeneous plasma with parabolic density ramp. The researchers show that deformation of the bubble shape has an efficient role on the trapping of the electrons in the acceleration region. The influence of the parabolic density ramp on the electron bunch trapping ratio and its mean energy was considered by the numerical method.     

激光尾波场驱动准连续小角度电子束研究进展

报道了在北京大学新建成的5 Hz 200 TW飞秒激光加速器实验装置上利用68 TW(1.7 J,25 fs)的激光与混合气体(99%He掺杂1%N_2)进行激光电子加速的初步实验结果与理论分析.在实验中观测到了最大截止能量为290 MeV的连续电子能谱,并且最大输出能量在一定的聚焦范围内基本不变.二维particle-in-cell模拟表明:电离注入导致电子不断注入,使得纵向相空间在激光传播几个毫米后基本被电子填满;之后相空间中电子分布基本保持稳定,随着激光传播距离的增加,输出电子最大能量几乎不变,这与实验观察到的最大输出能量随激光聚焦位置在一定范围内不变的现象一致.实验与模拟结果揭示了在当前实验条件下连续电离注入对电子束品质的影响,为今后进一步优化电离注入电子品质提供了依据.     

Laser-wakefield acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams in the first plasma-wave period

Beam profile measurements of laser-wakefield accelerated electron bunches reveal that in the monoenergetic regime the electrons are injected and accelerated at the back of the first period of the plasma wave. With pulse durations ctau >or= lambda(p), we observe an elliptical beam profile with the axis of the ellipse parallel to the axis of the laser polarization. This increase in divergence in the laser polarization direction indicates that the electrons are accelerated within the laser pulse. Reducing the plasma density (decreasing ctau/lambda(p)) leads to a beam profile with less ellipticity, implying that the self-injection occurs at the rear of the first period of the plasma wave. This also demonstrates that the electron bunches are less than a plasma wavelength long, i.e., have a duration <25 fs. This interpretation is supported by 3D particle-in-cell simulations.     

Trapping, compression, and acceleration of an electron beam by the laser wake wave

The scheme of laser wake-field acceleration in plasma is proposed and considered for the case where a relatively rare nonrelativistic or weakly relativistic electron beam is initially situated ahead of the intense laser pulse. It is shown that an electron beam is trapped in the region of the first accelerating wake maximum; then it is strongly compressed and accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies.     

Simulation study of indirect positron generation by an ultra-short laser

Positron generation by an ultra-short ultra-intense laser in an indirect manner has been studied with two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In this generation scheme, positrons are produced with energetic electrons accelerated by an ultra-shot laser pulse propagating through an underdense plasma. The dependence of the positron beam properties on the plasma length and secondary target (converter) thickness was investigated in detail. The simulation results reveal that the positron yield is strongly correlated with the total energy of laser-accelerated electrons; both the temperature and divergence of the positron beam are sensitive to the plasma length; and the positron beam has a pulse duration comparable to the incident electron beam. In addition, it is indicated that even with the optimal converter thickness, only a small fraction (11.4%) of positrons can escape out and most of the detected positrons originate from the back edge of the converter.     

Acceleration and radiation of externally injected electrons in laser plasma wakefield driven by a Laguerre-Gaussian pulse

By using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, externally injected electron beam acceleration and radiation in donut-like wake fields driven by a Laguerre-Gaussian pulse are investigated. Studies show that in the acceleration process the total charge and azimuthal momenta of electrons can be stably maintained at a distance of a few hundreds of micrometers. Electrons experience low-frequency spiral rotation and high-frequency betatron oscillation, which leads to a synchrotron-like radiation. The radiation spectrum is mainly determined by the betatron motion of electrons. The far field distribution of radiation intensity shows axial symmetry due to the uniform transverse injection and spiral rotation of electrons. Our studies suggest a new way to simultaneously generate hollow electron beam and radiation source from a compact laser plasma accelerator.     

Plasma electron trapping and acceleration in a plasma wake field using a density transition

A new scheme for plasma electron injection into an acceleration phase of a plasma wake field is presented. In this scheme, a single, short electron pulse travels through an underdense plasma with a sharp, localized, downward density transition. Near this transition, a number of background plasma electrons are trapped in the plasma wake field, due to the rapid wavelength increase of the induced wake wave in this region. The viability of this scheme is verified using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. To investigate the trapping and acceleration mechanisms further, a 1D Hamiltonian analysis, as well as 1D simulations, has been performed, with the results presented and compared.     

Peak intensity measurement of relativistic lasers via nonlinear Thomson scattering

The measurement of peak laser intensities exceeding 10(20) W/cm(2) is in general a very challenging task. We suggest a simple method to accurately measure such high intensities up to about 10(23) W/cm(2), by colliding a beam of ultrarelativistic electrons with the laser pulse. The method exploits the high directionality of the radiation emitted by ultrarelativistic electrons via nonlinear Thomson scattering. Initial electron energies well within the reach of laser wake-field accelerators are required, allowing in principle for an all-optical setup. Accuracies of the order of 10% are theoretically envisaged.