Continuity properties of Markov semigroups and their restrictions to invariant <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>1</Superscript>-spaces

We consider Markov semigroups on the cone of positive finite measures on a complete separable metric space. Such a semigroup extends to a semigroup of linear operators on the vector space of measures that typically fails to be strongly continuous for the total variation norm. First we characterise when the restriction of a Markov semigroup to an invariant L ¹-space is strongly continuous. Aided by this result we provide several characterisations of the subspace of strong continuity for the total variation norm. We prove that this subspace is a projection band in the Banach lattice of finite measures, and consequently obtain a direct sum decomposition.     

Universal extrapolation spaces for \hbox {C}_{0}-semigroups

The classical theory of Sobolev towers allows for the construction of an infinite ascending chain of extrapolation spaces and an infinite descending chain of interpolation spaces associated with a given \(C_0\) -semigroup on a Banach space. In this note we first generalize the latter to the case of a strongly continuous and exponentially equicontinuous semigroup on a complete locally convex space. As a new concept—even for \(C_0\) -semigroups on Banach spaces—we then define a universal extrapolation space as the completion of the inductive limit of the ascending chain. Under mild assumptions we show that the semigroup extends to this space and that it is generated by an automorphism of the latter. Dually, we define a universal interpolation space as the projective limit of the descending chain. We show that the restriction of the initial semigroup to this space is again a semigroup and always has an automorphism as generator.     

Continuity and Representation of Gaussian Mehler Semigroups

We present sufficient conditions on a Gaussian Mehler semigroup on a reflexive Banach space Eto be induced by a single positive symmetric operator Q \in , and give a counterexample which shows that this representation theorem is false in every nonreflexive Banach space with a Schauder basis. We also show that the transition semigroup of a Gaussian Mehler semigroup on a separable Banach space Eacts in a pointwise continuous way, uniformly on compact subsets of E, in the space BUC(E) of bounded uniformly continuous real-valued funtions on E. The transition semigroup is shown to be strongly continuous on BUC(E) if and only if S(t) = Ifor all t 0     

On the structure of a semigroup of operators with finite-dimensional ranges

In the present paper, we describe the structure of a strongly continuous operator semigroup T(t) (where T: ?₊ → End X and X is a complex Banach space) for which ImT(t) is a finite-dimensional space for all t > 0. It is proved that such a semigroup is always the direct sum of a zero semigroup and a semigroup acting in a finite-dimensional space. As examples of applications, we discuss differential equations containing linear relations, orbits of a special form, and the possibility of embedding an operator in a C ₀-semigroup.     

Kolmogorov equations for measures

We consider a semigroup of operators in the Banach space C _b (H) of uniformly continuous and bounded functions on a separable Hilbert space H. We prove an existence and uniqueness result for a measure valued equation involving this class of semigroups. Then we apply the result to the transition semigroup and the Kolmogorov operator corresponding to a stochastic PDE in H. For this purpose, we characterize the generator of the transition semigroup on a core.      

Ergodic properties of operator semigroups in general weak topologies

The aim of this paper is to study ergodic properties (i.e., properties about the limit of Cesàro averages) of a semigroup of bounded linear operators on a Banach space X, which is assumed to be continuous and locally integrable in the sense of a certain general weak topology of X. Then the results are applied to particular examples, such as locally strongly integrable semigroups, their dual semigroups, and the tensor product semigroup of two (C₀)-semigroups.     

C-semigroups and strongly continuous semigroups

We show that, whenA generates aC-semigroup, then there existsY such that [M(C)] →Y →X, andA| _Y , the restriction ofA toY, generates a strongly continuous semigroup, where ↪ means “is continuously embedded in” and ‖x‖_[Im(C)]≡‖C ⁻¹ x‖. There also existsW such that [C(W)] →X →W, and an operatorB such thatA=B| _X andB generates a strongly continuous semigroup onW. If theC-semigroup is exponentially bounded, thenY andW may be chosen to be Banach spaces; in general,Y andW are Frechet spaces. If ρ(A) is nonempty, the converse is also true. We construct fractional powers of generators of boundedC-semigroups. We would like to thank R. Bürger for sending preprints, and the referee for pointing out reference [37]. This research was supported by an Ohio University Research Grant.     

Embedding of Semigroups of Lipschitz Maps into Positive Linear Semigroups on Ordered Banach Spaces Generated by Measures

Interpretation, derivation and application of a variation of constants formula for measure-valued functions motivate our investigation of properties of particular Banach spaces of Lipschitz functions on a metric space and semigroups defined on their (pre)duals. Spaces of measures densely embed into these preduals. The metric space embeds continuously in these preduals, even isometrically in a specific case. Under mild conditions, a semigroup of Lipschitz transformations on the metric space then embeds into a strongly continuous semigroups of positive linear operators on these Banach spaces generated by measures.      

Regularized Resolvent of Sums of Commuting Operators

For B ₁ and B ₂ commuting linear operators on a Banach space such that B ₁ generates a bounded strongly continuous semigroup and –B ₂ generates an exponentially decaying strongly continuous holomorphic semigroup, it is shown that (B ₁ – B ₂)^–1 B ₂ ^–r and (B ₁ – B ₂)^–1(–B ₁)^–r are bounded and everywhere defined, for any r > 0. Density of domains may also be removed. The results are applied to various abstract Cauchy problems.     

Stability and almost periodicity of asymptotically dominated semigroups of positive operators

We discuss conditions such that strong stability and strong asymptotic compactness of a (discrete or continuous) semiflow defined on a subset in the positive cone of an ordered Banach space is preserved under asymptotic domination. This is used to show that on a Banach lattice with order continuous norm strong stability and almost periodicity of a (discrete or strongly continuous) semigroup of positive operators is preserved under asymptotic domination.

     

On the existence of chaotic and hypercyclic semigroups on Banach spaces

We prove that every separable infinite dimensional complex Banach space admits a hypercyclic uniformly continuous semigroup. We also prove that there exist Banach spaces admitting no chaotic strongly continuous semigroups.

     

On the approximate solution of time-optimal control problems

In this paper we are concerned with the approximate solution of time-optimal control problems in a nonreflexive Banach SpaceE by sequences of similar problems in Banach spacesE _n which are assumed to approximateE in a fairly general sense. The problems under consideration are such that the solution operator of the associated evolution equation is a strongly continuous holomorphic contraction semigroup and the class of controls is taken from the dual of the Phillips adjoint space with respect to the infinitesimal generator of that semigroup. The main object is to establish convergence of optimal controls, transition times and corresponding trajectories of the approximating control problems which can be done by means of some results from the theory of approximation of semigroups of operators. Finally, these abstract convergence results will be applied to time-optimal control problems arising from heat transfer and diffusion processes.Research supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)     

Continuity and equicontinuity of semigroups on norming dual pairs

We study continuity and equicontinuity of semigroups on norming dual pairs with respect to topologies defined in terms of the duality. In particular, we address the question whether continuity of a semigroup already implies (local/quasi) equicontinuity. We apply our results to transition semigroups and show that, under suitable hypothesis on E, every transition semigroup on C _b (E) which is continuous with respect to the strict topology β ₀ is automatically quasi-equicontinuous with respect to that topology. We also give several characterizations of β ₀-continuous semigroups on C _b (E) and provide a convenient condition for the transition semigroup of a Banach space valued Markov process to be β ₀-continuous.     

A non-steady flow of liquid in a porous pipe with variable permeability

LetB denote the infinitesimal operator of a strongly continuous semigroup S(t), with resolvent R_λ, on Banach space L. We define related operators P and V so that λR_λf = Pf + λVf + o(λ), as λ → 0⁺. For α, η > 0 and possibly unbounded, linear operator A, we let U_{α, η}(t) represent a strongly continuous semigroup generated by αA + ηB. We show that under appropriate simultaneous convergence of α and η, U_{α, η}(t) converges strongly to a strongly continous semigroup U(t), having infinitesimal operator characterized through PA(VA)^rf where r =min{j ? 0, PA(VA)^j ≠ 0}. We apply the abstract perturbation theorem to a singular perturbation initial-value problem, of Tihonov-type, for a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations.     

Additions to the Periodic Decomposition Theorem

A pair of linear bounded commuting operators T₁, T₂ in a Banach space is said to possess a decomposition property (DePr) if Ker (I-T₁)(I-T₂) = Ker (I-T₁) + Ker (I-T₂). A Banach space X is said to possess a 2-decomposition property (2-DePr) if every pair of linear power bounded commuting operators in X possesses the DePr. It is known from papers of M. Laczkovich and Sz. Révész that every reflexive Banach space X has the 2-DePr. In this paper we prove that every quasi-reflexive Banach space of order 1 has the 2-DePr but not all quasi-reflexive spaces of order 2. We prove that a Banach space has no 2-DePr if it contains a direct sum of two non-reflexive Banach spaces. Also we prove that if a bounded pointwise norm continuous operator group acts on X then every pair of operators belonging to it has a DePr. A list of open problems is also included. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the spectral mapping theorem for perturbed strongly continuous semigroups

We consider a strongly continuous semigroup (T(t))_{t \geqq 0}(T(t))_{t \geqq 0} with generator A on a Banach space X, an A-bounded perturbation B, and the semigroup (S(t))_{t \geqq 0}(S(t))_{t \geqq 0} generated by A + B. Using the critical spectrum introduced recently, we improve existing spectral mapping theorems for the perturbed semigroup (S(t))_{t \geqq 0}(S(t))_{t \geqq 0} .     

Adjoint bi-continuous semigroups and semigroups on the space of measures

For a given bi-continuous semigroup (T(t)) _t⩾0 on a Banach space X we define its adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace X° of the norm dual X′. Under some abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect to the weak topology σ(X°,X). We give the following application: For Ω a Polish space we consider operator semigroups on the space C_b(Ω) of bounded, continuous functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space M(Ω) of bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak*-topology). We show that bi-continuous semigroups on M(Ω) are precisely those that are adjoints of bi-continuous semigroups on C_b(Ω). We also prove that the class of bi-continuous semigroups on C_b(ω) with respect to the compact-open topology coincides with the class of equicontinuous semigroups with respect to the strict topology. In general, if is not a Polish space this is not the case.     

带有反馈与起动故障的M/G/1重新访问排队系统的适定性分析

文章研究一个带有贝努利反馈且系统服务台经常遭受启动故障的重新访问排队系统模型,利用线性算子半群理论,通过对描述其系统行为的偏微分方程组的研究,证明了该模型所描述的系统所确定的算子是闭稠定耗散算子,生成C0压缩半群,从而得到系统的适定性.在证明1是算子的预解点时,采用了共轭方法.     

Strong Subdifferentiability of Convex Functionals and Proximinality

Using strong subdifferentiability of convex functionals, we give a new sufficient condition for proximinality of closed subspaces of finite codimension in a Banach space. We apply this result to the Banach space K(l₂) of compact operators on l₂ and we show that a finite codimensional subspace Y of K(l₂) is strongly proximinal if and only if every linear form which vanishes on Y attains its norm.     

Compact convex sets and complex convexity

We construct a quasi-Banach space which cannot be given an equivalent plurisubharmonic quasi-norm, but such that it has a quotient by a one-dimensional space which is a Banach space. We then use this example to construct a compact convex set in a quasi-Banach space which cannot be affinely embedded into the spaceL ₀ of all measurable functions.