聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究Ⅱ.在聚合物载体-钕络合物催化体系下丁二烯的定向聚合

本文介绍了由苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-钕络合物组成的新型丁二烯定向聚合催化体系SAAC·Nd-Al(C_2H_5)_2Cl-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3,研究了该体系的组分、组分比对体系活性的影响,考察了不同烷基铝、聚合物载体-钕络合物的表征参数与催化活性的关系。该体系有良好的活性和定向效应。聚丁二烯的顺式-1,4结构含量高达98％。     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究III.用聚合物载体-钕络合物-氯代烷-三异丁基铝催化体系聚合共轭双烯

研究了聚合物载体-钕络合物-氯代烷-三异丁基铝新体系用于共轭双烯的聚合,所用载体为苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物。丁二烯聚合时体系的催化活性的大小既取决于氯代烷的种类,又与配制催化剂的溶剂有关。聚合物载体-钕络合物体系的活性高于小分子异辛酸钕和环烷酸钕体系。氯代烷的种类不影响所得聚合物的微观结构。体系保持了小分子稀土催化剂所具有的良好定向效应,所得聚丁二烯的顺式-1,4结构含量高于98%。采用这一体系得到的聚异戊二烯的顺式-1,4结构含量在96%左右。载体本身的组成及其络合物中稀土的含量对体系的活性影响很大。     

在Ziegler-聚合物载体-铁络合物体系催化下丁二烯的聚合

研究了苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-铁络合物的制备以及由其组成的新型的丁二烯聚合催化体系。与一般的Ziegler-Natta催化剂相比较,这一催化体系的特点是:活性高,催化效率达9.9×10~4克聚丁二烯/克铁·小时。所得产物分子量极大,为等二元结构聚丁二烯,顺式-1,4和-1,2含量分别为42—44和55—57％。     

均相稀土配位催化剂及其活性体结构的研究——Ⅰ.丁二烯在(CF_3COO)_2NdCl·EtOH-AlEt_3体系中的聚合

合成了新的釹络合物。分析结果表明这一络合物为(CF_3COO)_2NdCl·EtOH。这一络合物与三乙基铝可组成均相催化体系使丁二烯聚合得到顺式1,4-含量为78—98％的聚丁二烯。     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅵ.聚合物载体-钕络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

 红外光谱研究表明,苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-钕络合物具有双配位的羧酸根结构,Nd-O键富有共价性。考察了载体钕络合物催化丁二烯聚合的一般规律,载体钕络合物的组成与聚合活性的关系。在溶剂THF或二氧六环的存在下制得的苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物最适宜于合成高活性的载体钕络合物。功能团-COOH含量大约12％,金属钕含量与功能团含量摩尔比在0.20左右的载体钕络合物催化活性最佳。     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅵ.聚合物载体-钕络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

红外光谱研究表明,苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-钕络合物具有双配位的羧酸根结构,Nd-O键富有共价性。考察了载体钕络合物催化丁二烯聚合的一般规律,载体钕络合物的组成与聚合活性的关系。在溶剂THF或二氧六环的存在下制得的苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物最适宜于合成高活性的载体钕络合物。功能团-COOH含量大约12％,金属钕含量与功能团含量摩尔比在0.20左右的载体钕络合物催化活性最佳。     

FTIR与13C NMR研究丁戊共聚物的微观结构及序列分布

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了丁戊共聚物的微观结构,发现采用磷酸酯钕体系得到的丁戊共聚物组成不同,其聚丁二烯链节的顺式-1,4含量为93.1％～97.7％,聚异戊二烯链节的顺式-1,4含量为97.0％～ 97.5％.采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了丁戊共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,发现丁戊共聚物具有良好的耐低温性能,其玻璃化转变温度随着异戊二烯含量的增加而提高,稍偏离Fox方程,经修正得到的公式为Tg=1.03TgIWI+TgBWB.采用Kelen-Tudos法计算得到丁二烯和异戊二烯的竞聚率分别为1.21和0.73,二者乘积接近于1,表明丁戊共聚物为无规结构.利用碳核磁谱(13C NMR)对丁戊共聚物进行分析,对其二元序列进行了归属,计算得到丁戊共聚物的二元序列浓度以及聚丁二烯链节和聚异戊二烯链节的数均序列长度;采用Bernoullian模型和Markov模型验证了丁戊共聚物的序列分布,发现其序列分布更符合Markov模型,表明磷酸酯钕体系催化丁戊共聚合时,活性链有末端效应.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅸ.聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺)载体-钕络合物的合成、表征及其催化活性

本文介绍了一种新的聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物,聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺)载体-钕络合物的合成,表征和讨论了络合物的IR光谱,由此络合物与烷基铝组成的二元体系对丁二烯聚合具有良好的催化活性和定向效应。不同烷基铝的催化活性顺序为Al(i-Bu)_3>Al(i-Bu)_2H>AlEt_3。     

稀土-其它过渡金属混合催化剂用于共轭双烯烃的聚合——Ⅳ.(NdCl_3+FeCl_3)·nphen-HAI(i-Bu)_2体系对异戊二烯的聚合

本文报道由(NdCl_3+FeCl_3)·nphen-HAl(i-Bu)_2催化体系引发异戊二烯聚合的结果。在适当Nd/Pe比下,该体系对异戊二烯聚合的活性可超过单一钕或铁催化剂的活性,同时随催化剂中钕和铁含量的不同,所得产物的微观结构变化很大,当体系中钕含量由100％→0时,产物的顺-1,4结构含量由94.4％→22.1％,而3,4结构含量由5.6％→77.9％。Al/M(N=Nd+Fe)比、单体浓度和聚合温度不仅对聚合活性有影响,对产物的微观结构影响也较大。事实表明,该聚合体系中存在着两种过渡金属(Nd和Fe)活性中心,它们按各自的机理进行异戊二烯的聚合。     

W-Al体系在合成1,2-聚丁二烯中的催化活性

WCl_6是优良的开环聚合催化剂,但只有一篇专利中提到用WCl_6催化丁二烯的聚合得到非顺式1,4-聚丁二烯,而且活性很低.用钨化合物催化丁二烯聚合为高1,2-链节含量的聚丁二烯,则尚未有报道.我们的工作发现,WCl_4(OR)_2-(i-Bu)_2AlOPh体系可使丁二烯在加氢汽油中聚合成1,2-链节含量在80％左右,1,2-链节的全同立构体含量达60％以上的聚丁二烯.为合成1,2-聚丁二烯橡胶开辟了一个新的催化体系.但是,初步研究结果表明:催化活性和聚合物分子量均较低.因此,本文试图探索提高催化活性和聚合物分子量的方法.     

Characterization of Polymer-Supported Rare-Earth Metal Complexes and Their Catalytic Behavior in Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes

The polymerization and catalytic behavior of catalyst systems composed of polymer-supported rare-earth metals were investigated. The catalyst systems show high catalytic activity and stereospecificity for butadiene polymerization. The catalytic efficiency for SMC (styrene-2-(methylsul-finyl)ethyl methacrylate copolymer).NdCl_3-Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ system is twice or three times that of the NdCl₃.4DMSO system. The activity of the ternary system SAAC (styrene-acrylic acid copolymer).Nd-Ph₃CCl-Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ was up to 170 kg polybutadiene/(g Nd-h). The cis-1,4 content of polybutadiene was more than 98%. This system was also used for isoprene polymerization. The cis-1,4 content of the polyisoprene obtained was about 96%     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅷ.聚合物载体-双金属络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

研究了苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-双金属络合物(SAAC·Nd·Na,SAAC·Nd·Fe)的合成以及由其组成的新型丁二烯聚合催化体系.发现在双金属络合物中Nd与游离的-COOH功能团的摩尔比较小时体系的催化活性最佳.对于SAAC·Nd·Fe体系,随着Fe含量的增加活性逐渐下降.对于SAAC·Nd·Na体系,无论Na含量多少都有着促进活性提高的作用,只是在Nd/-COOH摩尔比较小时活性提高较大.此外,初步考察了在邻啡绕啉存在下SAAC·Nd·Fe体系聚合丁二烯的活性以及所得产物的微观结构与络合物SAAC·Nd·Fe中Fe的含量关系.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅷ.聚合物载体-双金属络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

 研究了苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-双金属络合物(SAAC·Nd·Na,SAAC·Nd·Fe)的合成以及由其组成的新型丁二烯聚合催化体系.发现在双金属络合物中Nd与游离的-COOH功能团的摩尔比较小时体系的催化活性最佳.对于SAAC·Nd·Fe体系,随着Fe含量的增加活性逐渐下降.对于SAAC·Nd·Na体系,无论Na含量多少都有着促进活性提高的作用,只是在Nd/-COOH摩尔比较小时活性提高较大.此外,初步考察了在邻啡绕啉存在下SAAC·Nd·Fe体系聚合丁二烯的活性以及所得产物的微观结构与络合物SAAC·Nd·Fe中Fe的含量关系.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属配合物的研究IV.含亚硫酰基聚合物载体-稀土金属配合物的合成,表征及其催化活性

Styrene-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate copolymer-supported MCl3 complexes, where M = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb, were prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the polymer-supported NdCl3-(iso-Bu)3Al system towards stereospecific polymerisation of butadiene was 2-3 times higher than that of NdCl3-(iso-Bu)3Al-DMSO system. The cis-1,4 content of polybutadiene formed was >98%.     

稀土-其它过渡金属混合催化剂用于共轭双烯烃的聚合——Ⅳ.(NdCl3+FeCl3)·nphen-HAI(i-Bu)2体系对异戊二烯的聚合

 本文报道由(NdCl₃+FeCl₃)·nphen-HAl(i-Bu)₂催化体系引发异戊二烯聚合的结果。在适当Nd/Pe比下,该体系对异戊二烯聚合的活性可超过单一钕或铁催化剂的活性,同时随催化剂中钕和铁含量的不同,所得产物的微观结构变化很大,当体系中钕含量由100％→0时,产物的顺-1,4结构含量由94.4％→22.1％,而3,4结构含量由5.6％→77.9％。Al/M(N=Nd+Fe)比、单体浓度和聚合温度不仅对聚合活性有影响,对产物的微观结构影响也较大。事实表明,该聚合体系中存在着两种过渡金属(Nd和Fe)活性中心,它们按各自的机理进行异戊二烯的聚合。     

Polymerization of butadiene with a halogen-containing trans-regulating neodymium-magnesium catalytic system in the presence of carbon tetrachloride

The polymerization of butadiene in toluene initiated by the NdCl₃ · 3TBP-Mg(C₄H₉)(i-C₈H₁₇) (TBP is tributyl phosphate) catalytic system has been studied. It has been shown that the polymerization reaction under study is a nonstationary slowly initiated process. The addition of carbon tetrachloride promotes an increase in the catalytic activity of the system. The products of polymerization have low molecular masses and polydispersity indexes. The content of 1,4-trans-units in the polymer is as high as 95%.     

The characteristics of lanthanide coordination catalysts and the cis-polydienes prepared therewith

The stereoregularity of polydienes is almost the same in regard to the individual elements of the lanthanide series, whereas the activity of the Ln catalysts in diene polymerization varies from one to the other within the series. The latter may be attributed to the difference in the number of electrons that occupy the 4f orbitals. It has been proved that the polymerization of dienes with Ln catalysts under certain conditions proceeds by a “living polymer” mechanism. With regard to the polymerization of butadiene, the most active catalyst is a Nd³⁺species a new binary system of NdCl₃-3ROH + AlR₃ has been discovered. The cis- 1,4 content in polybutadiene is about 97% and the 1,2 content, less than 1%. For the polymerization of isoprene with a Nd³⁺ catalyst system, the effects of ligand and alkyl groups in AIR₃ on cis-1,4 content (ca. 95%) in polyisoprene can be neglected. For the copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene, the cis-1,4 contents of these two monomeric units in the copolymer are greater than 95% the reactivity ratios r₁ and r₂ are determined. and the T_g's of the copolymers of various compositions deviate slightly from the calculated values for random copolymers. A linear relationship exists between the yield strength from the stress-strain curve of Ln-polvbutadiene and its [n] This relationship is verified by Ln-polyisoprene and natural rubber but different slopes are obtained     

POLYMER-SUPPORTED LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE

The characteristics of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer supported lanthanide complexes (SAAC Ln) (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tin, Yb, and Lu) were described. A comparison of the activities of SAAC·Ln was made. It was found that in the polymerization of butadiene, a peak in activity appeared at Nd and Pr, Sin, Eu and the heavy lanthanides exhibited low or no activities. The effects of some factors on the activities were discussed. The microstructure of the polymers obtained with all the lanthanides in the series were the same and the content of cis-1, 4 polybutadiene attained was more than 98%.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(STYRENE-co-4-VINYLPYRIDINE) NEODYMIUM COMPLEX

Poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine)-neodymium complexes(NdCl_3·PS4VPY)with variouscontents of the functional group and neodymium have been prepared and characterized.Theinfrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicate that uncoordinated 4-vinylpyridine(4VPY)unitsremain in the NdCl_3·PS4VPY complexes.The catalytic behaviour of NdCl_3·PS4VPY was described briefly.