关于TOPSIS法应用中的逆序问题及消除的方法

在多指标决策问题中,TOPSIS法是一种常用的方法,然而传统的TOPSIS法在实际应用中容易产生逆序的现象.本文分析了逆序产生的主要原因,并提出了一种改进的方法-RTOPSIS法.应用本文的方法不仅能消除逆序的现象,而且还能正确反映指标权重对决策结果的影响.     

基于用户选择的产品属性权重确定及对TOPSIS法的改进

传统TOPSIS评价法具有权重主观确定、更新方案产生逆序等不足,本文尝试基于用户参与选择的客观行为数据和产品属性数据以改进属性权重的确定;通过极差变换以改进初始矩阵的标准化及最优点、最差点的确定,以消除TOPSIS法评价结果可能出现的逆序问题。最后,基于改进后的TOPSIS法应用于不同品牌手机综合评价的实例验证,结果显示改进后的TOPSIS评价法更具可行性及有效性。     

线性无量纲化方法对比及反向指标正向化方法

线性无量纲化方法的对比及反向指标的正向化方法都是综合评价的重要研究内容。从指标差异信息的角度,以TOPSIS、基于街区距离的TOPSIS和线性加权综合法为例,基于理论推导和实证分析对比了常用的线性无量纲化方法,并提出了两种反向指标正向化方法。研究发现,对于线性加权综合法和TOPSIS,不同线性无量纲化方法下同一指标归一化极差的不同是导致排序结果存在差异的关键因素;本文提出的反向指标正向化方法,不仅可以保证正向化前后TOPSIS、基于街区距离的TOPSIS的评价值不变,也可以实现反向指标正向化后线性加权综合法与基于街区距离的TOPSIS在排序目的上的等效性。最后,本文提出了线性无量纲化方法和反向指标正向化方法的应用建议。     

一种基于模糊数中心的模糊数排序方法

模糊数的排序法在决策及其它模糊应用系统的研究中起着非常重要的作用，众多学者提出了很多模糊数的排序方法，Cheng和Chu提出两种与模糊数中心有关的排序指标。但这两种方法都有明显的缺陷。本文构造了新的排序指标，能有效地实现各种模糊数的排序，最后用实例与前两种排序指标进行比较，体现出新指标的优越性。     

基于混合fuzzy entropy-TOPSIS法的供应链范式选择

针对精益、敏捷、精敏供应链范式选择决策涉及到多种定性指标和定量指标这一特点,提出一种基于模糊集理论、熵和TOPSIS的混合型多属性决策模型。为了避免主观赋权法无法反映客观条件变化,或客观赋权法无法反映专家经验的双重弊端,在对定量指标赋权时,采用主观赋权的三角模糊数法和客观赋权的熵权法对定量指标进行组合赋权。对于定性指标仅依靠三角模糊数法确定其权重。然后,运用fuzzy TOPSIS法选择出最佳的供应链范式。最后通过实例对模型进行验证以及对评价指标权重进行敏感性分析,证实了该模型能为企业选择适用自身运作的供应链范式提供高效方法。     

基于马氏距离的TOPSIS决策方法及其应用

针对决策指标之间的相关性问题,将马氏距离引入传统TOPSIS方法,提出了基于马氏距离的TOPSIS方法.在此基础上,分析了基于马氏距离改进后贴近度的性质,并以投资决策方案选择为例加以说明.结果表明,基于马氏距离改进的TOPSIS方法对决策数据的非奇异线性变换具有不变性.协方差矩阵体现了决策指标之间的相关性,因而可以有效避免指标的相关性对决策效果的影响.     

一种基于决策者风险态度的区间数多指标决策方法

针对具有区间数的多指标决策问题，提出了一种新的决策分析方法。该方法的思路是：首先通过引入决策的风险态度因子将区间数决策问题映射为传统的点值决策问题。然后给出了基于TOPSIS的方案排序方法，最后通过对风险态度因子的不同取值可进行方案排序的灵敏度分析。     

基于ANP与模糊TOPSIS-CRITIC方法的不确定多属性决策模型

随着多属性决策问题的日益流行,处理决策问题的复杂程度也逐渐增加,针对其中权重不确定,难以量化各影响因素主观权重与客观权重以及指标排序不精确的问题,提出了一种将网络层次分析法(ANP)与模糊指标相关性的指标权重确定法(CRITIC)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)相结合的不确定多属性决策模型首先,在分别使用ANP方法和CRITIC法确定各影响因素的主观、客观权重的基础上计算指标的综合权重,然后应用模糊TOPSIS方法对备选方案进行贴进度排序最后,通过一个实例将计算结果同其他三种决策方法进行对比分析,验证了所提出的ANP与模糊TOPSIS-CRITIC方法的可靠性和有效性.     

IS/IT项目选择决策的灰色逼近理想解排序法

IS/IT项目选择决策是一个多属性决策问题.针对传统逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)在确定属性权重系数上的缺陷,并考虑到在实际IS/IT项目选择决策过程中部分决策信息的不足,提出了基于灰色TOPSIS改进算法.算法运用区间灰数表达指标权重和指标评价值,定义备择项目与正、负理想解的灰色关联度,依此计算各备则项目的贴近度并实现最终排序.仿真实例验证了该方法的合理和有效性.     

动态规划中的最优性原理及方法的进一步研究

本在对求解多阶段决策问题的动志规划的基本理论，最优性原理进行严格证明的同时还通过实例介绍了动态规划的基本方法一逆序递推法的具体应用。     

On rank reversal in decision analysis

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been criticized for its possible rank reversal phenomenon caused by the addition or deletion of an alternative. This paper shows the fact that the rank reversal phenomenon occurs not only in the AHP but also in many other decision making approaches such as the Borda–Kendall (BK) method for aggregating ordinal preferences, the simple additive weighting (SAW) method, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and the cross-efficiency evaluation method in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the rank reversal phenomenon in these popular decision making approaches.     

Another potential shortcoming of AHP

In the last twenty years many features of Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been criticised, especially the additive hierarchical composition of conventional AHP, which leads to the possibility of occurrence of the Rank Reversal phenomenon (adding an irrelevant alternative may cause a reversal in the ranking at the top). In this paper we show another feature of AHP which may be, and in many application contexts will inneed be, an even stronger shortcoming of the method. It consists in the fact that the addition of indifferent criteria (for which all alternatives perform equally) causes a significant alteration of the aggregated priorities of alternatives, with important consequences. In hierarchies with four or more levels, rank reversal may happen. Since in almost all applications of AHP the set of criteria is not fixed ex-ante but is variable and is constructed in accordance with reasons of relevance and simplicity, almost all applications of AHP are potentially flawed.     

Convergence properties and practical estimation of the probability of rank reversal in pairwise comparisons for multi-criteria decision making problems

In this paper, we address the impact of uncertainty introduced when the experts complete pairwise comparison matrices, in the context of multi-criteria decision making. We first discuss how uncertainty can be quantified and modeled and then show how the probability of rank reversal scales with the number of experts. We consider the impact of various aspects which may affect the estimation of probability of rank reversal in the context of pairwise comparisons, such as the uncertainty level, alternative preference scales and different weight estimation methods. We also consider the case where the comparisons are carried out in a fuzzy manner. It is shown that in most circumstances, augmenting the size of the expert group beyond 15 produces a small change in the probability of rank reversal. We next address the issue of how this probability can be estimated in practice, from information gathered simply from the comparison matrices of a single expert group. We propose and validate a scheme which yields an estimate for the probability of rank reversal and test the applicability of this scheme under various conditions. The framework discussed in the paper can allow decision makers to correctly choose the number of experts participating in a pairwise comparison and obtain an estimate of the credibility of the outcome.     

Projection method for multiple criteria group decision making with incomplete weight information in linguistic setting

Multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems have become a very active research field over the last decade. Many practical problems are often characterized by MCGDM. The aim of this paper is to develop a new approach for MCGDM problems with incomplete weight information in linguistic setting based on the projection method. Firstly, to reflect the reality accurately, a method to determine the weights of decision makers in linguistic setting is proposed by calculating the degree of similarity between 2-tuple linguistic decision matrix given by each decision maker and the average 2-tuple linguistic decision matrix. By using the weights of decision makers, all individual 2-tuple linguistic decision matrices are aggregated into a collective one. Then, to determine the weight vector of criteria, we establish a non-linear optimization model based on the basic ideal of the projection method, i.e., the optimal alternative should have the largest projection on the 2-tuple linguistic positive ideal solution (TLPIS). Calculate the 2-tuple linguistic projection of each alternative on the TLPIS and rank all the alternatives according to the 2-tuple linguistic projection value. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the calculation process of the proposed method, and the validity is verified by comparing the evaluation results of the proposed method with that of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.     

Extension of VIKOR method for decision making problem based on hesitant fuzzy set

The multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods VIKOR and TOPSIS are all based on an aggregating function representing “closeness to the ideal”, which originated in the compromise programming method. The VIKOR method of compromise ranking determines a compromise solution, providing a maximum “group utility” for the “majority” and a minimum of an “individual regret” for the “opponent”, which is an effective tool in multi-criteria decision making, particularly in a situation where the decision maker is not able, or does not know to express his/her preference at the beginning of system design. The TOPSIS method determines a solution with the shortest distance to the ideal solution and the greatest distance from the negative-ideal solution, but it does not consider the relative importance of these distances. And, the hesitant fuzzy set is a very useful tool to deal with uncertainty, which can be accurately and perfectly described in terms of the opinions of decision makers. In this paper, we develop the E-VIKOR method and TOPSIS method to solve the MCDM problems with hesitant fuzzy set information. Firstly, the hesitant fuzzy set information and corresponding concepts are described, and the basic essential of the VIKOR method is introduced. Then, the problem on multiple attribute decision marking is described, and the principles and steps of the proposed E-VIKOR method and TOPSIS method are presented. Finally, a numerical example illustrates an application of the E-VIKOR method, and the result by the TOPSIS method is compared.     

Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods

The VIKOR method was developed to solve MCDM problems with conflicting and noncommensurable (different units) criteria, assuming that compromising is acceptable for conflict resolution, the decision maker wants a solution that is the closest to the ideal, and the alternatives are evaluated according to all established criteria. This method focuses on ranking and selecting from a set of alternatives in the presence of conflicting criteria, and on proposing compromise solution (one or more). The VIKOR method is extended with a stability analysis determining the weight stability intervals and with trade-offs analysis. The extended VIKOR method is compared with three multicriteria decision making methods: TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, and ELECTRE. A numerical example illustrates an application of the VIKOR method, and the results by all four considered methods are compared.     

Weight determination for consistently ranking alternatives in multiple criteria decision analysis

One of the most difficult tasks in multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is determining the weights of individual criteria so that all alternatives can be compared based on the aggregate performance of all criteria. This problem can be transformed into the compromise programming of seeking alternatives with a shorter distance to the ideal or a longer distance to the anti-ideal despite the rankings based on the two distance measures possibly not being the same. In order to obtain consistent rankings, this paper proposes a measure of relative distance, which involves the calculation of the relative position of an alternative between the anti-ideal and the ideal for ranking. In this case, minimizing the distance to the ideal is equivalent to maximizing the distance to the anti-ideal, so the rankings obtained from the two criteria are the same. An example is used to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method, and the results are compared with those obtained from the TOPSIS method.     

基于模糊证据推理及改进TOPSIS的多属性群决策方法

针对不同识别框架多属性群决策问题属性准则度量的不确定性、随机性,定义基于梯形模糊数表征的属性准则评价等级相似度量,求解专家决策权重的最优解。对公共识别框架备选方案属性准则采用模糊证据推理过程综合专家评价等级置信度信息;利用可严格区分属性准则评价等级的相似度量,改进TOPSIS方法中备选方案属性准则评价等级置信度距离因子,获取备选方案逼近正负理想解的贴近度。实例分析以某通信企业电信产品市场竞争力评估为例,说明基于模糊证据推理、改进TOPSIS的多属性群决策问题求解过程,从属性准则专家模糊评价等级置信度集中获取直观的待评估产品市场竞争力排序结果,验证该方法解决此类决策问题的可行性与有效性。