藏药镰形棘豆中2',4'-二羟基查尔酮对照品的制备和鉴定

采用乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、普通硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶柱色谱分离纯化2',4'-二羟基查尔酮,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、质谱等技术鉴定结构,应用薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法进行纯度检测。结果从镰形棘豆中分离得到纯度大于99.0%的2',4'-二羟基查尔酮。表明该制备方法简便,制备量大,所制得的2',4'-二羟基查尔酮纯度高,可作为镰形棘豆药材及其复方药的质量控制的对照品。     

大孔吸附树脂预处理-HPLC法测定甘肃棘豆中苦马豆素含量

应用大孔吸附树脂为样品前处理技术,对甘肃棘豆中干扰苦马豆素含量测定的化合物进行选择性吸附除杂,以HPLC法测定样品中的苦马豆素含量.方法的平均回收率为92.81%(相对标准偏差为3.67%),日内和日间精密度分别为1.40%和3.98%,线性范围为0.022～0.730 mg/mL,方法检出限为0.010 mg/mL.方法可有效去除苦马豆素测定的干扰化合物,适用于甘肃棘豆中苦马豆素的含量测定.     

全蝎中4种微量元素的形态分析

对中药全蝎中铜、锌、铁和镁4种微量元素存在的形态及含量进行了研究。文中叙述了全蝎样品中元素的各种形态(可溶态、悬浮态、无机态、有机态)的提取方法和分离,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了各试液中4种微量元素的含量。结果显示,全蝎中4种元素的总提取率在39.9%~63.2%之间,浸留比在73.6%~126.0%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,铜、锌、铁、镁的有机态与无机态的比例在250.0%~550.0%之间。     

市售蘑菇中微量元素测定分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了银川市大型超市里10种新鲜蘑菇中的锰、铁、锌和铜含量。各元素测定方法的变异系数为1.9%~4.2%,回收率在92.1%~104.0%之间。结果表明,锰、铁、锌和铜在蘑菇中含量的分布分别为6.75%~23.64%,80.37%~233.40%,28.00%~118.7%,2.55%~40.69%。测定结果对评价市售蘑菇微量元素营养价值具有参考意义。     

基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯硒中13种杂质元素

采用基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定高纯硒中13种痕量杂质元素含量,优化了试验条件.利用二氧化硒在真空条件下升华温度低的特点挥发基体硒,选择合适的内标元素,考察基体效应的影响.结果表明,选择Cs作为待测元素的内标更合适.测定硒残留量小于100 μg/mL的样品,不影响各待测元素.方法检出限为0.007~0.033 μg/g,RSD为5.7%~19%,加标回收率在90.2%~115%之间,可以满足高纯硒中痕量杂质元素含量的测定.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定废塑料表面涂层中8种元素的含量。考察了样品杯、基材以及金属涂层中元素效应对检测结果的影响。P、Si、Fe、Pb、Al、Cu、Cr和Ni的测定范围在0.002%~52.0%之间,检出限在0.000 2%~0.000 8%之间。采用本方法测定废塑料样品表面涂层中元素含量,结果与ICP-AES测定结果一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于1%。     

ICP–AES法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼的含量

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼7种元素含量的方法。试样用盐酸与硝酸混合酸溶液溶解,采用溶解国家标准样品的方法制备校准曲线溶液,确定了元素最佳分析谱线。各元素的含量在其测试范围内与原子发射强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数不小于0.999,7种元素的检出限在0.000 3%~0.003 0%之间。该方法应用于铬镍不锈钢标准样品的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.12%~1.15%之间(n=8)。应用于铬镍不锈钢样品测定时,加标回收率在90%~110%之间。该方法操作简便、迅速,可满足日常铬镍不锈钢中多元素含量的检测需要。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锡铅焊料中11种微量元素

根据目前市场上常见锡铅焊料中主元素的特性(锡含量范围0.X%~95%,铅含量范围X%~99%),合理选择了有效的样品前处理方法。参考铸造锡铅焊料牌号及化学成分和仪器工作条件,确定了待测元素的测定范围。应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锡铅焊料中锑、铋、铁、砷、铜、银、锌、铝、镉、磷、金11种元素的含量,方法操作简单。选择了合适的分析谱线,进行了基体元素对待测元素以及各待测元素之间的干扰研究,基体效应小,各待测元素之间基本无干扰,11次独立的测定数据相对标准偏差为1.0%~11.3%,方法的加标回收率为90.2%~105%。完全能满足现实生产中对锡铅焊料杂质元素的测定要求。     

气相色谱法测定强力霉素废水中的甲醇与乙醇

用气相色谱法测定了强力霉素废水中的甲醇和乙醇含量.甲醇的回收率在95.83%~101.5%之间,RSD为1.5%~2.9%;乙醇的回收率在96.44%~102.7%,RSD为1.4%~2.3%之间.本法操作简便、快捷、结果准确,便于实际应用.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定小龙虾不同部位中痕量元素

样品经微波消解处理,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了小龙虾不同部位的微量金属的含量。分别选择317.93,327.396,285.213,213.856,396.152,259.940,334.941,213.618,259.372,589.592,233.527,766.491 nm波长的谱线为测定钙、铜、镁、锌、铝、铁、钛、磷、锰、钠、钡、和钾的分析线。各痕量元素的检出限(3s)在1.6~32.3μg.L-1范围内。应用此法分析了小龙虾样品,12种元素的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.66%~2.96%之间,回收率在93.3%~111.1%之间。     

Efficient separation of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata using two‐dimensional preparative chromatography

The separation of high‐purity compounds from traditional Tibetan medicines plays an important role in investigating their bioactivity. Nevertheless, it is often quite difficult to isolate compounds with high purity because of the complexity of traditional Tibetan medicines. In this work, an offline two‐dimensional reversed‐phase preparative method was successfully developed for the separation of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata . Based on the analysis results, an ODS C18 prep column was used for first‐dimensional preparation, and 14.8 g of the crude sample was separated into five fractions with a recovery of 74.6%. Then, an XAqua C18 prep column was used to isolate high‐purity compounds in the second‐dimensional preparation because its separation selectivity is different with the ODS C18 stationary phase. As a result, eight compounds in the crude sample were isolated in more than 98% purity. This is the first report of trans‐cinnamic acid ( 1 ) and trifolirhizin ( 2 ) from Oxytropis falcata . This method has the potential to be an efficient separation method of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata and it shows great promise for the separation of high‐purity compounds from complex samples.     

不同颜色果实唐古特白刺叶中矿物质元素含量的比较

通过采用ICP-MS检测了柴达木盆地3种不同颜色果实唐古特白刺叶中11种矿物质元素. 结果表明不同颜色果实唐古特白刺叶中矿物质元素存在差异. 唐古特白刺叶中常量元素以Na元素最高,其中以紫色果实白刺叶中Na元素和常量元素总量最高,大红果白刺叶最低. 微量元素在白刺叶中以Fe元素含量最高,其中以紫红果白刺叶中Fe元素和必需微量元素总量最高,紫色果含量最低. 另外,有害元素Pb和Cd在3种颜色果实的叶子中含量均较低. 方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,可以为不同颜色果实唐古特白刺叶子的应用提供基础数据.     

Determination of the volatile constituents and total phenolic contents of some endemic Stachys taxa from Turkey

The total phenolic contents and the essential oil compositions of the previously unknown Stachys taxa (Labiatae), including Stachys pinardii Boiss, Stachys cretica L. subsp. mersinaea (Boiss.) Rech., and Stachys aleurites Boiss. & Heldr., all endemic to Turkey, were studied. Their essential oil compositions were investigated by GC-MS. It was found that the main constituents were α-curcumene (34.10%) for S. cretica, cedrandiol (25.26%) and caryophyllene dioxide (22.15%) for S. pinardii, and (Z)-β-caryophyllene (31.60%) for S. aleurites. The total phenolic contents, by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, of the S. pinardii, S. cretica subsp. mersinaea, and S. aleurites methanolic extract were found to be 600.74±0.23, 1200.94±0.11, and 900.61±0.06 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g in dried herb, respectively. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 141–143, March–April, 2006.     

LC Determination of Five Flavonoid Aglycones in the Tibetan Medicinal Plant Oxytropis falcata Bunge

A simple, efficient and accurate liquid chromatographic method was established to determine five flavonoid aglycones, 7-hydroxy flavonone, pinocembrin, 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy chalcone and pinostrobin in the whole plant powder of Oxytropis falcata Bunge. These five compounds were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C₈ column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Mobile phases were composed of water containing 0.1% v/v formic acid and acetonitrile using gradient elution. The established method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantitation, repeatability and stability.

     

杉叶蕨藻挥发性有机物的组成特点

杉叶蕨藻是全球具有较强破坏力的入侵海藻.不同于顶空固相微萃取-GC/MS测试方法,研究采用吹扫/捕集-GC/MS,根据标准化合物图库直接对杉叶蕨藻的挥发性有机物(VOCs)成分进行定性和半定量分析,共分离鉴定出65种VOCs,主要是酚类、呋喃类、醛类、醇类、酮类等化合物.其中酚类、呋喃类等具有一定毒性的化合物百分比含量较高,可能对其它海藻的生长具有抑制作用.对大气环境具有重要影响的卤代烃、苯系物以及含硫有机化合物在杉叶蕨藻挥发性组分中也有大量检出.     

盐析效应结合顶空气相色谱质谱法测定香精香料中甲醇含量

利用盐析效应结合顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用仪,建立了一种快速、准确检测香精香料中甲醇含量的方法.方法以5 mol/L NaCl溶液为顶空基质校正剂,试验得线性范围为0.8~200 ng/mL(r~2=0.999 9,n=6),检出限为0.25ng/mL,定量限为0.84 ng/mL,日内精密度1.8%,日间精密度4.2%,样品加标回收率为96.51%~114.98%.测得随机抽取的10个含有香精香料样品中甲醇的质量浓度在0.0~8.4 ng/mL之间.方法无需前处理,灵敏度高,选择性好,定性准确,适用于香精香料中甲醇含量的测定.     

LC-ESI-MS/MS and cytotoxic activity of three Pistacia species

LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for a comprehensive characterisation of ethanol extract from the leaves of three Pistacia species. After optimisation of the method and the use of the negative ionisation mode, a total of 42 different compounds were identified, of which 22 were tentatively characterised in P. chinensis Bunge, 33 in P. khinjuk stocks and 25 in P. lentiscus L. leaves. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives were the most abundant identified compounds. LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed identification of 15, 18 and 6 not previously detected compounds in P. chinensis Bunge, P. khinjuk Stocks and P. lentiscus L., respectively. The three extracts were also tested for their cytotoxic activities against human PC3 prostate cancer, A549 lung cancer, MCF7 breast cancer and HepG2 liver cancer. Generally, all the extracts have a moderate cytotoxic activity against lung, breast and prostate cancer, with different IC₅₀. However, only P. lentiscus L. showed moderate activity against liver cancer.     

Disruption of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Chlorella vulgaris</Emphasis> Cells for the Release of Biodiesel-Producing Lipids: A Comparison of Grinding,Ultrasonication, Bead Milling,Enzymatic Lysis,and Microwaves

A comparative evaluation of different cell disruption methods for the release of lipids from marine Chlorella vulgaris cells was investigated. The cell growth of C. vulgaris was observed. Lipid concentrations from different disruption methods were determined, and the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids was analyzed. The results showed that average productivity of C. vulgaris biomass was 208 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹. The lipid concentrations of C. vulgaris were 5%, 6%, 29%, 15%, 10%, 7%, 22%, 24%, and 18% when using grinding with quartz sand under wet condition, grinding with quartz sand under dehydrated condition, grinding in liquid nitrogen, ultrasonication, bead milling, enzymatic lysis by snailase, enzymatic lysis by lysozyme, enzymatic lysis by cellulose, and microwaves, respectively. The shortest disruption time was 2 min by grinding in liquid nitrogen. The unsaturated and saturated fatty acid contents of C. vulgaris were 71.76% and 28.24%, respectively. The extracted lipids displayed a suitable fatty acid profile for biodiesel [C16:0 (~23%), C16:1 (~23%), and C18:1 (~45%)]. Overall, grinding in liquid nitrogen was identified as the most effective method in terms of disruption efficiency and time.     

X射线荧光光谱法同时快速测定锑矿石中伴生及有害元素

采用粉末压片制样,波长色散型X射线荧光光谱法测定锑矿石中9个次量伴生及有害元素Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Co、Ni、W、Ba、S.选用国家标准物质和人工合成标准参考物质建立校准工作曲线,采用经验系数法和散射线内标法校正基体效应和元素重叠干扰.方法的检出限低、精密度(RSD,n=12)小于5%,测定结果与参考值或化学值一致性良好.与化学法相比,操作简单、快速、准确度高,精密度好,有效解决化学法在锑矿石伴生、有害等微量组分分析中过程烦琐、干扰严重等问题.