毛细管电泳和火焰光度检测器的联用研究

研究了毛细管电泳与火焰光度检测器的联用技术及其应用。有机磷农药经毛细管电泳分离后，流出液被引入气相色谱的火娄光度检测器进行特效检测，毛细管电泳的接地电极接口采用毛细管裂缝处裹醋酸纤维膜的方法，而毛细管电泳和火焰光度检测器的接口则借用了气相色谱的进样口。     

Determination of Butyltins in Sea Water by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection

Use of a gas chromatograph with a flame-photometric detector (GC-FPD) is described to determine butyltin compounds in sea water. The butyltins in an acidified water sample (pH 3.0) are first complexed with tropolone, followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a tropolone-treated C₁₈ cartridge. HCI at a small concentration is then added to the concentrated SPE eluate before GC analysis. This procedure is simple and off-column derivatization of analytes is not required. The organotins, viz. mono-, di- and tributyltin, are separated as their respective chlorides on a capillary column (HP-1) and are detected with a flame-photometric detector and an interference filter at 610 nm. Recoveries of the three butyltin species are quantitative (> 90%). Based on a sea water sample 200-mL, the detection limits for mono-, di- and tributyltin are 6,4 and 3 ng tin L^?1, respectively. This method is applied to analysis of trace butyltins in various samples of sea water.     

Flame Photometric Determination of Submicrogram Quantities of Boron

A procedure for the determination of submicrogram amounts of boron in aqueous solutions is described. The method is based on measuring the chemiluminescence of the molecular species BO_x in either an air/hydrogen or air/acetylene flame. Detection limits obtained with these flames were 0.004 and 0.06 ppm, respectively. Potential interferences may be removed by ion-exchange chromatography. The procedure is applicable to the determination of boron in potable waters.     

用毛细管气相色谱脉冲火焰光度检测器测定汽油中的含硫化合物

采用毛细管气相色谱／脉冲火焰光度检测器（GC／PFPD）对催化裂化汽油中大部分硫化物做了定量和定性研究。在此基础上,考察了降硫助剂与平衡剂掺混后的使用性能,并采用GC／PFPI）对产物FCC汽油中硫化合物进行了分析测定,结果表明降硫助剂的加入使FCC汽油硫含量显著下降。     

气相色谱—表面发射火焰光度检测法测定环境水样中的二辛基锡

建立了测定环境水样中二辛基锡化合物的气相色谱法。该法用硼氢化钠把二辛基锡氯化物衍生成氢化物，以二氯甲萃取后，用气相色谱－表面发射火焰光度检测器分析测定。     

气相色谱–火焰光度法测定进口天然气中4种形态硫

建立气相色谱–火焰光度法测定进口液化天然气中4种形态硫的方法。探讨了色谱柱、进样口温度、分流比、柱流速、升温程序和FPD检测器等对测定结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,评价了方法的可靠性。4种形态硫化物的质量浓度在10.0~200.0μg/L范围内,其对数与峰面积对数呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r在0.983 3~0.999 2之间,检出限为1.7~7.7μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.56%~0.68%(n=5)。用该法测定天然气形态硫标准气体,测定值与标准值相比,相对误差为–1.6%~–1.2%。该方法具有较高的准确度,可应用于进口天然气中4种形态硫的分析。     

水相中丁基锡化合物同时衍生／萃取气相色谱／火焰光度检测方法研究

本文建立了水相中丁基锡化合物的衍生／萃取一步进行气相色谱／火焰光度检测的方法，探讨了溶剂，氮气流速，温度及火焰条件对分离及测定的影响，获得了理想的分离及检测条件。检出限分别为一丁基锡（ＭＢＴ）及二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）０．２５ｎｇ，三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）及四丁基锡（Ｂｕ４Ｓｎ）０．５ｎｇ；线性范围０－８ｎｇ，相对标准偏差小于４％。     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-火焰光度法测定废水中烷基硫醇化合物

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-气相色谱法测定人工湿地废水中烷基硫醇化合物的分析方法.详细研究了萃取参数如萃取涂层、萃取时间、萃取温度、样品体积、盐效应及样品pH值等对HS-SPME萃取乙硫醇(EtSH)、2-甲基-2-丙硫醇(Me-PrSH)、1-丙硫醇(1-PrSH)、2-丙硫醇(2-PrSH)、1-丁硫醇(1-BuSH)及环戊硫醇(CycloPeSH)(内标)的影响.富集的硫醇化合物经DB-VRX毛细管色谱柱分离,FPD检测.在优化的实验条件下,测定乙硫醇、2-甲基-2-丙硫醇、1-丙硫醇、2-丙硫醇、1-丁硫醇的线性范围介于0.12～16.21 μg/L之间; 检出限(3σ)介于0.97～22.11 ng/L之间.以环戊硫醇为内标物质,将本法用于废水中硫醇化合物的测定,获得满意结果.     

A Dual-Channel Flame Photometric Detector with a Seperate Combustion Chamber

A new version of the dual-channel flame photometric detector is described for compounds containing phosphorus and sulphur. The sample is mixed with hydrogen before introduction into the detector. The burner is formed as a specific combustion chamber, which is separated from the emission chamber of the detector. Interference signals in the P-channel, caused by sulphur-containing compounds (crosstalk signals) are damped electrically. Thus the selectivity to hydrocarbons is increased by a factor of up to 10⁷, crosstalk signals are reduced by a factor of 10³ and flame stability is guaranteed (there are no flame-outs caused by amounts of up to 50 μl of liquid samples).     

Speciation Analysis of Butyltin Species in Water by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection Using Quartz Surface-induced Tin Emission

A flame photometric detector using quartz surface-induced tin emission was designed and evaluated for quantification analysis of butyltin species. It has been demonstrated that this quartz surface-induced tin emission, centred at 390 nm, is more sensitive than the commonly used gas-phase emission at 610 nm. The dependence of detector response on quartz enclosure was studied. The operational variables such as hydrogen–air flow rate, carrier-gas flow rate and purge-gas flow rate were optimized. An analytical procedure for speciation analysis of butyltin species in water using simultaneous hydride generation with sodium borohydride and extraction into dichloromethane was established. The detection limits (defined as the signals that equal three times the deviations of the noise) were 0.3 pg of Sn for tetrabutyltin (TeBT), 5 pg of Sn for monobutyltin (MBT), 18 pg of Sn for dibutyltin (DBT) and 2 pg of Sn for tributyltin (TBT), which are approximately 10- to 30-fold better than those reported for using more commonly used gas-phase emission centred at 610 nm.     

高效毛细管电泳的电导检测和紫外光度检测研究

本文自制商效毛细管电泳装置.研究了毛细管区带电泳电导检测和毛细管胶束电动色谱紫外光度检测。在电导检测中,制作铂丝微电导池,并由用电池隔膜制作的导电接口连接电泳毛细管和电导池,高压被有效隔离,实现柱后电导检测,用内径200μm、长70cm(到接口)石英毛细管在10kV电压下分离检测Li~-、Na~-、K~-。在电动色谱中将高效液相色谱仪与高压电源组成电泳装置,用内径100μm,长50cm(到检测器)石英毛细管和SDS胶束溶液在14kV电压下分离检测电中性化合物。     

Photometric Detection Inside the Stream of Sample Sheath Fluid

Abstract

Photometric detection with continuous feed of reagent into the centre of sample flow is described. Performance characteristics of this technique were tested at models without and with chemical reaction. Linear calibration curves were obtained for methylorange (5 x 10^?6 - 1 x 10^?4 M) and for ammonia reaction with the Nessler's reagent (6 x 10^?6 6 x 10^?4 M). The technique was applied for the determination of ammonia in drinking water. In this case, the preconcentration step was necessary.     

气相色谱表面发射火焰光度检测法测定汽油中的四乙基铅

本文介绍气相色谱表面发射漯焰光度法快速、简便地测定汽油中的四乙基铅，最小检测限为０．３ｎｇ。所得结果与气相色谱－原子吸收联用法基本一致。     

固相微萃取-脉冲火焰光度法测定大气及水中的路易氏剂

建立了固相微萃取（SPME）与气相色谱/脉冲火焰光度检测器（GC／PFPD）联用测定大气和水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的方法。探讨了影响SPME萃取效率的萃取头类型、萃取时间、解吸时间等因素。优化了PFPD的条件参数、衍生化试剂及衍生条件。在优化的条件下，路易氏剂衍生产物的响应值与浓度有良好的线性关系。本方法对水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的检出限为0．1μg/L；气体中路易氏剂的检出限为10ng／m^3；水样的加标回收率为96．7％-102．1％；气体样品的加标回收率为94．9％-103．0％；RSD为2．06％。     

Catalytic Kinetic Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium with Photometric Detection

 A new, simple photometric method for the determination of palladium was described. Palladium was determined photometrically at 600 nm and pH = 5.4 based on its heterogeneous catalytic effect on the reduction of thionine (TN) with hypophosphite (HP) using a probe-type photometer system (variable time method). The influence of reaction variables was discussed. The calibration curve was found linear in the range 0.11–5.55 μg/ml (at 30 °C) and the detection limit was 0.06 μg/ml. The relative standard deviation of the developed method was 1.6% (for 10 replicate determinations of 2.22 μg/ml Pd(II)). The effect of interference from other metal ions and anions was studied. The proposed method was successfully applied to catalysts, Pd–C, Al–Si–Pd (new and used). Received March 1, 2001 Revision August 10, 2001     

反相色谱法分离和间接光度法测定无机阴离子

在化学键合固定相ＯＤＳ柱上,用Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）作流动相添加剂分离并用间接光度法检测无机阴离子。探讨了主要因素（如流动相中Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）浓度、有机溶剂浓度、ｐＨ值和离子强度等）对阴离子保留和检测灵敏度的影响。Ｃｌ~－,Ｂｒ~－,ＮＯ_３~－和Ｉ~－具有良好的分离度;间接光度检测波长为Ｆｅ（Ｐｈｅｎ）_３~（２＋）的最大吸收波长５１０ｎｍ。测定这４个离子的校正曲线的线性范围为１～１６０ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｃｌ~－,Ｂｒ~－,ＮＯ_３~－）和２～３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｉ~－）;相关系数均达０．９９６。     

气相色谱法测定白术及其土壤中二嗪磷残留

本文建立了白术及其土壤中二嗪磷的气相色谱-火焰光度检测(GC-FPD)方法。样品经有机溶剂提取,土壤提取液直接浓缩至干;白术提取液浓缩后过活性炭-助滤剂(Celite545)柱净化,GC-FPD检测。结果表明:二嗪磷在0.01~10 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.999),白术及土壤中的最低检测浓度为0.01mg/kg,回收率在80.64%~99.54%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.25%~4.16%。     

微柱高效液相色谱与火焰光度检测器联用研究

报道了微柱高效液相色谱（micro-column HPLC）与火焰光度检测器（FPD）在线联用系统的研究,目的是发展一种不经复杂前处理步骤即可直接测定有机锡化合物的方法。三丁基锡氯化物（TBT）等经HPLC微柱分离后,通过毛细管连接引入特制的燃烧头,通过火焰光度检测器进行检测,对系统有关参数进行了优化和讨论。所建方法可以直接测定各种水样中的三丁基锡氯化物。     

气相色谱火焰光度法测定水体中9种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂

建立了水体中9种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)的液液萃取(LLE)/气相色谱-火焰光度(GC-FPD)测定方法。对比研究了液液萃取、固相萃取条件和仪器测定条件。最终选择液液萃取作为样品的提取方法,以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂;有机磷专用柱Rtx-OPPesticides 2作为分析柱,15 min内可实现待测组分的良好分离。在优化条件下,9种OPFRs在1.0~500 ng/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r2≥0.998),方法检出限为1.0~2.0 ng/L。在5,100,300 ng/L加标水平下,9种OPFRs空白水样的加标回收率为75.9%~111%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3%~15%。该方法应用于6个实际湖泊地表水样品的检测,OPFRs的检出率为100%,其组分检出总浓度为408~1 532 ng/L,可见湖泊地表水中存在明显的OPFRs污染。