模板合成法制备TiO2:Eu3+纳米管及其发光特性研究

以碳纳米管做模板,在不利用任何表面活性剂或催化剂情况下,通过溶剂热法成功合成均匀的TiO2:Eu3+纳米管。X射线衍射结果表明,该产物是TiO2的一种纯锐钛矿相。扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜图像显示,所得到的TiO2:Eu3+纳米管在大小及分布上是均匀的,管壁的厚度约为8nm。提出了该纳米管可能的形成机制。发光光谱表明,由于5D0→7F2间的转换,TiO2:Eu3+纳米管会在612nm发出红光。此外,因为制备容易而且成本较低,这种合成路径还有望用来制备其他的一维无机纳米材料。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu3＋掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜（SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30~80 nm|从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中|样品的主发射峰在614 nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593 nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu~(3+)掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30～80nm;从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中;样品的主发射峰在614nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

Eu3+在层状钙钛矿M2TiO4（M=Ca,Sr,Ba）红色荧光粉中的发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了Eu3+掺杂的层状钙钛矿M2TiO4∶Eu3+(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)红色荧光粉,借助X射线衍射、紫外可见漫反射光谱和荧光光谱研究了不同煅烧温度下粉体的晶相组成及其光致发光性能。结果表明:在煅烧温度1 000℃保温2h时即可得到纯相Sr2TiO4和Ba2TiO4粉体,但即使进一步的升高温度并延长保温时间均无法得到Ca2TiO4粉体。Ba2TiO4∶Eu3+粉体在395nm激发下发射594nm(5 D0→7 F1)和615nm(5 D0→7 F2)橙红光。Sr2TiO4∶Eu3+粉体区别于通常Eu3+的特征发射,在近紫外和蓝光激发下主要发射578nm(5 D0→7 F0)和626nm(5 D0→7 F2)的强烈橙/红光,具有更好的红光色纯度和发光强度,其中363nm电荷迁移激发下具有最高的发光效率,是一种适用于近紫外和蓝光LED芯片的红光材料。     

Ca_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~(2+)绿色发光粉的低温合成及光致发光

采用CaCl2作助熔剂同时又作反应物,利用固相法在碳还原气氛下合成了Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+发光粉,确定其最佳的合成条件为按CaCO3、Mg(OH)2、SiO2、CaCl2的量的比1.5:1:2:2.4称取原料,烧结温度为900℃,烧结时间为3h。合成的样品可被360～480nm的光有效激发,得到发射峰值位于529nm的绿光。该发光粉Eu2+的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.02。与高温法相比,低温法制备的Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+发光粉激发光谱形状表现出一些差别,并且发射光强度显著增强,低温制备的Ca2MgSi2O7:0.02Eu2+的发射强度是高温制备样品的261%。     

Sm3+/Eu3+共掺四方相LaOF纳米体系中能量传递效应的光谱学研究

采用水热—烧结法制备了Sm3+/Eu3+共掺的LaOF纳米晶体颗粒,X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜表征结果显示,所制备的LaOF晶体的平均颗粒直径在60～80 nm之间,呈四方相,均匀性和分散性良好.通过442 nm连续光激发,在LaOF:Sm+/Eu3+纳米体系中实现了Sm3+向Eu3+的能量传递.运用光谱学方法对共掺纳米体系的荧光发射谱性质进行了分析,探讨了Sm3+/Eu3+能量传递的机理和动力学过程.实验结果表明,随着共掺体系中Eu3+掺杂浓度的增加,Sm3+向Eu3+传递能量的效率增高.     

Ca3SiO5:Eu2+材料光谱特性研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了Ca3SiO5:Eu2+发光材料.测量了材料的激发与发射光谱,结果显示,材料的发射光谱为一峰值位于505 nm处的不对称的宽带谱;监测505nm发射峰,所得材料的激发光谱为一双峰宽谱,峰值为374和397nm,研究了合成条件对Ca3SiO5:Eu2+材料发射光谱的影响,结果显示,随合成温度或合成时间或Eu2+浓度的增大,Ca3 siO5:Eu2+材料发射光谱峰值强度均表现出先增大后减小的趋势,当合成温度为1100℃、合成时间为4 h、Eu2+浓度为0.5 mol%时,Ca3SiO5:Eu2+材料发射光谱峰值强度最大.     

六方相LaOF纳米体系中Sm3+/Eu3+的能量转移效应

为了探讨Sm3+/Eu3+共掺体系的荧光光谱特性和能量转移机理,采用水热-烧结法制备了Sm3+/Eu3+共掺LaOF纳米晶体颗粒,并用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对纳米晶体颗粒进行了表征.结果显示,所制备的纳米晶体颗粒呈六方相,均匀性和分散性良好,平均粒径为70 nm左右.通过442 nm连续光激发,在六方相LaOF:S...     

Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米晶的燃烧合成及光致发光性质

采用柠檬酸作燃烧剂用燃烧合成法制备了Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米晶.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和荧光分光光度计等对Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米晶的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了分析.结果表明:不同柠檬酸与稀土离子配比(C/M)制备的样品经800℃退火1 h后,均得到了纯立方相的Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米晶,晶粒尺寸约为30 nm,尺寸分布较窄,其中以C/M=1.0时制备的纳米晶结晶性最好,发光强度最大.Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米晶主发射峰位置均在612 nm处(5D0→7F2跃迁),激发光谱中电荷迁移态发生红移,观察到Gd3+向Eu3+的有效能量传递.对柠檬酸与稀土离子配比(C/M)对结晶度、发光性质等的影响也进行了分析和讨论.     

水热法合成LuVO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉及其光谱性能研究

利用水热法经过或未经过进一步热处理合成LuVO4:Eu3+亚微米(或纳米)荧光粉。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱、衰减曲线对所得的荧光粉进行性能表征。LuVO4:Eu3+荧光粉的激发光谱在275 nm的吸收峰主要来源于Eu→O电荷跃迁,Eu3+的f-f跃迁在紫外和可见光区域有395 nm和466nm两个强峰。从最佳掺杂摩尔分数的LuVO4:8%Eu3+荧光粉中观察到Eu3+在619 nm处强烈的发射峰对应于5D0→7F2跃迁。实验结果表明LuVO4:Eu3+可作为潜在的红色荧光粉应用于显示与照明领域。     

Application of TiO2 with different structures in solar cells

The application of TiO2-based devices is mainly dependent on their crystalline structure,morphology,size,and exposed facets.Two kinds of TiO2 with different structures,namely TiO2 pompons and TiO2 nanotubes,have been prepared by the hydrothermal method.TiO2 with different structures is characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area analysis.Solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and TiO2 with different structures are fabricated.In the device ITO/TiO2/P3HT/Au,the P3HT is designed to act as the electron donor,and TiO2 pompons and TiO2 nanotubes act as the electron acceptor.The effects of the TiO2 structure on the performance of hybrid heterojunction solar cells are investigated.The device with TiO2 pompons has an open circuit voltage(Voc) of 0.51 V,a short circuit current(Jsc) of 0.21 mA/cm2,and a fill factor(FF) of 28.3%.Another device with TiO2 nanotubes has a V oc of 0.5 V,J sc of 0.27mA/cm2,and FF of 28.4%.The results indicate that the TiO2 nanotubes with a unidimensional structure have better carrier transport and light absorption properties than TiO 2 pompons.Consequently,the solar cell based on TiO2 nanotubes has a better performance.     

以Eu_2(CA)_3(phen)_2为掺杂剂的Eu~(3+)/TiO_2纳米粉体的制备及其谱学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了分别以Eu(NO3)3和Eu2(CA)3(phen)2(CA:樟脑酸;phen:1,10-菲咯啉)为前驱体,掺杂量为1%(原子摩尔比)的Eu3+/TiO2纳米粉体,通过差热-热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱等分析手段,对样品的结构和谱学性能进行了对比研究。研究表明,稀土Eu3+以有机配合物Eu2(CA)3(phen)2为前躯体掺杂时,能更有效抑制TiO2纳米粉体的颗粒度增长和晶相转变温度;且UV-Vis吸收峰有一定的红移现象。2种样品中均产生了Eu3+578nm(5D0→7F0),590nm(5D0→7F1)和612nm(5D0→7F2)处的特征发射光谱峰,612nm处最强发射峰为Eu3+特征红色发射峰。当稀土Eu3+含量相同时,以有机配合物Eu2(CA)3(phen)2为前躯体制备的纳米粉体发光强度更大。     

Preparation and luminescence study of Eu(III) titanate nanotubes and nanowires using carbon nanotubes as removable templates

Eu(III) titanate nanotubes and nanowires have been successfully synthesized by solvothermal method using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as removable templates. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. It is demonstrated that CNTs are fully coated with an amorphous Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ layer, which is about 10 nm thick and almost continuous and uniform. After the Eu₂(TiO₃)₃/CNTs composites have been calcined at various temperatures, Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanotubes and nanowires are obtained by removing the CNTs templates. The diameter of the Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanotubes is 40–60 nm, which is consistent with that of CNTs. Both nanotubes and nanowires have a narrow distribution of diameters. The fluorescence properties of the Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanotubes and nanowires calcined at various temperatures have been investigated. The results indicate that when the Eu₂(TiO₃)₃/CNTs composites were calcined at 700 °C for 5 h, the Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanotubes obtained can be effectively excited by 395 nm light, and exhibit strong red emission around 616 nm. It is very interesting to discover that a few residual carbons doped in Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanotubes and many oxygen vacancies could promote the intensity of red emission peak of Eu³⁺ ions. In addition, Eu₂(TiO₃)₃ nanowires calcined at 900 °C for 5 h also have a strong red emission peak due to many oxygen vacancies and defects formed on the surface of the nanowires and inside them.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Zn2SiO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Zn2SiO4基质中掺杂Eu3+,合成了红色荧光粉Zn2SiO4:Eu3+.通过样品的X射线衍射光谱、红外光谱、扫描电镜以及光致发光光谱的测试和表征,研究了Zn2SiO4:Eu3+的内部结构和发光特性.扣描电镜结果显示样品为球状荧光粉,颗粒直径为1～3μm.在395 nm激发下,样品在613 nm处发射出很强的红光.结合荧光光谱,分析了样品的退火温度,Eu3+的浓度,电荷补偿剂Li+的浓度对样品发光强度的影响.研究发现,红色荧光粉Zn2SiO4:Eu3+的发光强度随退火温度的升高而增加,发光强度随Eu3+和Li+浓度的增加先增大后减小.     

Selective growth, characterization, and field emission performance of single-walled and few-walled carbon nanotubes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) have been selectively synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at a relative low temperature (550 °C) by tuning the thickness of iron catalyst. The parametric study and the optimization of the nanotube growth were undertaken by varying inductive power, temperature, catalyst thickness, and plasma to substrate distance. When an iron film of 3-5 nm represented the catalyst thickness for growing FWCNT arrays, SWCNTs were synthesized by decreasing the catalyst thickness to 1 nm. The nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Electron field emission properties of the nanotubes indicate that the SWCNTs exhibit lower turn-on field compared to the FWCNTs, implying better field emission performance.     

高度有序的TiO2纳米管在有机电解液中的制备及碳掺杂TiO2纳米管的性能

"采用电化学阳极氧化法,在含有氟离子的有机电解液中,使纯钛表面形成一层高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列．通过控制不同的阳极氧化电压和时间,可以得到形貌不同的TiO2纳米管．最长的TiO2纳米管接近60 1m,长径比约为600．TiO2纳米管在不同的温度(450、550和650 ℃)下焙烧2 h,采用SEM、XRD、EDS和UV-Vis分光光度仪对样品进行表征．X射线衍射仪测试结果表明制备的TiO2纳米管是无定型的,当在较高的温度下焙烧时,其结构由无定型转变为锐钛型和金红石型．EDS微量分析表明TiO2纳米管中     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes on carbon microfibers by floating catalyst method

In this paper, carbon nanotubes were synthesized on carbon microfibers by floating catalyst method with the pretreatment of carbon microfibers at the temperature of 1023 K, using C₂H₂ as carbon source and N₂ as carrier gas. The morphology and microstructure of carbon nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The composition of carbon nanotubes was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that the surface of treated carbon microfibers was thickly covered by carbon nanotubes with diameters of about 50 nm. EDX image indicated that the composition of carbon nanotubes was carbon. In comparison with the sample grown on untreated carbon microfibers surface, it was found that after carbon microfibers were boiled in the solution of sulfur acid and nitric acid (VH₂SO₄:VHNO₃ = 1:3) and immersed in the solution of iron nitrate and xylene, carbon nanotubes with uniform density can be grown on carbon microfibers surface. Based on the results, we concluded that the pretreatment of carbon microfibers had great effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes by floating catalyst method.     

双掺Eu3+ 和Tb3+ 的下转换β-NaYF4的合成与发光性能

采用高温溶剂热法合成了下转换发光材料NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 和NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺ ,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、激发(PLE)谱和光致发光(PL)谱对材料的物相结构、形貌特征和发光性质进行了表征和研究,并分析了其发光原理。结果表明:所合成的NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 和NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺ 为纯六方相晶体,尺寸在100 nm左右;改变Eu³⁺ 和Tb³⁺ 的掺杂浓度后晶格结构没有发生明显变化,说明Eu³⁺ 和Tb³⁺ 取代的是Y³⁺的晶格位置;在394 nm光的激发下,检测到Eu³⁺ 在⁵D₀→⁷F₁ 和⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁处的特征发射光,并且可见光强度随着Eu³⁺ 离子掺杂浓度的变化而变化。另外Tb³⁺ 离子浓度对NaYF₄∶Eu³⁺ 晶体结构产生了一定的影响,说明掺杂Tb³⁺ 离子改变了Eu³⁺ 离子所处的配位环境,导致红色发光带增强,而这主要源于电偶极子跃迁的贡献。