含聚1,3-二氧戊环链段聚合物网络Poly(AA-b-DXL)溶胀度的影响因素研究

继报道了含聚 1,3 二氧戊环 (PDXL)链段具有pH敏感性的可解体聚合物网络Poly(AA b DXL)的制备后 ,对网络的溶胀性能进行了更为详细和深入的研究 .由PDXL与PAA两种亲水性链段组成的网络不仅具有pH敏感性 ,而且可在水中及有机溶剂中溶胀 .研究表明溶剂的溶度参数及网络的结构与组成对网络的溶胀性能有显著的影响 ;在这种亲水性的网络中存在微相分离结构     

2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷衍生物的合成及自由基开环聚合

本文报道了四种2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷类单体:4-甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅱ)、4,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅳ)、5,5-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅵ)和5,5-二乙基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(V Ⅲ)的合成以及自由基开环聚合。结果表明,上述单体在聚合过程中出现异构化开环现象。Ⅲ和Ⅳ的甲基位置在环上氧原子的α-碳原子上时,显示对异构化反应的影响比Ⅵ及Ⅷ的甲基和乙基在β-碳原子上时更显著。上述现象与异构化开环形成仲碳自由基中间体的倾向更大有关。 Ⅳ在苯溶液中及过氧化二叔丁基存在下,120℃反应,得到全部是聚-δ-戊内酯骨架结构的聚合物。提出了一种合成聚-δ-戊内酯类链结构的聚酯的新的途径和方法。     

4-苄氧甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮及其聚合物的合成

以苯甲醇、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和固体光气等为原料,制备了一种五元环状碳酸酯4-苄氧甲基-1,3-二氧戊环2酮(BPC),并用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、元素分析对其进行了表征.在辛酸亚锡作用下制备了BPC均聚物及其与DL丙交酯(DL- LA)的共聚物,并进行了表征.结果表明,BPC可均聚也可与DL- LA共聚,为改善传统的生物降解型脂肪族聚酯的亲水性及在可降解聚合物中引入反应性基团提供了新的途径.     

聚(L-谷氨酸)水凝胶的Diels-Alder制备及其生物分子响应性研究

报道了一种含有二硫键的聚L-氨基酸共价交联网络,制备了能对含巯基生物分子与蛋白酶产生响应的新型聚L-氨基酸水凝胶.通过二硫键将降冰片烯基团键合在聚(L-谷氨酸)侧链,所得到的聚合物与末端修饰四嗪基团的四臂聚乙二醇在水溶液中混合,通过降冰片烯与四嗪基团之间发生Diels-Alder反应形成分子间共价交联,获得了聚(L-谷氨酸)/聚乙二醇水凝胶.研究了水凝胶在含巯基生物活性分子谷胱甘肽(GSH)作用下的性质变化.结果表明,2种官能化聚合物混合后可快速形成稳定的水凝胶,其力学性质随聚合物浓度、2种聚合物比例和降冰片烯基团的取代度的改变而变化.体外降解实验结果表明,在GSH或弹性蛋白酶存在的条件下,水凝胶的降解速率显著增加.同时,经GSH处理的水凝胶机械强度也显著降低.大鼠体内实验表明,在交联点引入GSH响应性的二硫键会明显加速聚氨基酸水凝胶的体内降解.进一步体外细胞实验与组织学分析结果表明,所获得聚氨基酸/聚乙二醇水凝胶具有良好的体外细胞相容性和动物体内组织相容性.     

pH响应性可降解聚膦腈的合成和表征

采用亲核取代引入侧基再进一步修饰的方法合成了一种新型的可降解聚膦腈 ,红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、元素分析证实了聚合物的化学组成 .体外降解实验表明当侧基修饰达一定比例时 ,聚合物降解行为表现出强烈的pH响应性 ,即聚合物的降解在pH6 0～ 7 4之间迅速加快 ,这类聚合物可望作为口服药物控释制剂的载体材料 .     

聚对二氧环己酮/聚乙二醇两亲性聚合物共网络的合成与表征

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,季戊四醇(PTOL)为引发剂,引发对二氧环己酮(PDO)单体开环聚合,合成了以PTOL为核的四臂聚对二氧环己酮(4s-PPDO).通过直接将4s-PPDO预聚物和聚乙二醇(PEG)于熔点以上、惰性气体保护下与偶联剂甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)交联共聚得到聚对二氧环己酮/聚乙二醇(PPDO-b-PEG)两亲性共网络聚合物(PPDO-PEG APCNs).研究了两亲性聚合物共网络结构、配比组成、溶剂种类等对聚合物溶胀率的影响,结果表明APCNs在不同类型的溶剂中表现出不同的溶胀行为,可以通过调节偶联剂的用量及PPDO/PEG的投料比来满足不同的实际需求.通过示差扫描量热分析(DSC)详细研究APCNs的结晶性能,证实交联反应降低APCNs的结晶度和结晶尺寸.     

2-溴甲基取代的[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-甲酸乙酯的合成(英文)

6-甲基-[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-甲酸乙酯(1)与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)在150W白炽灯照射的条件下有效的发生自由基溴化反应,以较好的收率(75%)得到想要的单溴化产品6-(溴甲基)-[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-甲酸乙酯(2)。本文所开发的自由基溴化方法与文献相比,单溴化产品的收率提高了46%。另外,该溴化反应中所生成的少量副产品也进行了分离提纯,其结构经波谱分析证实为9-溴-6-甲基-[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-甲酸乙酯(3)。     

聚醚聚氨酯/低聚醚硫酸盐电解质的导电性能

聚合物固体电解质;聚二氧戊环;聚醚聚氨酯/低聚醚硫酸盐电解质的导电性能;离子电导率;     

“一锅法”合成2-[(2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基)甲基]-6,7-二氧戊环并[1,3-g]喹啉-3-羧酸(英文)

采用一锅法的合成方式有效地合成了2-(2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基)甲基-6,7-二氧戊环并[1,3-g]喹啉-3-羧酸,其特点是将威廉姆逊反应和碱水解这两步反应在"一锅里"进行.所得化合物的结构经IR、1 HNMR、MS和元素分析得以证实.     

刺激响应降解型聚合物水凝胶

作为一类重要的高分子材料,聚合物水凝胶由于其优良的理化性能和生物学特性而被广泛应用于生物医药领域,降解特性是其作为生物医用材料的重要性能指标。刺激响应降解型水凝胶是指在环境因素刺激下凝胶网络发生响应性断裂,进而产生凝胶-溶胶或溶胀-降解转变的一类智能高分子材料。这一响应降解特性可通过将环境敏感性断裂基团引入到聚合物凝胶网络中来实现。与水凝胶常规的水解、酶解相比,刺激响应降解因具有空间或时间上的可控特性而引起人们的广泛关注。本文重点介绍了pH响应、光响应以及氧化还原响应降解型聚合物水凝胶的设计方法、降解机理及其最新研究进展,并对刺激响应降解型水凝胶未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

pH敏感性两亲聚合物网络PAA—l—PTHF的研究

以具有良好柔性和生物相容性的聚四氢呋喃（ＰＴＨＦ）为疏水链段,具有ｐＨ敏感性的聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡ）为亲水链段,通过ＰＴＨＦ双端基大分子单体与丙烯酸自由基共聚,首次合成了聚丙烯酸－ｌ－聚四氢呋喃（ＰＡＡ－ｌ－ＰＴＨＦ）两亲聚合物网络,并对网络的结构、组成以及交联点密度进行了表征。两亲聚合物网络溶胀行为研究表明,ＰＡＡ－ｌ－ＰＴＨＦ既能在水中溶胀又能在有机溶剂中溶胀,在水中的溶胀度随网络亲水链段ＰＡＡ含     

Synthesis and degradation of intelligent hydrogels containing polyacetal segments

Intelligent hydrogels were first obtained by copolymerization of telechelic poly(1,3-dioxolane) (pDXL) with acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide respectively. The synthesis and characterization of the networks were discussed. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was dependent on the solubility parameter of the solvents and hydrogels. The networks containing polyacetal segments (pDXL) can degrade by acid in different solvents. DXL and few other cycle molecules measured by GC-MS analysis were formed after degradation. According to the degradation products, the polymerization mechanism can be testified.     

Polytetrahydrofuran amphiphilic networks. IV. Swelling behavior of poly(acrylic acid)‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran and poly(methacrylic acid)‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran networks

Poly(acrylic acid)‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran (PAA‐l‐PTHF) and poly(methacrylic acid)‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran (PMAA‐l‐PTHF) networks were synthesized by the free‐radical copolymerization of hydrophobic polytetrahydrofuran diacrylates with hydrophilic acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Their swelling behavior was studied. Both PAA‐l‐PTHF and PMAA‐l‐PTHF networks had four solubility parameters, which indicated that they exhibited not only the properties of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments but also the combined properties of these two segments. The swell of these two series of networks was composition‐dependent in organic solvents and water. The relationship between the equilibrium swelling ratio (SR_e) in nonpolar solvents and the composition of the networks [the weight fraction of the PTHF segment (PTHF%)] may be expressed with a linear equation: SR_e = A × PTHF% + B. A and B are parameters that relate to the interaction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments with nonpolar solvents and to the properties of the networks, respectively. Because of the presence of a ? COOH group, these two network series were pH‐sensitive when the content of hydrophilic segments was higher. The pH sensitivity of networks could be controlled not only by the composition of the networks but also by the hydrophobic degree of the hydrophilic segments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1784–1790, 2001     

Development of Antibacterial,Degradable and pH-Responsive Chitosan/Guar Gum/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Hydrogels for Wound Dressing

The present research is based on the fabrication preparation of CS/PVA/GG blended hydrogel with nontoxic tetra orthosilicate (TEOS) for sustained paracetamol release. Different TEOS percentages were used because of their nontoxic behavior to study newly designed hydrogels’ crosslinking and physicochemical properties. These hydrogels were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wetting to determine the functional, surface morphology, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic properties. The swelling analysis in different media, degradation in PBS, and drug release kinetics were conducted to observe their response against corresponding media. The FTIR analysis confirmed the components added and crosslinking between them, and surface morphology confirmed different surface and wetting behavior due to different crosslinking. In various solvents, including water, buffer, and electrolyte solutions, the swelling behaviour of hydrogel was investigated and observed that TEOS amount caused less hydrogel swelling. In acidic pH, hydrogels swell the most, while they swell the least at pH 7 or higher. These hydrogels are pH-sensitive and appropriate for controlled drug release. These hydrogels demonstrated that, as the ionic concentration was increased, swelling decreased due to decreased osmotic pressure in various electrolyte solutions. The antimicrobial analysis revealed that these hydrogels are highly antibacterial against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The drug release mechanism was 98% in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) media at pH 7.4 in 140 min. To analyze drug release behaviour, the drug release kinetics was assessed against different mathematical models (such as zero and first order, Higuchi, Baker–Lonsdale, Hixson, and Peppas). It was found that hydrogel (CPG2) follows the Peppas model with the highest value of regression (R² = 0.98509). Hence, from the results, these hydrogels could be a potential biomaterial for wound dressing in biomedical applications.     

Peculiar swelling properties of PVC films grafted with acrylic and methacrylic acids

It was found that PVC films grafted with methacrylic acid do not swell in either water or methanol, two solvents of poly(methacrylic acid), even for high grafting ratios. The swelling of these films was examined in mixtures of methylene chloride with methanol and curves of different shapes were obtained depending on the grafting ratio. PVC films grafted with acrylic acid readily swell in both water and methanol but they remain hard in the swollen state. The equilibrium swelling increases with swelling temperature but this process is not reversible; films swollen at high temperature keep a high degree of swelling even when the system is cooled.     

Polytetrahydrofuran amphiphilic networks. I. Synthesis and characterization of polytetrahydrofuran acrylate ditelechelic and polyacrylamide‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran networks

A series of novel amphiphilic polyacrylamide‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran (PAm‐l‐PTHF) networks were prepared by the free‐radical copolymerization of hydrophobic ditelechelic polytetrahydrofuran acrylate (PTHFDA) with hydrophilic acrylamide. PTHFDA was synthesized by acrylation of the corresponding hydroxycapped PTHF with acrylic acid in cyclohexane. After acrylation, there was no significant difference in the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions between the original PTHF and the resulting PTHFDA. Network structures and compositions were characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling data. The networks can swell both in organic solvents and in water, which indicates that they are amphiphilic. The swelling of the networks in different solvents is composition‐dependent. According to differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling tests, the networks have a microphase‐separated and bicontinuous morphology. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3812–3820, 2000     

Synthesis and characterization of polymer networks based on two kinds of macromonomer

pH-sensitive networks were obtained by radical copolymerization of telechelic poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDXL) with acrylic acid (AA). The PDXL bismacromonomer was synthesized by two methods: one (PDXLDA) by acrylation of the corresponding dihydroxylated PDXL with AA in pyridine; the other (PDXLHM) by adding 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate as a transfer agent during the cationic polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DXL). The copolymer networks of poly(AA-b1-DXL) and poly(AA-b2-DXL) prepared by PDXLDA and PDXLHM macromonomers with AA, respectively, have very different physical properties. Poly(AA-b1-DXL) networks are pH-sensitive, while poly(AA-b2-DXL) ones are not. The poly(AA-b1-DXL) networks degrade easily under acidic condition, while poly(AA-b2-DXL) ones do not. The great differences between the properties of the networks depend on the network structure, which is directly related to the corresponding bismacromonomer structure. Microphase separation in all the networks can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. The network structure, swelling behavior and degradation were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and swelling data.     

The Research on Intelligent Controlled DDS of Polymer Carrier

The intelligent controlled drug delivery systems (DDS) are a series of the preparations including microcapsules or nanocapsules composed of intelligent polymers and medication. The properties of preparations can change with the external stimuli, such as pH value, temperature,chemical substance, light, electricity and magnetism etc. According to this properties, the DDS can be intelligently controlled. This paper has reviemed research on syntheses and applications of intelligent controlled DDS of polymer carriers.Drug delivery system with pH stimuliThe volume of polymer hydrogel can change with the pH value of external environment. The sensitive polymer hydrogels to pH are often as carriers. The polymer hydrogel carrying medicine is especially suitable for taking orally. In order to protect medicine from losing activation, we enwrapped medicine into polymer hydrogel with acidic group. In the acidic environment of stomach,the volume of polymer hydrogel contracts because of the hydrogen bond. The medicine in the polymer hydrogel cannot disperse out. When it goes to the intestine of basic environment, the hydrogen bond will be broken, and the medicine can release.Drug delivery system with temperatureTemperature sensitive polymer hydrogel can change its volume with changing of environmental temperature. This kind of polymer hydrogel can be also used as a carrier of medicine. At a low temperature, the polymer chains form hydrogen bond with water to swell to let medicine disperse out from the hydrogel. On the other hand, the hydrogen bond will be broken and polymer chain will lose water to contract with temperature's increasing. And the medicine will not disperse out. For example,the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) is the hydrogel that is swelled at lower temperature and contracted at higher temperature. PNIPAAm has the lower critical solution temperature(LCST).We can adjust its LCST to control PNIPAAm hydrogel's swelling or contraction to let medicine release or not.Drug delivery system with other stimuliThe polymer carrier drug delivery system can be intelligently controlled with the stimuli of pH value and temperature. In addition, there are still some other stimuli for DDS. For example, DDS with light; DDS with electricity(or electric field); DDS with magnetism(magnetic field); DDS with chemical substance; etc. The characteristic of intelligent polymer carrier is based on P.J.Flory's gel-swelling theory. Intelligent polymer carrier DDS will be widely used in biological and medical fields.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer hybrid nanocomposite based on banana peel cellulose and layered double hydroxides nanosheets

In the present study, a novel environment-friendly hybrid nanocomposite of Banana Peel Cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/PVA (BPC-g-PAA/PVA) hydrogel and Layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanosheets was developed using in situ graft polymerization for slow release of NP (nitrogen, phosphorous) fertilizers and water retention. The hybrid nanocomposite hydrogel containing NP fertilizers was characterized using FTIR, and SEM. The effects of pH changes and different saline solutions on the swelling behavior, fertilizer release and water retention properties of the nanocomposite were investigated.The nanocomposite hydrogel showed a pH dependent swelling, as in the pH range of 7–10, the hydrogel had higher water absorbency. However, pH had opposite effects on the release of fertilizers. Phosphorus release had an increasing trend from pH 2 to 7 and it reached its maximum value at normal pH while nitrogen had a higher release rate at acidic pH and by increasing pH from 2 to 7, the release of nitrogen decreased gradually. Water absorption and fertilizer release of hydrogel was influenced by different cations in the order of Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Na⁺. Water retention study in loamy sand soil showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel significantly improved the water retention of the soil for a longer period of time, compared to neat BPC-gPAA. This result indicated that incorporation of LDH nanosheets in hydrogel matrix improved its water retention property. The obtained results revealed that the nanocomposite of BPC-g-PAA/PVA hydrogel and LDH nanosheets can be a promising controlled release fertilizer formulation with enhanced water retention properties for agricultural applications.