6-羟基烟酸修饰电极的制备及应用研究

采用循环伏安法制备了6-羟基烟酸膜修饰炭糊电极(6-HNC/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)和肾上腺素(EP)在该修饰电极的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极对DA及EP具有明显的电催化效果。其电化学信号与DA的浓度在9.52×10-7~7.28×10-5mol·L-1和8.67×10-5~3.72×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为1.9×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),氧化峰电流与EP的浓度在1.74×10-6~4.41×10-5mol·L-1和5.58×10-5~1.01×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为3.6×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),利用差示脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究DA,UA和Trp的混合溶液电催化效果,结果该发现三者氧化峰电位在6-HNC/CPE上的能够完全分开,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于三者的选择性测定及实际样品中DA含量的测定。     

L-半胱胺尾式卟啉铜(Ⅱ)修饰金电极检测苯酚

将制备的L-半胱胺卟啉铜(Ⅱ) (CuL) 配合物自组装在Au电极表面,获得电化学苯酚传感器(CuL/Au).在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中于-0.4 V～0.5 V (vs. SCE)电位范围内有一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa = 0.09 V和Epc = - 0.06 V.实验结果表明CuL能够催化氧化苯酚,通过产物在电位0.1 V下的电化学响应对苯酚进行测定.该电极对苯酚表现出快速的响应(响应时间＜10 s).传感器对苯酚的测定具有较宽的线性范围(5.0×10-7 mol·L-1～2.5×10-4 mol·L-1),检出限为2.0×10-7 mol·L-1.该电极用于地表水中苯酚含量检测,并与标准方法4-氨基安替比林分光光度法作了对照,结果满意.     

普鲁士蓝包覆碳纳米管复合物修饰无酶过氧化氢传感器的研制及应用

本文通过在碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面原位自发还原形成普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒(PB),制备PB包覆的MWNTs纳米复合物(PB@MWNTs),并将其修饰于电极表面,直接催化过氧化氢,成功制得了一种无酶过氧化氢传感器。由于PB和MWNTs对过氧化氢都有较好的催化能力,使得制备的传感器具有好的性能。该传感器在H2O2浓度为1.8×10-7mol·L-1~4.2×10-3mol·L-1范围内,呈良好的线性,检测下限达到8.0×10-8mol·L-1(S/N=3),灵敏度为71.8A·L/mol/cm2。此外,传感器还表现出较好的稳定性、重现性和选择性     

牛血红蛋白催化荧光光度法测定痕量过氧化氢

在1.0×10-4mol·L-1的H2SO4中,牛血红蛋白催化H2O2氧化苯甲酸生成羟基苯甲酸,羟基苯甲酸在碱性溶液中有强荧光,据此提出了一种测定痕量H2O2的方法。在激发波长295 nm与发射波长408 nm处,反应体系的荧光增加值ΔF与H2O2的浓度在7.880×10-8~1.182×10-4mol·L-1范围内存在良好的线性关系。线性回归方程为:ΔF=7.418×106c+9.742(c的单位为mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.9994。检出限为5.26×10-8mol·L-1。将方法用于雨水及消毒液中H2O2的测定,结果满意。     

二次微分简易示波伏安法测定酚磺乙胺

在0.2mol·L-1NaOH底液中,酚磺乙胺的氧化产物能够在示波图阴极支-0.3V处产生一个灵敏的切口,在一定的浓度范围内其二次微分简易示波伏安峰峰高随酚磺乙胺浓度的增大而线性增加,可用于酚磺乙胺片和注射液酚磺乙胺含量的测定.线性范围1.5×10-5～3.4×10-4mol·L-1,回归方程:h(V)=135.6+3.29×106C(mol·L-1),r=0.9921,检出限:6.0×10-6mol·L-1.对3.0×10-5mol·L-1酚磺乙胺5次测定的RSD为2.1%.与高效液相色谱及其他方法相比,本方法具有仪器简单、简便快速、无需通氮除氧等特点.     

沙丁胺醇在离子液体[BnMIM]PF6修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

研究了沙丁胺醇(Salbutamol,SAL)在离子液体1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BnMIM]PF6)修饰碳糊电极([BnMIM]PF6/CPE)上的电催化氧化行为和电化学动力学性质。实验结果表明,[BnMIM]PF6/CPE对SAL的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用。用计时电流法(CA)测定了SAL在[BnMIM]PF6/CPE上的电催化氧化反应速率常数k为(2.10±0.05)×103(mol·L-1)-1·s-1。用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测得催化氧化峰电流与SAL的浓度在6.0×10-7～1.0×10-3 mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为3.27×10-8 mol·L-1,同时运用该方法对吸入用沙丁胺醇溶液中的SAL含量进行了电化学定量测定。     

金属离子为探针分光光度法测定半胱氨酸

在pH 10.0的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液中半胱氨酸与钴(Ⅱ)或镍(Ⅱ)能生成金属络合物,其吸收峰分别位于284,274nm处;当钴(Ⅱ)的浓度为2×10-4 mol·L-1时,与之反应的半胱氨酸浓度在2.5×10-5~2.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内与相应的吸光度之间呈线性关系,而当加入镍(Ⅱ)的浓度为1×10-4 mol·L-1时,则与之反应的半胱氨酸浓度在1.0×10-5~2.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内与其吸光度之间呈线性关系。据此,提出可分别用钴(Ⅱ)或镍(Ⅱ)作为探针,以分光光度法测定半胱氨酸的含量。该方法可用于尿液中半胱氨酸的测定,加标回收率在95.7%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.9%~3.3%之间。     

以马铃薯组织为酶供体化学发光新方法测定血清中游离多巴胺

基于超常氧化态的Cu(III)配合物K5[Cu(HIO6)2]能催化低浓度的鲁米诺一过氧化氢化学发光体系,用以测定痕量的过氧化氢;利用马铃薯组织作为酶的提供体.建立了一种测定多巴胺的新方法.多巴胺在马铃薯组织中的多酚氧化酶催化下被溶解氧氧化产生过氧化氢,通过测定产生的过氧化氢间接地测定多巴胺的浓度.实验表明,相对发光强度与多巴胺浓度在2.1×10-10～2.1×10-6mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.2×10-11mol·L-1.对3.0×10-9mol·L-1多巴胺平行测定7次,相对标准偏差为2.1%.该方法具有极高的灵敏度,可用于直接测定正常人血清中的游离多巴胺的浓度.     

吲哚美辛在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

运用伏安法研究了吲哚美辛在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为.在0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH 4.5)中,吲哚美辛于0.91 V (vs.SCE)电位处有一个峰形很好的氧化峰.与裸玻碳电极相比,吲哚美辛在修饰电极上的电位正移了约30 mV,峰电流增加了近10倍,表明该修饰电极对吲哚美辛有较强的电催化作用.搅拌条件下开路富集2 min,氧化峰电流与吲哚美辛在5.5×10-7～1.1×10-5 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.1×10-7 mol/L.该方法可用于药剂中吲哚美辛的分析.     

石墨烯-纳米金复合物修饰电极用于异烟肼及抗坏血酸的同时测定

制备了石墨烯-纳米金(GR/Au)复合物修饰的玻碳电极,并将其用于异烟肼(INZ)和抗坏血酸(AA)的同时检测。在0.1 mol·L-1PBS(pH 3.5)缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法分别考察了INZ及AA的电化学行为。结果显示,INZ及AA的氧化峰电流均与扫速(50~300 mV·s-1)的平方根呈良好线性关系,且复合物修饰电极对INZ及AA的氧化显示出高的催化性能,二者之间产生明显的峰分离(ΔV=170 mV)。在最优实验条件下,当AA存在时,INZ的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-6~1.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为8.0×10-7mol·L-1。而当INZ存在时,AA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为6.0×10-6mol·L-1。将此修饰电极用于药物中INZ及AA的测定,结果满意。     

A fiber optic biosensor for sulfite analysis in food

The sulfite fiber optic biosensor developed herein is based on the enzymatic oxidation reaction of sulfite catalyzed by sulfite oxidase (SOD). The consumption of O(2) is measured with an O(2) fiber optic sensor which monitors the fluorescence quenching of the indicator, perylene, by molecular oxygen. Perylene is immobilized into a polymer matrix and attached to the end of a fiber bundle forming an O(2) sensor. The enzyme, sulfite oxidase is immobilized on a pre-activated membrane and mounted onto the O(2) sensor. Several analytical characteristics of this sulfite biosensor were investigated including dynamic range, reversibility, reproducibility, stability and selectivity. The sulfite contents of various food samples, e.g. dried fruits, potato flakes, lemon juice were determined and the results obtained were in good agreement with the standard AOAC method.     

Electrochemical Decomposition of Phenylhydrazine on a Fibrous Carbon Electrode

Oxidation of phenylhydrazine by atmospheric oxygen in aqueous solution, its catalytic breakdown in the presence of Aktilen A carbon fiber, and electrochemical decomposition on a polarized carbon fiber were studied. Formation of various organic products of phenylhydrazine breakdown, remaining in solution after oxidation with air and catalytic decomposition on a carbon fiber, was studied by spectroscopy and chromatography. Feasibility of electrochemical decomposition on a carbon fiber for wastewater treatment to remove hydrazine derivatives was examined.     

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED PHENYLALANINE SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn（Ⅱ） IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn(Ⅱ)(PS-Sal-Phe-Mn)was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde,L-phenylalanine and manganese(Ⅱ)acetate tetrahyrate., The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR,, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and ICP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene(1)was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-1-ol(2),2-cyclohexen-1-one(3)and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide(4), which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-l-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.     

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED GLUTAMIC ACID SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn(Ⅱ)IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn (Ⅱ) (PS-Sal-Glue-Mn) was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads,2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese (Ⅱ) acetate tetrahyrate. The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ICP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene (1) was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (2), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (3) and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide (4), which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.     

Fiber optic sensors using novel substrates for hydrogen sulfide determination by solid surface fluorescence

Two different fiber optic sensors were developed for the determination of hydrogen sulfide at ppb concentration levels; a probe-type fiber optic sensor coated with polyethylene oxide containing 0.5 M CdCl(2) and a fiber optic sensor utilizing 0.5 M CdCl(2)-pretreated filter paper as solid substrate. In the first type, CdCl(2)-polyethyleneoxide (PEO) mixture was coated onto the tip of a fiber optic probe and the probe was exposed to H(2)S. The methodology is based on the measurement of CdS fluorescence on the surface. Detection limit (3s) of the PEO-coated fiber optic system was 36.0 ppb for H(2)S and precision at the 0.552 ppm level was 29% R.S.D. For the fiber optic system utilizing CdCl(2)-pretreated filter paper, two different configurations were devised and evaluated; a bifurcated fiber optic sensor and a single fiber optic sensor. Similar figures were obtained with these two systems; the detection limit (3s) was 4.0 ppb for the bifurcated fiber optic sensor and 4.3 ppb for the single fiber optic sensor, and both sensors had linear responses in the range 0.032-1.0 ppm. Their precisions at 0.299 ppm level were also very similar, 10 and 11% R.S.D., respectively, for the bifurcated and single fiber systems. In addition to the fiber optic sensors developed, various surfactants (sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS), Aerosol OT, Aerosol A102, Aerosol 501), some cellulosic substances (sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, alpha-cellulose) and several water-soluble polymers (polyacrylicacid polyethleneoxide (PEO), polyvinylalcohol (PVA)) were dissolved in proper solvents and after mixing with 0.5 M CdCl(2), were spread over glass slides. These novel solid substrates were exposed to H(2)S and fluorescence signal on the surfaces of the glass slides was measured with a luminescence spectrometer. The new substrates were shown to be good alternatives to filter paper for the determination of H(2)S by room temperature solid surface fluorescence spectrometry.     

Dual-Bed Catalytic System for Direct Conversion of Methane to Liquid Hydrocarbons

A dual-bed catalytic system is proposed for the direct conversion of methane to liquid hydrocarbons. In this system, methane is converted in the first stage to oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) products by selective catalytic oxidation with oxygen over La-supported MgO catalyst. The second bed, comprising of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, is used for the oligomerization of OCM light hydrocarbon products to liquid hydrocarbons. The effects of temperature (650-800℃), methane to oxygen ratio (4 10), and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst on the process are studied. At higher reaction temperatures, there is considerable dealumination of HZSM-5, and thus its catalytic performance is reduced. The acidity of HZSM-5 in the second bed is responsible for the oligomerization reaction that leads to the formation of liquid hydrocarbons. The activities of the oligomerization sites were unequivocally affected by the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. The relation between the acidity and the activity of HZSM-5 is studied by means of TPD-NH:j techniques. The rise in oxygen concentration is not beneficial for the C5 selectivity, where the combustion reaction of intermediate hydrocarbon products that leads to the formation of carbon oxide (CO CO2) products is more dominant than the oligomerization reaction. The dual-bed catalytie system is highly potential for directly converting methane to liquid fuels.     

VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIORS OF ADRENALINE AND ITS Be(Ⅱ)COMPLEX

The electrochemical oxidation behaviors of adrenaline(AD)and itsBe(Ⅱ)complex have been studied by voltammetric method with a carbon pasteworking electrode.On the bases of calculation of the atomic net electroniccharges of AD molecule by INDO approximate method and results ofcomparative experiment with dopamine the possible coordination site ofBe(Ⅱ)-AD complex is proposed.     

Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯的合成及催化空气氧化环己烷应用

以氯化血红素为原料, 经过脱铁、酯化、催化加氢和络合金属得到仿生催化剂Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-二乙基次卟啉二甲酯. 在无其它外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下, 将其应用到催化空气氧化环己烷反应, 将实验结果同Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯催化氧化空气氧化环己烷的结果进行对照, 并对催化氧化的机理进行了初步研究. 实验结果表明, Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯克服了Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯3,8-位乙烯基取代基不稳定的缺点, 能够很好催化空气氧化环己烷, 环己醇和环己酮的总收率达16.9%.     

在Pd(Ⅱ)-Cu(Ⅱ)/活性炭催化剂上水汽对CO氧化的影响

研究了ＣＯ在Ｐｄ（ Ⅱ） － Ｃｕ（ Ⅱ）／ 活性炭催化剂上的催化氧化反应，发现当空气中含有水汽时催化活性大大提高。并对ＣＯ 络合催化机理进行了讨论，求得总包反应级数约为１ ．３，表观活化能为５０ ．４６ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－ １ 。     

Study of direct electron transfer and enzyme activity of glucose oxidase on graphene surface

In recent years, graphene has been widely used as a high performance two-dimensional material in the development of biosensors and biofuel cells for facilitating direct electron transfer (DET) of glucose oxidase (GOx). However, almost all of these reports perform experiments in the presence of oxygen (a natural mediator of oxidase) and whether the GOx with DET property retained their catalytic activity in the absence of mediators has not been studied in detail so far. In this paper, we investigated the DET property and enzyme activity of GOx on graphene surface without and with mediators. Experimental results showed that the biosensor had no response to glucose in mediator-free solutions, even though the DET of GOx was observed, indicating that the GOx with DET property lacked enzymatically catalytic activity. However, in the presence of mediators, the biosensor showed sensitive response to glucose, illustrating that the mediated enzymatic oxidation of glucose occurred, which can be attributed to the catalytically active GOx without DET capability. These results suggest that DET property and enzyme catalytic activity cannot occur on the same GOx simultaneously. Therefore, keeping enzyme activity and DET of GOx at the same time is still a major challenge for biosensor and biofuel cell researches.