激光共聚焦显微拉曼快速测定食用调和油脂肪酸

目的:采用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术快速测定食用调和油饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acids,SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)含量及比例。方法:通过导数预处理净化拉曼光谱信息,采用偏最小二乘法建立优化后的SFA、MUFA、PUFA的拉曼定量预测模型,为计算脂肪酸比例提供准确的数据基础。结果:SFA、MUFA和PUFA定量分析模型的决定系数R2均大于0.99,相对分析误差RPD均大于3,表明模型具有较高的稳定性和良好的预测能力。结论:激光拉曼光谱法结合化学计量学方法可以快速、准确地测定食用调和油SFA、MUFA、PUFA含量及比例,为快速检测食用调和油品质提供切实可行的检测手段。     

拉曼光谱技术结合主成分分析-支持向量机对砷类矿物药的分类识别研究

为了快速检测砷类矿物药,建立了拉曼光谱技术结合主成分分析(PCA)-支持向量机(SVM)分类识别砷类矿物药的新方法.首先对雄黄、雌黄、信石和砒霜的拉曼光谱进行了归属,并进行了 PCA-SVM分类识别.然后分别测定了五个批次雄黄的拉曼光谱,并进行了 PCA-SVM分类识别,最后对其拉曼光谱的差异进行了分析.该方法快速、方...     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术的芥子气模拟剂快速检测方法研究

该文基于具有单分子水平高灵敏度和指纹图谱高分辨率的表面增强拉曼光谱(Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)技术,以2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-CEES)作为芥子气模拟剂,50 nm金纳米溶胶为SERS基底,系统开展了芥子气模拟剂的快速分析检测方法研究。研究结果表明,该方法对2-CEES的最低检出质量浓度为10μg/L,且在大型拉曼和便携拉曼仪器上均获得了稳定重复的结果,有望用于环境水体中芥子气的现场快速定性分析检测。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的苹果毒死蜱残留无损检测方法

对表面增强拉曼光谱(Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, SERS)技术在苹果毒死蜱残留量无损快速准确检测中的应用进行了研究. 以银溶胶作为表面增强剂, 采用实验室搭建的拉曼光谱系统, 无损地采集苹果样品拉曼光谱. 分别采用二阶导数法(Secondary Derivative Transformation, SD)和极小极大值自适应缩放法(Min-max Signal Adaptive Zooming, MSAZ)扣除所得拉曼光谱的荧光背景以消除样品和环境的干扰, 从而提高检测的准确度. 对获取光谱后的苹果样品采用标准理化方法检测其毒死蜱含量, 在最优条件下, 建立拉曼光谱与15.52～0.064 mg/kg范围内毒死蜱含量的线性关系, 结果表明毒死蜱的两个主要特征峰强度和其浓度呈良好的线性关系, 预测集的相关系数为0.969, 预测均方根误差为1.24 mg/kg. 本研究所开发的方法为果蔬安全品质的无损快速检测提供了一种新思路.     

手持式拉曼光谱仪结合双金属Au@AgNPs聚集体检测环境水中结晶紫

构建了一种基于手持式拉曼光谱仪,结合双金属银包金粒子(Au@AgNPs)聚集体的现场快速检测结晶紫的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)方法。首先制备了“核-壳”粒径分别约为30 nm和6 nm的双金属银包金粒子(Au@AgNPs),并以NaCl作为聚集剂,获得了具有SERS活性的Au@AgNPs聚集体。结合激发光源785 nm的手持式拉曼光谱仪,实现了结晶紫的快速检测。以结晶紫位于1621 cm^-1处的特征峰进行定量分析,方法检出限为8.20μg/L,对河水和湖水中结晶紫的加标回收率为71.0%～128.4%。本文所构建的方法可用于监测结晶紫的非法使用。     

基于显微共聚焦拉曼技术对三种食源性致病菌的快速鉴别研究

采用显微共聚焦拉曼技术,建立了对三种常见食源性致病菌快速鉴别的检测方法。使用XploRA PLUS共聚焦拉曼光谱仪,在激光功率为5 mW、积分时间为30s、积分次数为1次的条件下,对德尔卑沙门氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行了拉曼光谱数据的采集。对拉曼光谱采用多项式平滑算法和荧光背底扣除后,采用主成分分析法(PCA)对预处理后的数据进行降维,提取出前三个主成分的累计方差贡献率达到了95.4％,样本明显的聚为了3类。同时结合Fisher判别分析法(FLD)构建分类模型,对三种样本进行交叉验证,分类准确率达到了100％。结果表明,采用显微共聚焦拉曼技术与PCA-FLD方法结合可实现对三种食源性致病菌的快速准确鉴别且模型检测精度高,方法具有一定的实用性及参考价值。     

基于有孔壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱的芥子气现场检测新方法

基于有孔壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术,建立了一种快速便捷、高灵敏的芥子气及其相关物现场检测新方法。加入0.1 mol/L MgSO4可诱导纳米粒子有效团聚,形成多"热点"的拉曼散射,实现低至10μg/L芥子气的便携式拉曼光谱快速检测,线性范围为10~1000μg/L,分析增强因子约为1.1×106。本方法法直接应用于环境水样中微量芥子气的快速检测,回收率介于88%~114%之间。芥子气相关物(如2-氯乙基乙基硫醚、硫二甘醇、芥子亚砜和芥子砜)可得到有效区分。     

快速检测三聚氰胺激光仪问世

中国检验检疫科学研究院2月28日宣布,该院利用激光拉曼技术,自主研发了用于现场快速检测三聚氰胺的激光拉曼光谱仪以及配套试剂。使用该仪器和配套试剂,能定量检测出液态奶中高于5×10-7(0.5ppm)的三聚氰胺,每个样品检测仅需半分钟。中国检科院首席专家、研究员邹明强说,牛奶不同于其它食品,原料奶的保质期为4h,如果奶农把原料奶送到实验室来检测三聚氰胺等物质,时间长了牛奶很容易变坏,因此需要研发小型、低成本、准确的现场快速检测设备。中国检科院结合纳米和激光技术,利用激光拉曼仪,成功开发了现场快速检测液态奶中三聚氰胺含量的技术以及配套增敏试剂,可使传统的拉曼检测灵敏度大幅提高,克服了样品基质干扰,真正实现了快速、准确地分析实验样品中的三聚氰胺。据悉,目前报道的国外同类技术对牛奶样品检测,加上样品处理,共需要50min,且不能达到对三聚氰胺的定量检测。(仪器信息网)快速检测三聚氰胺激光仪问世     

表面增强拉曼光谱法快速测定干果类食品中的糖精钠

建立了干果中糖精钠的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)快速分析方法。干果样品经水提取、C18固相萃取柱净化除杂后进行表面增强拉曼光谱分析。该方法的线性范围为50.0~250 mg/L,检出限为0.6 g/kg,回收率为80.0%~125%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于8.4%。结果表明该方法灵敏度高、杂质干扰小、准确度高,满足干果类食品中糖精钠的快速检测要求,在干果类食品安全质量监控方面具有良好的应用潜力。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测中成药中吡罗昔康

建立中成药中吡罗昔康的表面增强拉曼光谱快速筛查方法。选取乙酸乙酯为提取剂,以20 mg石墨碳化黑+10 mg N-丙基乙二胺为净化剂,利用拉曼表面增强试剂对吡罗昔康拉曼光谱信号进行增强,进而对中成药中的吡罗昔康进行检测。该方法适用于胶囊、片剂、口服液、固体冲泡颗粒以及凉茶等多种中成药基质中吡罗昔康的检测,检出限为0.5~1.0 mg/kg。该方法检出限低,分析范围广,操作简便、快速,可用于中成药中违禁添加抗风湿解热镇痛类药物吡罗昔康的快速检测。     

Characterization of the surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) of bacteria

The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of a number of species and strains of bacteria obtained on novel gold nanoparticle (approximately 80 nm) covered SiO(2) substrates excited at 785 nm is reported. Raman cross-section enhancements of >10(4) per bacterium are found for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on these SERS active substrates. The SERS spectra of bacteria are spectrally less congested and exhibit greater species differentiation than their corresponding non-SERS (bulk) Raman spectra at this excitation wavelength. Fluorescence observed in the bulk Raman emission of Bacillus species is not apparent in the corresponding SERS spectra. Despite the field enhancement effects arising from the nanostructured metal surface, this fluorescence component appears "quenched" due to an energy transfer process which does not diminish the Raman emission. The surface enhancement effect allows the observation of Raman spectra of single bacterial cells excited at low incident powers and short data acquisition times. SERS spectra of B. anthracis Sterne illustrate this single cell level capability. Comparison with previous SERS studies reveals how the SERS vibrational signatures are strongly dependent on the morphology and nature of the SERS active substrates. The potential of SERS for detection and identification of bacterial pathogens with species and strain specificity on these gold particle covered glassy substrates is demonstrated by these results.     

Raman and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Chlorophenols

Raman spectrum is a powerful analytical tool for determining the chemical information of compounds. In this study, we obtained analytical results of chlorophenols(CPs) molecules including 4-chlorophenol(4-CP), 2,6-dich- lorophenol(2,6-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP) on the surface of Ag dendrites by surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) spectra. SEM images indicate that the SERS substrate of Ag dendrites is composed of a large number of polygonal nanocrystallites, which self-assembled into a 3D hierarchical structure. It was found that there were distinct differences for those three molecules from Raman and SERS spectra. This indicates that SERS could be a new tool of detection technique regarding trace amounts of CPs.     

Nanoparticle-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of bacterial spores

The development of ultrasensitive and rapid methods for the detection of bacterial spores is important for medical diagnostics of infectious diseases. While Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic (SERS) techniques have been increasingly demonstrated for achieving this goal, a key challenge is the development of sensitive and stable SERS substrates or probes. This Minireview highlights recent progress in exploring metal nanoparticle-based substrates, especially gold nanoparticle-based substrates, for the detection of biomarkers released from bacterial spores. One recent example involves assemblies of gold nanoparticles on a gold substrate for the highly sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker for bacterial spores such as Bacillus anthracis. This type of substrate exploits a strong SERS effect produced by the particle-particle and particle-substrate plasmonic coupling. It is capable of accurate speciation of the biomarker but also selective detection under various reactive or non-reactive conditions. In the case of detecting Bacillus subtilis spores, the limit of detection is quite comparable (0.1 ppb for DPA, and 1.5 × 10(9) spores per L (or 2.5 × 10(-14) M)) with those obtained using silver nanoparticle-based substrates. Implications of the recent findings for improving the gold nanoparticle-based SERS substrates with ultrahigh sensitivity for the detection of bacterial spores are also discussed.     

Filter-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for rapid and sensitive detection of the fungicide ferbam in water

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely applied for rapid and sensitive detection of various chemical and biological targets. Here, we incorporated a filter syringe system into the SERS method to detect the fungicide ferbam in water. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were aggregated by sodium chloride (NaCl) to form nanoclusters that could be trapped in the pores of the filter membrane to from the SERS-active membrane. Then samples were filtered through the membrane. After capturing the target, the membrane was taken out and air dried before measuring by a Raman instrument. After optimisation of various parameters, the developed filter SERS method was able to detect the fungicide ferbam as low as 2.5 μg/L and had a good quantitative capability. The developed method was successfully applied in three water samples, including double-distilled water, tap water, and pond water. The test can be carried out on site using a portable Raman instrument. This study shows that the filter-based SERS method improves the detection capability in water samples, including the sensitivity and portability, and could be applied in the detection of various toxins in real-world water samples.     

基于光子晶体带边效应的表面增强拉曼基底

将光子晶体的带边效应与金纳米粒子的拉曼散射增强作用相结合,制备了一种新型光子晶体表面增强拉曼散射基底(PC-AuNPs),利用罗丹明B(RhB)作为报告分子,对所得基底性能进行检测.PC-AuNPs基底的制备包括3个步骤:在SiO2微球表面修饰氨基,再通过垂直沉降自组装得到蛋白石结构光子晶体(PC), 最后, 在光子晶体表面负载金纳米粒子(AuNPs).结果表明,光子晶体的带隙范围及AuNPs的负载量直接影响了PC-AuNPs基底的检测效果;以所得的PC-AuNPs基底测定RhB分子,其拉曼散射特征峰强度与浓度对数值呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为I=1711lg[RhB(mol/L)]+15244,线性相关系数R2=0.9994,检出限为1×10-8 mol/L,表明此PC-AuNPs基底可用于目标物的定性及定量检测.本方法提高了传统拉曼散射光谱检测灵敏度,操作简单,具有良好的重现性,可为其它新型检测基底的制备提供.     

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the discrimination of Arthrobacter strains based on variations in cell surface composition

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a rapid and highly sensitive spectroscopic technique that has the potential to measure chemical changes in bacterial cell surface in response to environmental changes. The objective of this study was to determine whether SERS had sufficient resolution to differentiate closely related bacteria within a genus grown on solid and liquid medium, and a single Arthrobacter strain grown in multiple chromate concentrations. Fourteen closely related Arthrobacter strains, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, were used in this study. After performing principal component analysis in conjunction with Linear Discriminant Analysis, we used a novel, adapted cross-validation method, which more faithfully models the classification of spectra. All fourteen strains could be classified with up to 97% accuracy. The hierarchical trees comparing SERS spectra from the liquid and solid media datasets were different. Additionally, hierarchical trees created from the Raman data were different from those obtained using 16S rRNA gene sequences (a phylogenetic measure). A single bacterial strain grown on solid media culture with three different chromate levels also showed significant spectral distinction at discrete points identified by the new Elastic Net regularized regression method demonstrating the ability of SERS to detect environmentally induced changes in cell surface composition. This study demonstrates that SERS is effective in distinguishing between a large number of very closely related Arthrobacter strains and could be a valuable tool for rapid monitoring and characterization of phenotypic variations in a single population in response to environmental conditions.     

Simultaneous and multiplex detection of exosomal microRNAs based on the asymmetric Au@Au@Ag probes with enhanced Raman signal

Simultaneous and quantitative detection of multiple exosomal micro RNAs(miRNAs) was successfully performed by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) assay consisting of Raman probes and capture probes. In this design, the asymmetric core-shell structured Au@Au@Ag nanoparticles were first synthesized by layer-by-layer self-assembly method and modified with different Raman molecules and recognition sequences(poly A-DNA) to prepare the surface-enhanced Raman probes. Then, the streptavidinmodifie...     

表面增强拉曼光谱在细菌耐药性评价方面的研究进展

细菌耐药性问题引发全球关注。表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)凭借灵敏度高、检测速度快等优势在评价细菌耐药性应用方面备受关注。本文首先总结了与细菌耐药性评价相关的SERS基底及检测方法,然后对SERS光谱技术在耐药菌和敏感菌鉴定、细菌生物膜成膜性分析与评价及抗菌药物敏感性筛查方面的应用进行总结,最后对SERS技术在细菌检测方面的一些瓶颈问题展开了讨论。希望本文能为SERS技术在细菌耐药性评价方面的应用提供方法指导和思路借鉴。     

Magnetic assistance highly sensitive protein assay based on surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering

A simple and effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based protocol for the detection of protein-small molecule interactions has been developed. We employed silver-coated magnetic particles (AgMNPs), which can provide high SERS activity as a protein carrier to capture a small molecule. Combining magnetic separation and the SERS method for protein detection, highly reproducible SERS spectra of a protein-small molecule complex can be obtained with high sensitivity. This time-saving method employs an external magnetic field to induce the AgMNPs to aggregate to increase the amount of atto610-biotin/avidin complex in a unit area with the SERS enhancement. Because of the contribution of the AgMNP aggregation to the SERS, this protocol has great potential for practical high-throughput detection of the protein-small molecule complex and the antigen-antibody immunocomplex.     

Acid cleavable surface enhanced raman tagging for protein detection

Dye conjugation is a common strategy improving the surface enhanced Raman detection sensitivity of biomolecules. Reported is a proof-of-concept study of a novel surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic tagging strategy termed as acid-cleavable SERS tag (ACST) method. Using Rhodamine B as the starting material, we prepared the first ACST prototype that consisted of, from the distal end, a SERS tag moiety (STM), an acid-cleavable linker, and a protein reactive moiety. Complete acid cleavage of the ACST tags was achieved at a very mild condition that is 1.5% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) aqueous solution at room temperature. SERS detection of this ACST tagged protein was demonstrated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model protein. While the SERS spectrum of intact ACST-BSA was entirely dominated by the fluorescent signal of STM, quality SERS spectra can be readily obtained with the acid cleaved ACST-BSA conjugates. Separation of the acid cleaved STM from protein further enhances the SERS sensitivity. Current SERS detection sensitivity, achieved with the acid cleaved ACST-BSA conjugate is ～5 nM in terms of the BSA concentration and ～1.5 nM in ACST content. The dynamic range of the cleaved ACST-BSA conjugate spans four orders of magnitudes from ～10 nM to ～100 μM in protein concentrations. Further improvement in the SERS sensitivity can be achieved with resonance Raman acquisition. This cleavable tagging strategy may also be used for elimination of protein interference in fluorescence based biomolecule detection.