无线传感网中基于质心的高效坐标压缩算法

鉴于无线传感网中有限的通信带宽和计算资源, 传感器节点传送压缩后的数据对于系统节能具有十分重要的意义. 本文提出一种利用反正切函数构建的非线性坐标压缩策略来降低系统的数据传输量. 得益于反正切函数的非线性特点, 在质心附近压缩率低, 离质心越远, 压缩率越高. 仿真结果显示, 所提算法特别适应于在质心附近具有高频分量的信号类型. 所提算法具有以下几个特点: 1)采样间隔是非均匀的; 2)可以在采样前实现压缩, 类似于压缩感知; 3)计算复杂度低, 算法简单易实现, 在实际应用中更具有优势. 关键词： 无线传感器网络 坐标压缩 非线性 质心     

Randomness in the bouncing ball dynamics

The dynamics of a vibrated bouncing ball is studied numerically in the reduced impact representation, where the velocity of the bouncing ball is sampled at each impact with the plate (asynchronous sampling). Its random nature is thus fully revealed: (i) the chattering mechanism, through which the ball gets locked on the plate, is accomplished within a limited interval of the plate oscillation phase, and (ii) is well described in impact representation by a special structure of looped, nested bands and (iii) chattering trajectories and strange attractors may coexist for appropriate ranges of the parameter values. Structure and substructure of the chattering bands are well explained in terms of a simple impact map rule. These results are of potential application to the analysis of high-temperature vibrated granular gases.     

基于Langevin问题探讨广义M-J集的物理意义

基于对一典型Langevin问题——在双势井和变化的磁场中并受一恒冲量不断作用的运动带电粒子的动力学分析,利用频闪采样法,给出了描述粒子速度变化规律的复差分方程.选取适当的磁场强度和时间间隔（采样周期）,将这一差分方程简化为用来构造广义M-J（Mandelbrot-Julia）集的复映射,并基于粒子的动力学特征探讨了广义M-J集的物理意义.结果发现：1)广义M-J集的分形结构特征可形象地反映出粒子速度的变化规律;2)选取的时间间隔有、无意义,决定了广义M-J集的分形结构是否具有连续性;3)广义M-J集的演 关键词： Langevin问题 双势井 磁场 广义M-J集 物理意义     

A Modified Monte Carlo Model of Speckle Tracking of Shear Wave Induced by Acoustic Radiation Force for Acousto-Optic Elasticity Imaging

A modified Monte Carlo model of speckle tracking of shear wave propagation in scattering media is proposed.The established Monte Carlo model mainly concerns the variations of optical electric field and speckle.The twodimensional intensity distribution and the time evolution of speckles in different probe locations are obtained.The fluctuation of speckle intensity tracks the acoustic-radiation-force shear wave propagation,and especially the reduction of speckle intensity implies attenuation of shear wave.Then,the shear wave velocity is estimated quantitatively on the basis of the time-to-peak algorithm and linear regression processing.The results reveal that a smaller sampling interval yields higher estimation precision and the shear wave velocity is estimated more efficiently by using speckle intensity difference than by using speckle contrast difference according to the estimation error.Hence,the shear wave velocity is estimated to be 2.25 m/s with relatively high accuracy for the estimation error reaches the minimum(0.071).     

倾斜地层下的井孔声场分析及声速校正图版制作

理解声波在倾斜井孔下的传播规律,对于准确获得目的层真速度有着至关重要的作用。通过有限差分和几何声学分析方法对比了倾斜地层下纵横波首波速度的变化规律,旨在建立倾斜地层下的声速校正图版。研究结果表明,当倾斜地层速度"上低下高"时,从全波中得到的声波速度不再是地层的真实速度,均大于目的层真速度。尤其是当地层界面倾角大于45°时,即便是源距超过了4 m,仍对首波速度有影响,必须对其校正。相反,当倾斜地层速度"上高下低"时,任何源距和地层倾角下的视速度值都接近目的层真速度,可以不予校正。根据以上分析,建立了倾斜地层下的声速校正图版,并指出下层速度的变化对于校正图版有着较大影响,源距的变化对于图版影响很小,在不同源距下可以使用同一个图版。      

基于线阵CCD空间滤波效应的航空相机像移速度测量方法

基于空间滤波测速原理,提出了利用线阵CCD空间滤波效应进行航空相机像移速度测量的新方法。对线阵CCD输出图像进行隔行采样,模拟了多狭缝的空间滤波特性,实现了对航空相机像移速度的光学非接触测量。通过研究空间滤波器的功率谱密度函数,对影响线阵CCD空间滤波特性的关键因素进行了特性分析,并在实验上验证了利用线阵CCD推扫图像模拟多狭缝空间滤波器测量像移速度的可行性。结果表明,对于5～53.2 mm/s范围内的像移速度,测量误差导致的像移量误差不大于1/3 pixel,能够满足航空相机像移补偿精度的要求。     

Comparison on the mixture rules of sound velocities used in characterizing biomedium components

In this paper, several mixtrue rules of sound velocity and their useful ness in characterizing the components of biomedium are analysed. It is pointed out that for characterizing the components of biomedium, the rules are compatible with each other under certain conditions, and the errors between each rule and real sound velocity are diffferent. It concludes that there is no general rule suitable for various media among above mentioned rules.     

Modified scaling angular spectrum method for numerical simulation in long-distance propagation

The angular method(AS)cannot be used in long-distance propagation because it produces severe numerical errors due to the sampling problem in the transfer function.Two ways can solve this problem in AS for long-distance propagation.One is zero-padding to make sure that the calculation window is wide enough,but it leads to a huge calculation burden.The other is a method called band-limited angular spectrum(BLAS),in which the transfer function is truncated and results in that the calculation accuracy decreases as the propagation distance increases.In this paper,a new method called modified scaling angular spectrum(MSAS)to solve the problem for long-distance propagation is proposed.A scaling factor is introduced in MSAS so that the sampling interval of the input plane can be adjusted arbitrarily unlike AS whose sampling interval is restricted by the detector’s pixel size.The sampling interval of the input plane is larger than the detector’s pixel size so the size of calculation window suitable for long-distance field propagation in the input plane is smaller than the size of the calculation window required by the zero-padding.Therefore,the method reduces the calculation redundancy and improves the calculation speed.The results from simulations and experiments show that MSAS has a good signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and the calculation accuracy of MSAS is better than BLAS.     

Bandwidth constraints for passive superluminal propagation through metamaterials

Superluminal transmission of electromagnetic waves is usually observed in a narrow bandwidth range and the velocity outside this range is subluminal. In this paper, it is shown that the transmission coefficient for superluminal propagation through a periodic metamaterial structure satisfies a sum rule. The sum rule and its corresponding physical bound relate frequency regions with a phase velocity above an arbitrary threshold with the thickness of the slab. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental application of CDS CMOS integrated circuit for uncooled infrared focal plane arrays

In this paper, a typical correlated double sampling (CDS) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit for uncooled infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) is theoretically analyzed, the key factor of CDS CMOS integrated circuit is pointed out, and a new CDS integrated circuit which is high correlative for low-frequency noise is applied in an experimental readout chip for uncooled IRFPA. Theoretical analysis indicates that the sample transfer function of a noise source acted on by CDS processing is related to noise frequency and sampling time interval and the key factor of CDS circuit for reducing or eliminating noise in readout integrated circuit is the sampling time interval. The experimental readout chip with high noise-correlative CDS integrated circuit is fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis, which can be applied to uncooled IRFPAs.     

Measurement of pulsatile flow using MRI and a Bayesian technique of probability analysis

This work shows that complete spatial information of periodic pulsatile fluid flows can be rapidly obtained by Bayesian probability analysis of flow encoded magnetic resonance imaging data. These data were acquired as a set of two-dimensional images (complete two-dimensional sampling of k-space or reciprocal position space) but with a sparse (six point) and nonuniform sampling of q-space or reciprocal displacement space. This approach enables more precise calculation of fluid velocity to be achieved than by conventional two q-sample phase encoding of velocities, without the significant time disadvantage associated with the complete flow measurement required for Fourier velocity imaging. For experimental comparison with the Bayesian analysis applied to nonuniformly sampled q-space data, a Fourier velocity imaging technique was used with one-dimensional spatial encoding within a selected slice and a uniform sampling of q-space using 64 values of the pulsed gradients to encode fluid flow. Because the pulsatile flows were axially symmetric within the resolution of the experiment, the radial variation of fluid velocity, in the direction of the pulsed gradients, was reconstructed from one-dimensional spatial projections of the velocity by exploiting the central slice theorem. Data were analysed for internal consistency using linearised flow theories. The results show that nonuniform q-space sampling followed by Bayesian probability analysis is at least as accurate as the combined uniform q-space sampling with Fourier velocity imaging and projection reconstruction method. Both techniques give smaller errors than a two-point sampling of q-space (the conventional flow encoding experiment).     

Quark-hadron duality,axial anomaly and mixing

Interplay between axial anomaly and quark-hadron duality in the presence of strong mixing is considered. The anomaly sum rule for meson transition form factors based on the dispersive representation of axial anomaly and quark-hadron duality in octet channel is analyzed. The comparison of this sum rule to the experimental data on the transition form factors of the η and η′ mesons shows that the interval of duality in this channel is rather small, contradicting the usual understanding of quark-hadron duality. The same values of interval of duality are supported by considering the two-point correlator in the local duality limit. This contradiction may be resolved by introducing of some nonperturbative non-one-pion exchange correction to the relevant spectral density. The form and value of this correction are discussed.     

基于高速肖特基二极管的100 ps瞬态取样门设计与仿真

 皮秒级瞬态取样门主要应用于激光聚变实验和高能物理实验中，对单次高速脉冲进行实时取样。提出了一种新颖的基于肖特基二极管桥的平衡取样门，给出其模型和具体电路设计。电路仿真结果表明，对称的选通设计保证了选通脉宽为100 ps时，取样间隔也为100 ps，取样门带宽为4.4 GHz，可应用于多路超短激光脉冲取样。     

High sampling-rate measurement of turbulence velocity fluctuations in Mach 1.8 Laval jet using interferometric Rayleigh scattering

Interferometric Rayleigh scattering diagnostic technique for the time-resolved measurement of flow velocity is studied. Theoretically, this systematic velocity-measured accuracy can reach up to 1.23 m/s. Measurement accuracy is then evaluated by comparing with hot wire anemometry results. Moreover, the distributions of velocity and turbulence intensity in a supersonic free jet from a Laval nozzle with a Mach number of 1.8 are also obtained quantitatively. The sampling rate in this measurement is determined to be approximately 10 k Hz.     

A new car-following model considering velocity anticipation

The full velocity difference model proposed by Jiang et al. [2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 017101] has been improved by introducing velocity anticipation. Velocity anticipation means the follower estimates the future velocity of the leader. The stability condition of the new model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. Theoretical results show that the stability region increases when we increase the anticipation time interval. The mKdV equation is derived to describe the kink--antikink soliton wave and obtain the coexisting stability line. The delay time of car motion and kinematic wave speed at jam density are obtained in this model. Numerical simulations exhibit that when we increase the anticipation time interval enough, the new model could avoid accidents under urgent braking cases. Also, the traffic jam could be suppressed by considering the anticipation velocity. All results demonstrate that this model is an improvement on the full velocity difference model.     

蒙特卡罗粒子输运软件JMCT抽样工具库设计

为通用型蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序JMCT设计了抽样工具库,通过两种技术途径提供各分布的抽样。一是针对各种常见分布提供特定抽样子程序;二是提供一个通用型的抽样子程序,可以实现任意离散分布和任意一维有限区间上连续分布的自动抽样。在设计任意一维有限区间上连续分布的自动抽样工具时利用了部分开源代码,利用其功能提供给用户最大的方便性。对抽样工具库的检验表明,其可以正确、方便地实现各种输运模拟中常见分布的抽样。     

Image sharing scheme based on combination theory

We present a simple algorithm for sharing and hiding secret image based on combination theory. The secret image is firstly encrypted by matrix multiplications and then shared into many shadow images by multiplying binary random sampling matrices. The sampling matrices randomly assign the pixel values to the shadow images which satisfy a specific combination rule as a constrain, so that the (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme can be implemented. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of this image sharing algorithm.     

采样间隔和投影数对SR-XFMT重构质量的影响

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT(SR-XFMT)是一种能无损、高空间分辨和高灵敏地探测样品内部元素含量和分布的新技术. 对SR-XFMT实验进行了计算机模拟, 讨论了采样间隔和投影数对重构质量的影响, 分析发现采样间隔对重构质量的影响比投影数的影响要大.     

Principal component and sampling analysis of color spectra

We studied the effect and relation between the optimal sampling interval and the optimal number of principal component analysis eigenvectors for color spectra. The effect of different type of light sources and illuminants are included in the study. Several reflectance spectra sets under different real light sources and standard illuminants were used as a test set. The needed sampling interval and number eigenvectors with different light sources and illuminants are found. The used bandwidth in measurements causes effect to the resulted optimal sampling interval, which is also shown.