Hypersurfaces whose tangent geodesics do not cover the ambient space

Let be an immersion of an -dimensional connected manifold in an -dimensional connected complete Riemannian manifold without conjugate points. Assume that the union of geodesics tangent to does not cover . Under these hypotheses we have two results. The first one states that is simply connected provided that the universal covering of is compact. The second result says that if is a proper embedding and is simply connected, then is a normal graph over an open subset of a geodesic sphere. Furthermore, there exists an open star-shaped set such that is a manifold with the boundary .

     

Groups which do not admit ghosts

A ghost in the stable module category of a group is a map between representations of that is invisible to Tate cohomology. We show that the only non-trivial finite -groups whose stable module categories have no non-trivial ghosts are the cyclic groups and . We compare this to the situation in the derived category of a commutative ring. We also determine for which groups the second power of the Jacobson radical of is stably isomorphic to a suspension of .

     

Pseudocompact totally dense subgroups

It was shown by Dikranjan and Shakhmatov in 1992 that if a compact abelian group admits a proper totally dense pseudocompact subgroup, then cannot have a torsion closed -subgroup; moreover this condition was shown to be also sufficient under LH. We prove in ZFC that this condition actually ensures the existence of a proper totally dense subgroup of that contains an -bounded dense subgroup of (such an is necessarily pseudocompact). This answers two questions posed by Dikranjan and Shakhmatov (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 114 (1992), 1119-1129).

     

Linear difference equations with transition points

Two linearly independent asymptotic solutions are constructed for the second-order linear difference equation

where and have power series expansions of the form

with . Our results hold uniformly for in an infinite interval containing the transition point given by . As an illustration, we present an asymptotic expansion for the monic polynomials which are orthogonal with respect to the modified Jacobi weight , , where , -1$"> and is real analytic and strictly positive on .

     

Higher order PDE's and iterated processes

We introduce a class of stochastic processes based on symmetric -stable processes, for . These are obtained by taking Markov processes and replacing the time parameter with the modulus of a symmetric -stable process. We call them -time processes. They generalize Brownian time processes studied in Allouba and Zheng (2001), Allouba (2002), (2003), and they introduce new interesting examples. We establish the connection of -time processes to some higher order PDE's for rational. We also obtain the PDE connection of subordinate killed Brownian motion in bounded domains of regular boundary.

     

An application of Ramsey's Theorem to the Banach Contraction Principle

One of the most fundamental fixed-point theorems is Banach's Contraction Principle, of which the following conjecture is a generalization.

Generalized Banach Contraction Conjecture (GBCC). Let be a self-map of a complete metric space , and let . Let be a positive integer. Assume that for each pair , . Then has a fixed point.

Unlike Banach's original theorem (the case ), the above hypothesis does not compel to be continuous. In this paper we use Ramsey's Theorem from combinatorics to establish the GBCC for arbitrary in the case when is assumed to be continuous, and also derive a result which enables us to prove the GBCC when without the assumption of continuity; it is known that the case includes instances where is not continuous.

     

Dense subsets of maximally almost periodic groups

A (discrete) group is said to be maximally almost periodic if the points of are distinguished by homomorphisms into compact Hausdorff groups. A Hausdorff topology on a group is totally bounded if whenever there is such that . For purposes of this abstract, a family with a totally bounded topological group is a strongly extraresolvable family if (a)  \vert G\vert$">, (b) each is dense in , and (c) distinct satisfy ; a totally bounded topological group with such a family is a strongly extraresolvable topological group.

We give two theorems, the second generalizing the first.

Theorem 1. Every infinite totally bounded group contains a dense strongly extraresolvable subgroup.

Corollary. In its largest totally bounded group topology, every infinite Abelian group is strongly extraresolvable.

Theorem 2. Let be maximally almost periodic. Then there are a subgroup of and a family such that

(i) is dense in every totally bounded group topology on ;

(ii) the family is a strongly extraresolvable family for every totally bounded group topology on such that ; and

(iii) admits a totally bounded group topology as in (ii).

Remark. In certain cases, for example when is Abelian, one must in Theorem 2 choose . In certain other cases, for example when the largest totally bounded group topology on is compact, the choice is impossible.

     

On sums of powers of inverse complete quotients

For an irrational number , let denote its -th continued fraction inverse complete quotient, obtained by deleting the first partial quotients. For any positive real number , we establish the optimal linear bound on the sum of the -th powers of the first complete quotients. That is, we find the smallest constants such that for all and all irrationals .

     

Noether's problem and and its subgroups

We study Noether's problem for various subgroups of the normalizer of a group generated by an -cycle in , the symmetric group of degree , in three aspects according to the way they act on rational function fields, i.e., , and . We prove that it has affirmative answers for those containing properly and derive a -generic polynomial with four parameters for each . On the other hand, it is known in connection to the negative answer to the same problem for that there does not exist a -generic polynomial for . This leads us to the question whether and how one can describe, for a given field of characteristic zero, the set of -extensions . One of the main results of this paper gives an answer to this question.

     

On the Lipschitz classification of normed spaces, unit balls, and spheres

For every normed space , we note its closed unit ball and unit sphere by and , respectively. Let and be normed spaces such that is Lipschitz homeomorphic to , and is Lipschitz homeomorphic to .

We prove that the following are equivalent:

1. is Lipschitz homeomorphic to .

2. is Lipschitz homeomorphic to .

3. is Lipschitz homeomorphic to .

This result holds also in the uniform category, except (2 or 3) 1 which is known to be false.

     

Properly embedded least area planes in Gromov hyperbolic -spaces

Let be a Gromov hyperbolic -space with cocompact metric, and the sphere at infinity of . We show that for any simple closed curve in , there exists a properly embedded least area plane in spanning . This gives a positive answer to Gabai's conjecture from 1997. Soma has already proven this conjecture in 2004. Our technique here is simpler and more general, and it can be applied to many similar settings.

     

Local and global -regularity

A bounded domain is called -regular if the plurisubharmonic envelope of every continuous function on extends continuously to . We show using Gauthier's Fusion Lemma that a domain is locally -regular if and only if it is -regular.

     

Universal Toda brackets of ring spectra

We construct and examine the universal Toda bracket of a highly structured ring spectrum . This invariant of is a cohomology class in the Mac Lane cohomology of the graded ring of homotopy groups of which carries information about and the category of -module spectra. It determines for example all triple Toda brackets of and the first obstruction to realizing a module over the homotopy groups of by an -module spectrum.

For periodic ring spectra, we study the corresponding theory of higher universal Toda brackets. The real and complex -theory spectra serve as our main examples.

     

Induced operators on symmetry classes of tensors

Let be an -dimensional Hilbert space. Suppose is a subgroup of the symmetric group of degree , and is a character of degree 1 on . Consider the symmetrizer on the tensor space

defined by and . The vector space

is a subspace of , called the symmetry class of tensors over associated with and . The elements in of the form are called decomposable tensors and are denoted by . For any linear operator acting on , there is a (unique) induced operator acting on satisfying

In this paper, several basic problems on induced operators are studied.

     

Codes over rings of size four, Hermitian lattices, and corresponding theta functions

Let be an imaginary quadratic field with ring of integers , where is a square free integer such that , and let is a linear code defined over . The level theta function of is defined on the lattice , where is the natural projection. In this paper, we prove that:

i) for any such that , and have the same coefficients up to ,

ii) for , determines the code uniquely,

iii) for , there is a positive dimensional family of symmetrized weight enumerator polynomials corresponding to .

     

Identification of some real interpolation spaces

We interrelate the real interpolation spaces associated with the couples , and , proving among others the identities

for all .

     

The Banach algebra induced by a double centralizer

Given a Banach algebra , R. Larsen defined, in his book ``An introduction to the theory of multipliers", a Banach algebra by means of a multiplier on , and essentially used it in the case of a commutative semisimple Banach algebra to prove a result on multiplications which preserve regular maximal ideals. Here, we consider the analogue Banach algebra induced by a bounded double centralizer of a Banach algebra . Then, our main concern is devoted to the relationships between , , and the algebras of bounded double centralizers and of and , respectively. By removing the assumption of semisimplicity, we generalize some results proven by Larsen.

     

A strong comparison principle for the -Laplacian

We consider weak solutions of the differential inequality of p-Laplacian type

such that on a smooth bounded domain in and either or is a weak solution of the corresponding Dirichlet problem with zero boundary condition. Assuming that on the boundary of the domain we prove that , and assuming that on the boundary of the domain we prove unless . The novelty is that the nonlinearity is allowed to change sign. In particular, the result holds for the model nonlinearity with .

     

Entire solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in and a conjecture of De Giorgi

In 1978 De Giorgi formulated the following conjecture. Let be a solution of in all of such that and 0$"> in . Is it true that all level sets of are hyperplanes, at least if ? Equivalently, does depend only on one variable? When , this conjecture was proved in 1997 by N. Ghoussoub and C. Gui. In the present paper we prove it for . The question, however, remains open for . The results for and 3 apply also to the equation for a large class of nonlinearities .

     

Covering maps that are not compositions of covering maps of lesser order

In 1995 J.W. Heath asked which exactly -to-one maps are compositions of exactly -to-one maps with . This paper deals with compositions of covering maps. Exactly -to-one covering maps on locally arcwise connected continua that are not factorable into covering maps of order are constructed for all 's, and characterized in algebraic terms (fundamental groups). They are not proper compositions of exactly -to-one maps, open maps, or locally one-to-one maps.