新课标下物理实验教学改革的探索与实践

新课程实验教学改革的一个重要特点，或者说新课程教学有别于以“接受式教学”为主的旧课程教学的一大亮点，是在教学设计上十分重视“自主探究式教学”模式．新课改更加重视开发学生的智力，发展学生的创造性思维，培养学生的自学和创新能力，突现“知识与技能、过程和方法、情感态度与价值观”三维一体的教学目标，并力图通过自主探究式教学模式，引导学生提高自学能力，掌握科学研究和科学实验方法，为终身学习和工作奠定坚实的基础．     

高中物理"问题教学模式"的构建与实践

1问题教学模式的由来 近年来，随着人们对学生学习、求知能力的关注，各中小学都开始重视对学生学习策略和自主学习能力的研究．笔者对自己的教学工作、教学手段和教学思路进行了一些梳理和思考，感觉到最困惑的现象有几个：     

自主导学系统演示动画资源库的构建

大学物理作为农林类高等学校一门重要的公共基础课，大学物理教育改革直接关系到农业高等教育的蜃孽和水平．高等学校传统的灌输式教学模式使得学生处于被动接受知识的状态，失去学习兴趣和积极性，也不利于学生创造性思维能力和解决问题能力的培养，为此应构建农林类大学物理自主导学系统．该系统是以问题的形式进行引导学生自主学习和研究性学习，并有物理教学资源库支撑，而演示动画资源库是其中的重要组成部分．     

浅析新理念下的物理探究教学

新课程改革对新形势下的教学提出了比较明确、具体的要求：物理课程应该改变过分强调知识传承的倾向，让学生经历科学探究过程，学习科学研究方法，培养学生的探索精神、实践能力以及创新意识．改革以书本为主、实验为辅的教学模式，提倡探究的教学方式，鼓励将信息技术渗透于物理教学之中．强调要改变过去那种教师只关注教，忽视学生的学，学生成为被动接受知识的“容器”．信息交流的方式单一，课堂成为讲堂，这种接受式教育一定程度上妨碍学生视野和思路的开阔，甚至扼杀了学生的聪明才智和创造潜能．     

多元化教学方案实现大学物理“灵动课堂”

大学物理是高校理工科学生重要的公共必修课，能为后续专业课提供必要的物理理论和科学思维培养.线上线下教学模式下，相较于传统教学模式，需突出教师引领和学生自主能力.通过多元化的教学方案，搭建的实验+理论、作业+成果、第一课堂+第二课堂的“灵动课堂”,使得师生动起来，知识活起来，头脑灵起来，课上课下“连续动”.在培养学生思维、激发学习动机、促进教学产出方面发挥了积极作用，最终实现知识、技能、思维和素养共同培养下的“终身能动”目标.     

同侪教学--基于建构主义与现代教育技术的物理教学模式

同侪教学（peer instruction）是由美国哈佛大学针对传统大学物理教学的缺失，设计的一种教学模式，现已在百所大学，经历了长达10年的实践探索．从教育信息学的角度看，在传统的讲授式的大学物理教学中，教师的任务是呈现教学材料，学生则要求认真听取教师的讲解并做好笔记．这样，知识信息的流动是单向的，既缺乏师生间的互动，又缺乏学生间的交流．“同侪”，意思是同类的人．     

营造合作学习氛围 转变学生学习方式

长期以来，许多物理教师不适应当今高节奏、大容量、自主开放的教学思路，仍采用“教师为主、学生为辅”的教师讲、学生听教学模式，学生处于消极的、被动的局面，学生的主动性、创造性因此受到抑制．     

浅谈初中物理实验教学中学生自主能力的培养

物理是一门以实验为基础的自然学科,在物理教学中,如果能充分发挥物理实验的多种功能和作用,不但可以帮助学生理解和掌握知识,更能培养学生的自主能力．然而在传统的物理实验教学中,无论是教师的演示实验还是学生的分组实验,都或多或少地存在一定的不足．     

信息技术与物理教学整合的理论与实践

信息技术与学科教学的整合，是我国面向21世纪基础教育教学改革的新视点．它的研究与实践改革了传统的教学观念，为学生主体性、创造性的发挥创设了良好的基础，使学校教育朝着自主的、有特色的课程教学方向发展．那么，如何突破传统的教学模式，充分利用计算机特别是互联网带来的巨大信息量，做好信息技术与物理学科的整合工作，构建新型的教学方式，进一步以现代信息技术为基础来实现教育和教学的创新，这有待于今后长期的努力．本文谈谈我们在学习与实践中的体会．     

混合式教学在大学物理实验中的应用分析

在“ 互联网+教育”的时代背景下为积极推进《 大学物理实验》课程的教学改革, 本研究结合S a k a i网络 学习空间开展了《 大学物理实验》混合式教学活动, 通过将混合式教学与传统教学进行对比, 以期获得混合式教学 模式给教师以及学生带来的改变和影响. 应用表明本教学实践不仅减轻了教师的工作量、 优化管理, 还以量化的形 式展示学生的学习详情, 提高对线下实验指导的针对性, 通过线上自主学习提高了学生的自主学习能力和预习效 果     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Atomic and electronic structures and stability of icosahedral nanodiamonds and onions

The relative stability of alternative carbon nanoparticles with icosahedral symmetry, such as diamond-like nanocrystallites and multiwalled fullerenes (onions), is investigated using the parametric model and the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. It is demonstrated that an increase in the size of particles and their hydrogenation favor the stabilization of diamond-like nanocrystallites. The formation of “intermediate” nanostructures consisting of diamond-like nanocrystallites inside the fullerene cage is revealed. The electronic spectra of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles are calculated.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.