ICP-AES法测定铋系超导材料中合金组分含量

提出了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定铋系超导材料合金元素的含量。通过试验确定试样溶样方法,最终采用硝酸 盐酸溶解样品；选择Bi223.061 (151)；Pb216.999(155)；Sr346.446(97)；Ca315.887(106)；Cu224.700(149)作为元素分析谱线；确定最佳的仪器工作参数。应用此方法进行回收试验,回收率99%～102% ,RSD小于1.0%,。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铋黄铜合金中微量元素

利用ICP-AES(电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪)研究了铋黄铜合金中铋、锑、铅、砷、铝、铁元素的测定方法,对仪器参数、分析谱线、干扰情况等因素进行了研究,确定了合适的谱线,并对铋黄铜合金进行精密度和回收实验。结果表明,相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率在94%～106%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定高温合金中痕量铋的测量不确定度评定

介绍氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法(HG–AFS)测定高温合金中痕量铋(Bi)的不确定度评定方法,建立了数学模型,分析了测量过程中不确定度的来源,并对不确定度分量进行了量化。当高温合金中铋含量为0.00016%时,扩展不确定度为0.00002%(k=2)。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中的铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡和碲

建立快速测定铅铋合金中铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡、碲含量的X射线荧光光谱法。采用自制的铅铋合金样品作为标准样品,用台式车床制样,用X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中各元素含量,并用α理论系数法和经验系数法相结合对基体效应进行校正。各组分校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.998,检出限为5.54～101μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.06%～7.73%(n=9)。用该方法对3个铅铋合金样品进行分析,测定结果与参考值吻合,相对误差小于8.33%。该方法简便快捷,结果准确,能满足铅铋合金中各元素检测要求,对炉前分析具有很强的实用价值。     

ICP-OES法测定镍铬合金中Si、Mn、Fe、Ti、Al、Cu

本文建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定镍铬合金中Si、Mn、Fe、Ti、Al、Cu元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,采用基体匹配消除干扰。对方法精密度和准确度进行实验,实验结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差均小于3%,加标回收率在86.8%～106.9%之间,镍铬合金(GBW(E)020023)标准物质的各元素测定结果均与标准值一致。所建方法快速、准确,适用于镍铬合金中多元素同时测定。     

ICP—AES法测定含高钽镍基高温合金中的硼

采用ICP-AES法测定含高钽(4%～7%)镍基高温合金中的硼元素.通过试验探讨了镍基高温合金中基体元素,主量元素如铬、钴、钨、钼、钽、铌、铼等对硼元素分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,采用基体匹配法对基体干扰进行校正,确定了合适的分析谱线.方法的线性范围为0～4mg/L,检出限为0.0005%.测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%～2.60%(n-8),回收率为94.0%-97.3%.     

高流速辉光放电质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素北大核心CSCD

基于高流速辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)的质谱干扰消除技术,对镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素的质谱干扰与同位素选择进行了研究,用于高性能镍基单晶高温合金的纯净化水平评价。固体样品采用直接进样,通过复杂基体质谱干扰计算判定、共存元素干扰消除等方式,确定了待测元素的同位素和分辨率模式,通过相应标准物质对待测元素的相对灵敏度因子进行校正,采用高流速GDMS测定镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素。结果表明,痕量元素的检出限(3s)为1.04×10^(-7)%~6.60×10^(-3)%,大部分元素的检出限达到0.1μg·g^(-1)级别;对内控标准物质DD6-6#测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.59%~13%。方法分析结果与不同分析方法对照、标准物质比对,结果吻合度高。     

在线双毛细管-氢化物火焰原子吸收光谱法测定砷、锑、铋、汞、硒和锡

1引言使用氢化物原子吸收光谱(HG-AAS)法测定As、Sb、B、iHg、Se和Sn已有报道。但将氢化物在线引入空气乙炔焰,用火焰法快速测定这些元素的方法少见报道。本实验利用双毛细管装置,建立了在线HG-AAS测定As、Sb、B、iHg、Se和Sn的方法,该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏度高,干扰少和KBH4用量少的优点。2实验部分2.1仪器及试剂GGX-9型原子吸收分光光度计;微型多功能进样装置(自制专利产品);空心阴极灯;盐酸(1 1);硫脲溶液(5%);抗坏血酸溶液(5%);KBH4溶液(1%,2%);邻二氮菲溶液(1%);As、Sb、B、iHg、Se、Sn的标准溶液;蒸馏水;其余试剂…     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中36种痕量元素

基于高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)的质谱干扰消除技术,对镍基单晶高温合金中36种痕量元素检测的质谱条件、基体干扰、质谱干扰与同位素选择进行了研究。取样品0.100 0 g,用体积比为3∶1的盐酸-硝酸混合酸10 mL、氢氟酸1 mL溶解,用水定容至250 mL。通过复杂基体质谱干扰计算判定、共存元素干扰消除,确定了待测元素的同位素和分辨模式,将镍基单晶高温合金中痕量元素准确测定的元素种类确定为36种。采用标准加入法进行定量分析,36种痕量元素的检出限(3s)为0.004～6.000μg·L^-1。方法用于分析国际标准物质,得到的测定值与认定值基本一致。方法用于镍基单晶高温合金样品分析,36种痕量元素的检出量为0.000 001 0%～0.018%。     

ICP-MS法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中的镓、锡、锑、铅、铋

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素的含量。以盐酸–硝酸(体积比3∶1)混合酸为消解剂,利用微波消解仪消解样品,以Rh(10μg/L)为内标元素。镓的线性范围为0～50μg/g,锡、锑、铅的线性范围为0～20μg/g,铋的线性范围为0～2μg/g,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.01,0.2,0.1,0.07,0.006μg/g。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准值之间的相对误差在7.7%～22.7%范围内。样品加标回收率为98.2%～108.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.1%～1.5%(n=5)。该方法可以快速、准确地对镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素进行同时测定。     

Stoichiometry of superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy. Determination of Cu(III)/Cu(II) ratio and oxygen content

The electrical properties of the high T_c superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_y depend on its oxygen content. The oxygen content is indirectly determined by iodimetric measurement of the oxidation state of copper. A combination of two titrations, with and without addition of KI, prior to dissolving the sample permits the determination of the two species Cu(II) and Cu(III). A simplified automatic titration with potentiometric detection of the end-point is described. The method is suitable for rapid and reliable determinations of the Cu(III)/Cu(II) ratio and total copper content and for controlling the stoichiometry of the compound.Samples of the superconductor were analysed and the stoichiometric coefficient y for oxygen was determined with excellent results. Typically, y=6.811 ± 0.0063 (s.d.) (n=5). A comparison of the total copper content (found by direct analytical determination) with the copper concentration calculated from the stoichiometric formula gives an evaluation of possible deterioration of the sample.     

Accurate and precise spectrochemical analysis of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high-temperature superconductor materials

For quality tests of ceramic Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor materials (precursors and final products) accurate stoichiometric determinations of the metallic major components are necessary. Three methods were developed during the last decade in our group. Their properties and the results obtained are compared. The first classical analytical procedure requires to much manpower. The second combined chemical-spectrometric procedure is a routine method today, but also unsuitable for rapid tests. A new fully spectrometric procedure was recently developed using a simultaneously working Echelle spectrometer with CID detector, autosampler and a special self-made data evaluation software. The basis of this method are multiline measurements of each analyte element, a new method of spectral line selection for main component precision determinations, multi-component calibrations, and frequent external standardizations. For this method the sum of the confidence intervals of all element determinations was less than 1%, and no systematic error was detected.     

Accurate and precise spectrochemical analysis of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high-temperature superconductor materials

For quality tests of ceramic Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor materials (precursors and final products) accurate stoichiometric determinations of the metallic major components are necessary. Three methods were developed during the last decade in our group. Their properties and the results obtained are compared. The first classical analytical procedure requires to much manpower. The second combined chemical-spectrometric procedure is a routine method today, but also unsuitable for rapid tests. A new fully spectrometric procedure was recently developed using a simultaneously working Echelle spectrometer with CID detector, autosampler and a special self-made data evaluation software. The basis of this method are multi-line measurements of each analyte element, a new method of spectral line selection for main component precision determinations, multi-component calibrations, and frequent external standardizations. For this method the sum of the confidence intervals of all element determinations was less than 1%, and no systematic error was detected.     

铋试金法测定高铋物料中的银

火法试金最常用的为铅试金,当物料中铋的质量百分含量15%时,铅试金分析方法测定银量结果精密度差,且结果偏低。实验中研究了铋试金测定高铋铅阳极泥中银量的方法、铋试金和铅试金方法过程对比、铋试金方法中杂质元素Sb,Cu,As,Ni,Pb的干扰、铋试金过程中铋扣直接溶解滴定和铋扣灰吹二次试金方法对比。通过多家单位对精密度和加标回收率的考察,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.33%~0.84%,加标回收率在96.38%~100.62%,方法准确、可靠。     

Quantitative depth profile analysis of high-Tc-superconductors with sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS)

Summary SNMS, a new surface sensitive as well as a bulk analysis technique, has been applied to the quantitative compositional depth profiling analysis of conductive and insulating thin films. Its performance is demonstrated by investigation of YBCO superconductor bulk analysis and sputter deposited layers on single crystalline substrates of SrTiO₃ and Al₂O₃. A stable stoichiometric volume has been observed in bulk material and thin films respectively. Inside a range of 500 nm from the surface, the composition deviates strongly from the stoichiometric concentration of Y and Ba. Comparative measurements with a freshly cleaved piece of YBCO bulk material which was immediately loaded into the ultrahigh vacuum analysis chamber show constant and stoichiometric concentration of all faced elements (Y, Ba, Cu, O) from the beginning of surface etching. The ratio of Y to Ba and Cu varied by less than 2%, the ratio Cu to oxygen by less than 5% from the nominal composition 1-2-3 (4).

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Quantitative Tiefenprofilanalyse von HT_c-Supraleitern mit SNMS

     

Spectrophotometric Study of 1, 3-Cyclohexanedione Bisthiosemicarbazone Monohydrochloride -Bi (III) Complex. Determination of Bi (III)

Abstract

The spectrophotometric study was made of red-violet 1, 3-cyclohexanedione bis-thiosemicarbazone-Bi (III) in an acidic dimethylformamide-water solution (λ_max = 540 nm, ? = 3.3 × 10^?4 1. mol^?1. cm^?1, stoichiometry 3:1, apparent stability constant (6.0 × 10¹⁰). A new method for the spectrophotometric determination of Bi (III) is proposed for concentrations between 0.7 and 7.4 ppm. The relative error (95 % confidence level) is 0.5 % for 3.7 ppm of Bi (III).

The extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone of the red-violet complex was also studied spectrophotometrically (λ_max = 550 nm, ? = 3.34 × 10⁴ 1. mol^?1.cm^?1, stoichiometry 2:1). A new method for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of Bi (III) is proposed for concentrations, in aqueous phase, between 0.2 and 1.2 ppm. The relative error (95 % confidence level) is 0.8 % for 0.9 ppm of Bi (III).     

Preparation of Nano‐bismuth with Different Particle Sizes and the Size Dependent Electrochemical Thermodynamics

Nano‐bismuth has excellent electrochemical properties. However, it is still unclear how the particle size of nano‐bismuth influences its electrochemical thermodynamic properties. In this paper, spherical bismuth nanoparticles with different particle sizes were prepared by solvothermal method; the electrode potentials, the temperature coefficients of the electrode potentials and the thermodynamic functions of reaction for nano‐bismuth electrodes with different particle sizes at different temperatures were determined; and the effects of particle size on the electrode potential, the temperature coefficient and the thermodynamic functions were discussed. The experimental results show that particle size of bismuth nanoparticles has a significant influences on the electrochemical thermodynamic properties. The standard electrode potential of the nano‐bismuth electrode with a diameter of 39.9 nm was 0.009 V lower than that of the ordinary standard electrode (0.308 V); the temperature coefficient of the electrode potential with a diameter of 39.9 nm was nearly double that of 85.9 nm. With the particle sizes decrease, the standard molar Gibbs energy of reaction, the standard molar enthalpy of reaction, the standard molar entropy of reaction, the molar reversible reaction heat and the temperature coefficient increase; and these quantities are linearly related to the reciprocal of the particle diameter.     

二苯并-18-冠-6与碱金属苦味酸盐在氯仿中的相互作用

研究一种方法以测定二苯并-18-冠-6在氯仿中与碱金属苦味酸盐相互作用的若干参数。这些参数是:络合物的无限稀释摩尔电导 A_0,络合物的解离常数 K_d(或 k_d),络合物中冠醚与盐的分子比,冠醚对苦味酸盐的络合常数 K_c(或 k_c),以及冠醚存在下苦味酸盐紧密离子对的饱和浓度[MA]等。     

锌镁铝类水滑石负载碘氧化铋的制备与表征

采用水热法将碘氧化铋(BiOI)负载到锌镁铝类水滑石(ZnMgAl-HTLCs)上制备得到BiOI/ZnMgAl-HTLCs可见光催化剂。 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等技术手段考察了BiOI负载质量分数、反应温度、反应时间及加料顺序等因素对BiOI/ZnMgAl-HTLCs光催化剂结构及形貌的影响。 结果表明,在制备BiOI/ZnMgAl-HTLCs材料中先加入锌镁铝类水滑石,负载质量分数为40%的BiOI,反应温度为140 ℃,反应时间为24 h,可以得到结晶度高和形貌较好的BiOI/ZnMgAl-HTLCs。     

Determination of barium,copper and yttrium in superconductor materials by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry

Barium, copper and yttrium (or a rare earth element) in superconductor and related materials were determined by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry. Relative standard deviations of repeated determinations were about 2%. The results obtained with this method agree within 2% (average relative deviation) of those obtained with chemical methods.