修正的虚拟介质方法用于水下爆炸冲击薄板的模拟

近期发展的修正的虚拟介质方法(MGFM)已经成功应用于求解多介质流动问题.本文研究了近体水下爆炸中强激波对薄板冲击的演变及薄板的动力响应过程.为了真实地考虑不同介质在界面处的非线性相互作用,本文将MGFM推广应用于处理流体与弹性薄板的相互作用.研究发现尽管流体和薄板结构的模拟基于各自不同的求解方法,但是用修正的虚拟介质...     

真实虚拟流方法在多介质可压缩流动模拟中的应用

为了克服原始虚拟流方法(ghost fluid method,GFM)在处理激波与大密度比流体-流体（气-水）界面相互作用时遇到的困难,采用真实虚拟流法(real ghost fluid method,RGFM)处理流体界面附近的虚拟点,结合HLLC(Harten-Lax-Van Leer with contact discontinuities)格式求解Euler方程,采用五阶WENO(weighted essentially nonoscillatory)格式求解level set输运方程。通过一维和二维算例的物质界面捕捉研究,证明RGFM在处理小密度比界面问题时优于GFM,同时RGFM还可用于求解激波与大密度比物质界面相互作用问题。计算表明,将RGFM引入到本文算法中,可精确捕捉到激波与界面（气-气、气-水界面）相互作用的变化细节,包括大密度比界面的剧烈变形和破碎,并具有较高的计算分辨率。     

两介质流界面-激波相互作用RKDG 方法应用分析

为精确模拟多介质流界面运动现象,采用RKDG方法结合虚拟流体方法对气-气、气-液和液-气等多种界面-激波相互作用问题展开研究。数值结果表明,RKDG方法的时空高精度特征使其能够精确、稳健地求解各种复杂界面运动问题。最后,对水下激波自由面折射问题用多种DG格式限制器进行了计算,对比了它们的间断捕捉能力。     

用改进的ghost fluid方法模拟强激波与界面的相互作用

为了解决原来的ghost fluid方法在计算强激波和界面相互作用时界面附近出现的速度和压力振荡问题,对原来的ghost fluid方法进行了改进,通过在界面处构造Riemann问题并求出界面的压力和速度,ghost fluid流体的压力和速度分别用界面的压力和速度代替,ghost流体的密度通过熵常数外推得到。改进的ghost fluid保持了原来的ghost fluid的简单性,对一维强激波与气-气、气-液界面的相互作用问题以及射流问题进行了数值计算,得到了分辨率较高的计算结果。     

非结构动网格在多介质流体数值模拟中的应用

采用非结构动网格方法对含多介质的流场进行数值模拟.采用改进的弹簧方法来处理由于边界运动而产生的网格变形.采用基于格心的有限体积方法求解守恒型的ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangiall-Eulerian)方程,控制面通量的计算采用HLLC(Hartem,Lax,van Leer,Contact)方法,采用几何构造的方法使空间达到二阶精度,时间离散采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法.物质界面的处理采用虚拟流体方法.本文对含动边界的激波管、水下爆炸等流场进行数值模拟,取得较好的结果,不同时刻界面的位置和整个扩张过程被准确模拟.     

Level Set方法和多介质可压缩流

多介质可压缩流问题计算的关键是如何精确的捕获不同时刻物质界面的位置,从而将多介质问题分解成多个单介质问题去处理.Level Set方法的优点是不用显示的追踪物质界面,而用距离函数就能精确定位界面.同时,用Level Set方法追踪界面运动易于处理界面拓扑结构的变化、易于处理大变形问题.本文成功地将Level Set方法应用在二维多介质可压缩流计算.     

求解无粘可压Euler方程组的虚拟流方法

首先将三阶Godunov型半离散中心迎风格式推广到四阶,之后再将该新的四阶半离散中心迎风格式与Level Set方法以及虚拟流方法结合起来,成功地处理了非反应激波问题和多介质流中的爆轰间断问题。由于Level Set函数能隐式地追踪到界面的位置,而虚拟流的构造能隐式地捕捉到界面的边界条件,故而本文的方法可以很自然地推广到多维情况。     

基于四阶半离散中心迎风格式的虚拟流方法的应用

给出了求解多维无粘可压Euler方程组的四阶半离散中心迎风格式,该格式根据非线性波在网格单元边界上传播的局部速度来更准确地估计局部Riemann的宽度,避免了计算网格的交错,降低了格式的数值粘性。同时,考虑到Level Set函数能隐式地追踪到界面的位置,而虚拟流的构造能隐式地捕捉到界面的边界条件,因此再将新的四阶半离散中心迎风格式与Level Set方法以及虚拟流方法相结合,成功地处理了非反应激波和多介质流中爆轰间断的追踪问题。     

圆柱形汇聚激波诱导 Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定的 SPH 模拟

汇聚激波诱导不同物质界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定现象在惯性约束核聚变领域有重要的学术意义和工程背景.基于网格离散的宏观流体力学方法由于数值扩散问题往往需要高阶精度算法才能准确追踪界面演化,且对大变形和破碎合并等复杂界面追踪也极为困难.光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particlehydrodynamics,SPH)方法采用纯拉格朗日算法,可以有效克服上述难点.但经典SPH算法需采用人工黏性处理强间断,在激波间断处往往会出现严重的非物理振荡,对于涉及强冲击不稳定性问题,很难达到理想的模拟效果.本文采用基于HLL黎曼求解器的SPH算法,实现了对强激波和大密度比物质界面的有效分辨和追踪.一维数值校核证明了代码的可靠性、健壮性,并进一步模拟了二维圆柱形汇聚冲击波冲击四边形轻/重气界面诱导的RM不稳定性问题,与已有实验结果进行了对比,发现模拟结果与实验结果吻合.通过分析界面演化过程中的密度及压力变化,发现本文所采用的方法可准确地追踪激波与界面作用的复杂界面和波系演化规律.研究结果为进一步理解和解释汇聚冲击条件下的RM不稳定性机理奠定了基础.      

圆柱形汇聚激波诱导Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定的SPH模拟

汇聚激波诱导不同物质界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定现象在惯性约束核聚变领域有重要的学术意义和工程背景.基于网格离散的宏观流体力学方法由于数值扩散问题往往需要高阶精度算法才能准确追踪界面演化,且对大变形和破碎合并等复杂界面追踪也极为困难.光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法采用纯拉格朗日算法,可以有效克服上述难点.但经典SPH算法需采用人工黏性处理强间断,在激波间断处往往会出现严重的非物理振荡,对于涉及强冲击不稳定性问题,很难达到理想的模拟效果.本文采用基于HLL黎曼求解器的SPH算法,实现了对强激波和大密度比物质界面的有效分辨和追踪.一维数值校核证明了代码的可靠性、健壮性,并进一步模拟了二维圆柱形汇聚冲击波冲击四边形轻/重气界面诱导的RM不稳定性问题,与已有实验结果进行了对比,发现模拟结果与实验结果吻合.通过分析界面演化过程中的密度及压力变化,发现本文所采用的方法可准确地追踪激波与界面作用的复杂界面和波系演化规律.研究结果为进一步理解和解释汇聚冲击条件下的RM不稳定性机理奠定了基础.     

Modified ghost fluid method for three-dimensional compressible multimaterial flows with interfaces exhibiting large curvature and topological change

In order to capture the material interface dynamics, especially under the impact of strong shocks, the key feature of the modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) is to construct a multimaterial Riemann problem normal to the interface and use its solution to define interface conditions. However, such process sometimes may not be easily or accurately implemented when the multidimensional interfaces come into contact or undergo significant deformations. In this article, a three-dimensional interface treating procedure is developed for a wide range of compressible multimaterial flows. It utilizes the MGFM with an explicit approximate Riemann problem solver to define interface conditions. More importantly, a weighted average technique is designed to optimize the treatment for interfaces exhibiting large curvature and topological change. This remedies two defects of the traditional approach in these extreme cases. One is that the normal directions of interfacial ghost nodes may not be easily calculated. The other is that the interface conditions may not be accurately defined. The numerical methodology is validated through several typical problems, including gas-liquid Riemann problem and shock-bubble/droplet interaction. These results indicate that the developed method is capable of dealing with interfacial evolutions in three dimensions, especially when interfaces undergo merger, fragmentation, and other complex changes.     

Numerical simulation of compressible multifluid flows using an adaptive positivity-preserving RKDG-GFM approach

The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method together with a refined real-ghost fluid method is incorporated into an adaptive mesh refinement environment for solving compressible multifluid flows, where the level set method is used to capture the moving material interface. To ensure that the Riemann problem is exactly along the normal direction of the material interface, a simple and efficient modification is introduced into the original real-ghost fluid method for constructing the interfacial Riemann problem, and the initial conditions of the Riemann problem are obtained directly from the solution polynomials of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element space. In addition, a positivity-preserving limiter is introduced into the Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method to suppress the failure of preserving positivity of density or pressure for the problems involving strong shock wave or shock interaction with material interface. For interfacial cells in adaptive mesh refinement, the data transfer between different grid levels is achieved by using a L² projection approach along with the least squares fitting. Various numerical cases, including multifluid shock tubes, underwater explosions, and shock-induced collapse of a underwater air bubble, are computed to assess the capability of the present adaptive positivity-preserving RKDG-GFM approach, and the simulated results show that the present approach is quite robust and can provide relatively reasonable results across a wide variety of flow regimes, even for problems involving strong shock wave or shock wave impacting high acoustic impedance mismatch material interface.     

A CWENO ghost fluid method for compressible multimaterial flow

In this work a new ghost fluid method (GFM) is introduced for multimaterial compressible flow with arbitrary equation of states. In previous researches, it has been shown that accurate wave decomposition at the interface by solving a Riemann problem alleviates the shortcomings of the standard GFM in dealing with the impingement of strong waves onto the interface but these Riemann‐based GFM are not consistent with the framework of the central WENO scheme in which the emphasis is to avoid solving Riemann problems at control volume faces and enjoy the black box property (being independent of equation of state). The aim of this work is to develop a new GFM that is completely consistent with the methodology behind central schemes; that is, it enjoys a black box property. The capabilities of the proposed GFM method is shown by solving various types of multimaterial compressible flows including gas–gas, gas–water and fluid–solid interfaces interacting with strong shock waves in one and two space dimensions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards numerical simulations of supersonic liquid jets using ghost fluid method

A computational tool based on the ghost fluid method (GFM) is developed to study supersonic liquid jets involving strong shocks and contact discontinuities with high density ratios. The solver utilizes constrained reinitialization method and is capable of switching between the exact and approximate Riemann solvers to increase the robustness. The numerical methodology is validated through several benchmark test problems; these include one-dimensional multiphase shock tube problem, shock–bubble interaction, air cavity collapse in water, and underwater-explosion. A comparison between our results and numerical and experimental observations indicate that the developed solver performs well investigating these problems. The code is then used to simulate the emergence of a supersonic liquid jet into a quiescent gaseous medium, which is the very first time to be studied by a ghost fluid method. The results of simulations are in good agreement with the experimental investigations. Also some of the famous flow characteristics, like the propagation of pressure-waves from the liquid jet interface and dependence of the Mach cone structure on the inlet Mach number, are reproduced numerically. The numerical simulations conducted here suggest that the ghost fluid method is an affordable and reliable scheme to study complicated interfacial evolutions in complex multiphase systems such as supersonic liquid jets.     

Numerical simulation of compressible two-phase flow using a diffuse interface method

In this article, a high-resolution diffuse interface method is investigated for simulation of compressible two-phase gas–gas and gas–liquid flows, both in the presence of shock wave and in flows with strong rarefaction waves similar to cavitations. A Godunov method and HLLC Riemann solver is used for discretization of the Kapila five-equation model and a modified Schmidt equation of state (EOS) is used to simulate the cavitation regions. This method is applied successfully to some one- and two-dimensional compressible two-phase flows with interface conditions that contain shock wave and cavitations. The numerical results obtained in this attempt exhibit very good agreement with experimental results, as well as previous numerical results presented by other researchers based on other numerical methods. In particular, the algorithm can capture the complex flow features of transient shocks, such as the material discontinuities and interfacial instabilities, without any oscillation and additional diffusion. Numerical examples show that the results of the method presented here compare well with other sophisticated modeling methods like adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and local mesh refinement (LMR) for one- and two-dimensional problems.