电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定高铼酸钾中的19种杂质元素

建立了一种用稀盐酸溶解样品,标准工作溶液中匹配钾,ICP-AES测定高铼酸钾中19种杂质元素的方法。在选定的仪器工作条件下,样品加标回收率(%)分别为：钠94.4～101、钙98.8～102、铝98.1～102、镁95.8～99.1、钴98.4～101、钼97.3～103、钛97.6～102、钒96.6～106、锆96.2～97.7、铬97.8～101、铜98.1～108、铁92.9～104、锰95.5～98.4、镍93.6～101、钯93.3～101、铅96.5～103、锌95.2～103、铂95.9～99.9、铑94.5～96.3;方法精密度RSD%(n=7)分别为：钠2.0～5.5、镁1.1～3.5、铝0.9～2.5、钙1.5～7.3、钴1.1～3.1、钼0.9～4.5、钛1.0～2.8、钒1.6～4.0、锆1.4～3.6、铬0.77～4.6、铜0.74～1.8、铁1.3～3.8、锰1.1～2.0、镍0.99～5.0、钯1.1～2.4、铅1.3～9.1、锌0.80～6.7、铂1.2～10、铑0.78～8.6。方法简便、快速、准确, 满足生产分析要求。     

紫外可见分光光度法测定不同产地龙牙百合中皂苷含量

为建立龙牙百合总皂苷的测定方法,并确定不同产地龙牙百合中皂苷的含量,以便控制龙牙百合药材的质量,采用香草醛-高氯酸显色,在535 nm处,利用紫外可见分光光度法测定了10个批次的龙牙百合中总皂苷的含量.结果表明,10个不同产地龙牙百合中皂苷的含量,分别是:8.39%、8.11%、8.24%、7.62%、7.38%、9....     

添加乙酸乙酯对生物油稳定性的影响

以稻草秸秆快速热裂解生物油为样品,选取乙酸乙酯作为添加剂,按不同质量分数(分别为1%、6%、11%、16%和21%)添加到生物油中,考察原始生物油(空白组)及乙酸乙酯组生物油理化特性随贮存时间的变化规律。结果表明,随着乙酸乙酯添加质量分数增大,各乙酸乙酯组(1%、6%、11%、16%和21%)生物油最终pH值比空白组分别提高0.66%、2.33%、3.65%、4.32%和6.31%;最终含水率比空白组分别降低10.90%、20.17%、28.19%、30.27%和35.10%;最终运动黏度比空白组分别降低13.69%、39.08%、57.99%、66.00%和73.58%。FT-IR和GC-MS分析结果表明,添加乙酸乙酯能抑制生物油老化反应。此外,GC-MS分析结果还证实乙酸乙酯可以减少生物油内有机酸含量。     

Antibacterial activity and comparison of the volatile constituents obtained by several extraction methods from the flowers, stems and leaves of Astrodaucus orientalis

The oils of the flowers, stems and leaves of Astrodaucus orientalis L. were separately extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and microwave assisted head-space solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME). The volatile constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Temperature and time of extraction, microwave power and exposure time of extraction were optimized. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber was used as the solid phase for SPME methods. The main constituents of the flower, stem and leaf oils isolated by HD, HS-SPME and MA-HS-SPME are as follows, respectively: beta-pinene (20.5%, 13.9% and 30.4%), alpha-thujene (8.7%, 16.2% and 10.9%) and alpha-pinene (7.6%, 14.3% and 10.9%) for the flowers, sabinene (11.8%, 32.3% and 11.8%), alpha-pinene (8.7%, 28.8% and 6.1%) and p-mycrene (2.5%, 12% and 8.5%) for the stem, and alpha-pinene (9.4%, 37.1% and 22.5%), sabinene (13.5%, 26.3% and 23.5%), beta-pinene (6.3%, 9.8% and 10%) and p-mycrene (3.2%, 2.5% and 15.6%) for the leaf. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for all essential oils obtained by HD against both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria using the agar dilution method. These oils showed the good activities against the both bacteria (0.5 - 1.5 mg/mL).     

Exploring of bioactive compounds in essential oil acquired from the stem and root derivatives of Hypericum triquetrifolium callus cultures

The chemical profile of the essential oil of callus and cell suspension cultures derivatives from stem and root of Hypericum triquetrifolium were explored by ITEX/GC-MS. The major constituents for stem derivatives were undecane (78.44%) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-octane (9.74%) for fresh calli, 2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (46.94%), 2,3-dimethyl-undecane (28.39%), 2,4-dimethyl-1-hexene (10.17%), 1,2-oxolinalool (3.64%) and limonene (3.55%) for dry calli and undecane (61.24%), octane, 2,4,6-trimethyl- (16.73%), nonane, 3-methyl-(3.74%), 2,5-diphenyl-benzoquinone (3.70%) and limonene (3.60%) for cell suspension. However, for root derivatives, the dominated components were: undecane (49.94%), eucalyptol (12.07%), limonene (9.98%), toluene (9.03%) and 3-methyl-nonane (4.29%) for fresh calli, 2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (29.80%), 1,1-dimethylethyl-cyclohexane (14.99%), 3-methyl-pentanal (14.99%), undecane (10.04%), beta-terpinyl acetate (8.60%), 1,2-oxolinalool (6.27%) and 2-pentyl-furan (4.09%) for dry calli, undecane (52.38%), 2,4,6-trimethyl-octane (13.81%), 3-methyl-nonane (5.73%), toluene (4.82%) and limonene (4.57%) for cell suspension derivative in root. The attained outcomes indicated that the alkane, aldehyde and monoterpene fractions dominated the chemical composition of essential oils.     

Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India

The hydrodistilled essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. cvs. 'Vikarsudha' and 'CIM-Soumya', Ocimum sanctum L. cvs. 'Green' (CIM-Ayu) and 'Purple', Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke have been studied by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phenylpropanoids (65.2-77.6%) constituted the major proportion of the essential oil compositions of O. sanctum, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum, whilst oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) constituted the major proportion of the oil composition of O. kilimandscharicum. The essential oil compositions of cvs. 'Green' and 'Purple' of O. sanctum were almost the same, and both cultivars were dominated by eugenol (67.4% and 72.8%), β-elemene (11.0% and 10.9%), β-caryophyllene (7.3% and 8.4%) and germacrene D (2.4% and 2.2%), whilst the major components in O. basilicum cvs. 'Vikarsudha' and 'CIM-Soumya' were methyl chavicol (68.0% and 64.9%) and linalool (21.9% and 25.6%), along with bicyclogermacrene (2.0% and 0.7%) and α-terpineol (1.2% and 0.1%). Eugenol (77.2%), 1,8-cineole (7.6%), germacrene D (2.7%) and β-caryophyllene (1.7%) were identified as the major constituents of O. gratissimum. On the contrary, the essential oil from O. kilimandscharicum was mainly dominated by monoterpenoids (95.8%), represented by camphor (64.9%), limonene (8.7%), camphene (6.4%) and (E)-β-ocimene (3.0%).     

Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing--The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contributions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 32%―67% of total suspended particles (TSP), 10%―70% of fine particles (PM2.5), and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62% (38%―86%) of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% (52%―90%) in PM10, and 76% (59%―93%) in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% (52%―83%), 79% (52%―93%), and 45% (7%―79%) in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only ～20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Beijing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.     

Unmittelbare photometrische Bestimmung des Antimongehaltes von legierten St?hlen mit Jodid

Zusammenfassung Das photometrische Verfahren von Ploum [1,2] zur Antimonbestimmung mit Jodid in nichtlegierten Stählen wurde so modifiziert, daß einerseits die Arbeitszeit durch Vereinfachung der Methode herabgesetzt wird und es andererseits zur Untersuchung hochlegierter Stähle herangezogen werden kann. 20% Cr, 12% Ni, 3% Mo, 4% W, 2% Mn, 3% V, 1% Ti, 0,4% Si, 0,8% Nb, 0,04% Ta, 0,1% Co, 0,05% Al, 0,05% As, 0,014% Sn und 0,004% B haben keinen Einfluß. Cu > 0,2% stört. Es können Antimongehalte von 0,001–0,025% bestimmt werden.

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Direct photometric determination of antimony in alloy steels with iodide

The method of Ploum [1,2] for the direct determination of antimony in plain steels has been modified. It has been possible to reduce the working time in simplifying the method and to apply the procedure to the investigation of high-alloy steels. 20% Cr, 12% Ni, 3% Mo, 4% W, 2% Mn, 3% V, 1% Ti, 0.4% Si, 0.8% Nb, 0.04% Ta, 0.1% Co, 0.05% Al, 0.05% As, 0.014% Sn and 0.004% B have no effect. Cu >0.2% interferes. Sb contents from 0.001 to 0.025% can be determined.

     

CPA矩阵法测定肺保三效片中六组分含量

本文采用ＣＰＡ矩阵法测定肺保三效片中六种组分的含量．计算程序采用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编制．扑热息痛、苯妥英钠、咖啡因、茶碱、扑尔敏和盐酸麻黄碱的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为９６．１５％，０．７７％；９６．１５％，０．７２％；９６．４１％，０．６１％；９６．２２％，０．７１％；９６．１３％，０．７４％；９６．１６％，０．７７％．结果较满意．     

成都市东郊土壤中重金属元素垂直分布研究

采用王水消解样品,利用原子吸收分光光度法,对重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)在成都市东郊土壤中的垂直分布进行了研究。该法对Cu的回收率为98%~104%,精密度为2.75%;Pb的回收率为95~97%,精密度为3.11%;Zn的回收率为99%~101%,精密度为2.31%;Cd的回收率为97%~102%,精密度为3.32%,测定方法简单、准确。     

Chemical composition of volatile and fixed oils from of Salvia argentea L. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Sicily

The chemical compositions of the essential oil and of the non-polar extracts (petroleum ether, dichloromethane) of the aerial parts (flowers, leaves and stems) of Salvia argentea L. were determined by GC-FID and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. 14-Hydroxy-α-humulene (40.1%) was recognised as the main constituents of the essential oil of S. argentea, together with 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (12.1%), globulol (7.4%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (5.8%). Tritriacontane (9.9% and 14.1%), heptacosane (8.4% and 10.5%), hentriacontane (8.3% and 10.9%), tetradecanal (8.4% and 10.2%) and methyldotriacontane (7.9% and 7.6%) were recognised as the main constituents of the extracts in petroleum ether and dichloromethane, respectively, whereas methyl linolenate (36.6% and 13.5%) and methyl myristoleate (10.5% and 18.5%) were recognised as the main constituents of the methylated extracts.     

Volatile constituents of flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina

The chemical composition of the essential oils of the flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina were analyzed by GC and GC-MS for the first time. The oils were found to contain seventy-two components. cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate (14.9% and 17.8%), camphor (11.6% and 1.7%), terpinen-4-ol (8.3% and 1.2%), germacrene-D (5.1% and 2.1%), β-caryophyllene (4.1% and 5.4%), myrcene (3.6% and 16.9%), bicyclogermacrene (3.5% and 0.9%), α-pinene (2.3% and 4.1%), cis-β-ocimene (2.1% and 4.3%) and isospathulenol (0.4% and 4.3%) were found to be the major constituents of the oils of flowers and leaves respectively. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 428–429, September–October, 2006.     

Constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from flower, leaf and stem of Helichrysum armenium

The chemical constituents from the flower, leaf and stem of Helichrysum armenium DC. (Asteraceae) growing in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of flower was characterized by higher amount of limonene (21.2%), alpha-cadinol (18.2%), borneol (11.9%), delta-cadinene (9.0%), bornyl acetate (8.0%) and alpha-humulene (7.3%). Twenty one constituents representing 96.2% of the chromatographical leaf oil were identified of which limonene (29.2%), alpha-pinene (14.4%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), alpha-gurjunene (6.3%), bornyl acetate (5.5%) and torreyol (5.2%) were the major components. The main components of the stem oil were limonene (23.6%), alpha-pinene (13.4%), spathulenol (6.4%), alpha-gurjunene (6.3%), caryophyllene oxide (5.3%), bornyl acetate (5.2%), beta-cubebene (4.8%) and delta-cadinene (4.3%). The composition of the oils is different, although the most abundant components are identical in leaf oil (96.2%). The antimicrobial effect of flower, leaf and stem essential oils from Helichrysum armenium was studied according to the agar diffusion cup method. The essential oils had a moderate effect on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and had a substantial fungicidal effect on the fungi under study.     

Composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf and twig oils of Litsea mushaensis and L. linii from Taiwan

The hydrodistilled essential oils of the leaves and twigs of Litsea mushaensis and L. linii were analyzed. Sixty-nine and ninety compounds were identified in the leaf and twig oils, respectively, of L. mushaensis. The main components of the leaf oil were beta-eudesmol (24.2%), tau-cadinol (10.2%), alpha-humulene (10.1%), alpha-pinene (9.7%), and trans-beta-ocimene (6.5%), whereas the main components of the twig oil were trans-beta-ocimene (19.5%), alpha-pinene (12.8%) and cis-beta-ocimene (7.7%). With L. linii, 72 and 78 compounds were respectively identified in the leaf and twig oils. The main components of the leaf oil were beta-selinene (15.7%), alpha-selinene (15.5%), beta-caryophyllene (12.2%), alpha-humulene (7.2%), and delta-cadinene (5.6%), and of the twig oil trans-beta-ocimene (20.8%), beta-selinene (11.4%), alpha-cadinol (6.0%), delta-cadinene (5.8%), tau-cadinol (5.4%) and beta-eudesmol (5.2%). L. mushaensis leaf oil was shown to have excellent antimicrobial and anti-wood-decay fungal activity, superior to the other oils.     

ICP-AES法测定锌阳极中的铝、镉、铁、铜、铅

通过分析高频功率、雾化压力、辅助气流量和泵速等试验条件，建立了ICP-AES法测定锌阳极中铝、镉、铁、铜、铅的方法。用该方法测定锌阳极中的铝、镉、铁、铜、铅，其RSD分别为0.17%、0.63%、2.7%、5.2%、2.5%，回收率分别为99.3%-101.2%，99.3%-100.3%、97.1%-102.2%、97.8%-102.9%。对锌阳极试样进行测定，该方法的测定结果与GB4951-85方法的测定结果基本一致。     

The role of the 1Bu state in carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll singlet-energy transfer in the LH2 antenna complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides G1C, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1, Rhodospirillum molischianum and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila

Subpicosecond time-resolved absorption spectra were recorded, in the visible and near-infrared regions, for the LH2 antenna complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides G1C, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1, Rhodospirillum molischianum, and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. The efficiencies of carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll singlet-energy transfer through the 1¹B_u⁺, 1¹B_u⁻, and 2¹A_g⁻ channels in the LH2 complex were determined to be 48%, 19% and 22% in Rhodobacter sphaeroides G1C; 46%, 18% and 20% in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1; 48%, 2% and 1% in Rhodospirillum molischianum; and 48%, 2%, 4% in Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. Sums of efficiencies through the three channels in the four LH2 complexes, 88%, 84%, 51% and 54%, nicely correlate with the efficiencies that were determined by comparison of the absorption and fluorescence-excitation spectra, 92%, 89%, 53% and 56%.     

Antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of the essential oils from flower, leaf and stem of Gypsophila bicolor from Iran

The volatile constituents from flower, leaf and stem of Gypsophila bicolor growing in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The flower oil was characterized by high amounts of germacrene-D (21.2%), p-cymene (20.6%), bicyclogermacrene (17.6%), gamma-dodecadienolactone (13.7%) and terpinolene (9.4%). Twenty-four constituents representing 97.4% of the leaf oil were identified of which germacrene-D (23.4%), terpinolene (14.5%), bicyclogermacrene (7.5%), gamma-dodecadienolactone (6.8%), p-cymene (6.7%) and cis-beta-ocimene (6.3%) were major components. The main components of the stem oil were gamma-dodecadienolactone (28.5%), bicyclogermacrene (14.8%), germacrene-D (12.6%), p-cymene (12.5%), terpinolene (11.6%) and trans-beta-ocimene (4.2%). The antimicrobial effects of flower, leaf and stem essential oils from Gypsophila bicolor were studied according to the agar diffusion cup method. The essential oils had a moderate effect on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but had a substantial effect on the fungi studied.     

苹果果实各部位菊酯类农药残留量分析

用正己烷-丙酮(体积比为1∶1)作提取剂,采用石英毛细管柱、电子捕获检测器,用气相色谱法测定苹果果皮、果肉、果核中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯农药残留量.对苹果果肉试验结果表明,甲氰菊酯的回收率为80.9%～103.6%,相对标准偏差为1.30%～5.18%;氯氰菊酯的回收率为86.1%～103.9%,相对标...     

California Lomatiums, Part X. Comparison of composition of the hydrodistilled oils from two subspecies of Lomatium mohavense

The hydrodistilled oils from the fruits as well as the stems/leaves of Lomatium mohavense ssp. longilobum and Lomatium mohavense ssp. mohavense were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The respective oils from L. mohavense ssp. longilobum show (Z)-3-hexenol at 9.3% and 7.5%, β-sinensal at 18.8% and 6.8% and iso-α-sinensal at 18.9% and 19.3% as the major compounds. The corresponding oils from L. mohavense ssp. mohavense show β-phellandrene/limonene at 12.2% and 6.0%, β-elemene at 1.8% and 17.8%, β-caryophyllene at 8.9% and 7.8% and germacrene D at 18.8% and 10.8% as the predominant compounds.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝

采用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸(氟化氢铵)、高氯酸分解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝的量。其测定范围:ω(Cu):0.01%～0.60%;ω(Pb):0.10%～5.00%;ω(Fe):0.10%～5.00%;ω(In):0.0100%～0.200%;ω(Cd):0.010%～3.00%;ω(As):0.10%～2.00%;ω(Ca):0.10%～10.00%;ω(Al):0.10%～4.00%。各元素的加标回收率为93%～113%。方法准确、快速、可靠,适用于再生锌原料中铜、铅、铁、铟、镉、砷、钙、铝量的同时测定。