Optimal control and properties of nonlinear multistage dynamical system for planning horizontal well paths

The goal of planning a horizontal well path is to obtain a trajectory that arrives at a given target subject to various constraints. In this paper, the optimal control problem subject to a nonlinear multistage dynamical system (NMDS) for horizontal well paths is investigated. Some properties of the multistage system are proved. In order to derive the optimality conditions, we transform the optimal control problem into one with control constraints and inequality-constrained trajectories by defining some functions. The properties of these functions are then discussed and optimality conditions for optimal control problem are also given. Finally, an improved simplex method is developed and applied to the optimal design for well Ci-16-Cp146 in Oil Field of Liaohe, and the numerical results illustrate the validity of both the model and the algorithm.     

On Surfaces with Prescribed Shape Operator

The problem of immersing a simply connected surface with a prescribed shape operator is discussed. It is shown that, aside from some special degenerate cases, such as when the shape operator can be realized by a surface with one family of principal curves being geodesic, the space of such realizations is a convex set in an affine space of dimension at most 3. The cases where this maximum dimension of realizability is achieved are analyzed and it is found that there are two such families of shape operators, one depending essentially on three arbitrary functions of one variable and another depending essentially on two arbitrary functions of one variable. The space of realizations is discussed in each case, along with some of their remarkable geometric properties. Several explicit examples are constructed.     

PARALLEL CHAOTIC MULTISPLITTING ITERATIVE METHODS FOR THE LARGE SPARSE LINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEM

1. IntroductionWe consider the linear complementarity problem LCP(M,q): Find a z E m such thatwhere M = (mij) E boxs and q ~ (qi) 6 m are given real matriX and vector, respectively.This problem axises in various scientific computing areas such as the Nash equilibritun poillt ofa bimatrir game (e.g., Cottle and Dantzig[4] and Lelnke[12j) and the free boundary problems offluid mechedcs (e.g., Cryer[8]). There have been a lot of researches on the approximate solutionof the linear complemeat…     

Modeling demand management strategies for evacuations

Evacuations are massive operations that create heavy travel demand on road networks some of which are experiencing major congestions even with regular traffic demand. Congestion in traffic networks during evacuations, can be eased either by supply or demand management actions. This study focuses on modeling demand management strategies of optimal departure time, optimal destination choice and optimal zone evacuation scheduling (also known as staggered evacuation) under a given fixed evacuation time assumption. The analytical models are developed for a system optimal dynamic traffic assignment problem, so that their characteristics can be studied to produce insights to be used for large-scale solution algorithms. While the first two strategies were represented in a linear programming (LP) model, evacuation zone scheduling problem inevitable included integers and resulted in a mixed integer LP (MILP) one. The dual of the LP produced an optimal assignment principle, and the nature of the MILP formulations revealed clues about more efficient heuristics. The discussed properties of the models are also supported via numerical results from a hypothetical network example.     

A Study in the Use of Linear Programming for School Planning in Odense

This paper considers the school situation in Odense, Denmark, in 1992. School children, according to a forecast for the various census districts of the city, are assigned to school facilities, existing and planned, by means of linear programming. The resulting solution gives an indication of where in the city there will be an excess or deficit of school capacity. This provides an easy way of evaluating alternative school system expansion plans. Sample results are given, and there is also a discussion of some implementation aspects of this case study.     

On the boundary value problem in a dihedral angle for normally hyperbolic systems of first order

Some structural properties as well as a general three-dimensional boundary value problem for normally hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations of first order are studied. A condition is given which enables one to reduce the system under consideration to a first-order system with the spliced principal part. It is shown that the initial problem is correct in a certain class of functions if some conditions are fulfilled.     

Two-stage fuzzy production planning expected value model and its approximation method

This work develops a novel two-stage fuzzy optimization method for solving the multi-product multi-period (MPMP) production planning problem, in which the market demands and some of the inventory costs are assumed to be uncertainty and characterized by fuzzy variables with known possibility distributions. Some basic properties about the MPMP production planning problem are discussed. Since the fuzzy market demands and inventory costs usually have infinite supports, the proposed two-stage fuzzy MPMP production planning problem is an infinite-dimensional optimization problem that cannot be solved directly by conventional numerical solution methods. To overcome this difficulty, this paper adopts an approximation method (AM) to turn the original two-stage fuzzy MPMP production planning problem into a finite-dimensional optimization problem. The convergence about the AM is discussed to ensure the solution quality. After that, we design a heuristic algorithm, which combines the AM and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, to solve the proposed two-stage fuzzy MPMP production planning problem. Finally, one real case study about a furniture manufacturing company is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed modeling idea and designed algorithm.     

环上群环的半单性——关于G.Connell的一个猜测

设环R有1,G是群。用R(G)表示R、G的群环。0(G)表示群G子群的阶的集合。任意域F(ch.F0(G))上群环F(G)的J一半单性问题,至今仅证明对某些群,如局部有限群、局部可解群、Abel群、有序群等时R(G)是半本原环。G.Connell于63年将域扩展到环,他得出当环R可换时,R(G)是半素与半本原的充要条件([2]定理5、6),并断言要去掉R的可换条件是很困难的,但他猜测前者R的可换条件有可能去掉。     

Memetic algorithm for the Traveling Car Renter Problem: an experimental investigation

The Traveling Car Renter Problem (CaRS) is a generalization of the Traveling Salesman Problem where the tour can be decomposed into contiguous paths that are travelled by different rented cars. When a car is rented in a city and delivered in another, the renter must pay a fee to return the car to its home city. Given a graph G and cost matrices associated to cars available for rent, the problem consists in determining the minimum cost Hamiltonian cycle in G, considering also the cost paid to deliver a car in a city different from the one it was rented. The latter cost is added to the cost of the edges in the cycle. This paper describes the general problem and some related variants. Two metaheuristic approaches are proposed to deal with CaRS: GRASP hybridized with Variable Neighborhood Descent and Memetic Algorithm. A set of benchmark instances is proposed for the new problem which is utilized on the computational experiments. The algorithms are tested on a set of 40 Euclidean and non-Euclidean instances.     

On the use of the Varignon frame for single facility Weber problems in the presence of convex barriers

This paper presents a new experimental approach to the Weber problem in the presence of convex barriers by using the Varignon frame. The Varignon frame is a mechanical system of strings, weights and a board with holes that has been used to identify an optimal location for the classical Weber problem. We show through analytical results that the same analog can also be used for some of the Weber problems in the presence of barriers. Some examples from the literature are revisited through experiments. Findings are compared to those found in the literature. Practical use of the analog is discussed as it provides rapid solutions, allows for flexibility, and enables one to visualize the problem.     

Use of Inappropriate and Inaccurate Conceptual Knowledge to Solve an Osmosis Problem

Two outstanding high school science students each generated a correct answer to an osmosis problem. The solution processes are noteworthy because the problem solvers did not blindly use algorithms. They relied, instead, on conceptual knowledge which was inaccurate and inappropriate to the problem. They thought the osmosis problem was about air pressure, and some of their knowledge about air pressure was inaccurate. Thus, even when students rely on conceptual knowledge to solve a problem, correct answers need not indicate adequate understanding. Characteristics of the problem solvers, salient properties of the problem that could contribute to the problem misrepresentation, and spurious correct answers are identified. Finally, some instructional recommendations and research questions are presented.     

Analysis of elastomeric composites based on fiber-reinforced systems. 1. Development of design methods for composite materials

A method for calculating the elastic properties of fiber-reinforced composites is discussed. The method is based on the structural macroscopic theory for reinforced media [1, 2], which can be used for analysis of stiff and soft composites. As a measure of the elastic properties of composites, the parameters of macroscopic deformations of the base system of Cartesian coordinates are used, with the axes oriented in a certain direction relative to the general reinforcement and loading field. The corresponding macrostresses in the loaded composites are found by a solution of the microboundary problem for a composite macroelement with sides parallel to reinforcement planes of the system. The microboundary-value problem is multiply connected and is formulated based on the information about the homogeneous field of macroscopic displacements specified by the parameters of macroscopic deformation. The problem is solved using the local system of coordinates whose axes are directed along some of the reinforcement trajectories.State Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 733–745, November–December, 1998.     

Some remarks on the Clebsch's system

The almost Hamilton-Poisson realization, the stability problem, the existence of periodic solutions and the numerical integration via the Lie-Trotter integrator for the Clebsch system are discussed and some of their properties are pointed out.     

Random Wave Closures

A detailed study is made of the way in which weak nonlinearities affect the statistical properties of a system of dispersive waves. Given that at some initial instant the spectral cumulants are sufficiently smooth it is shown that they will remain smooth to zeroth order, save in one dimension where a discrete spectrum may eventually be generated. Of prime interest is the fact that on considering the long time behavior of the system, one is led to a sequence of closures for the zeroth order spectral functions. Apparent difficulties associated with the irretraceability of the solution are discussed. The structure of the closure equations depends on the asymptotic behavior of a class of singular integrals.     

弹性结构有限元控制系统

本文讨论了经有限元方法处理后的弹性结构系统的可控、可观测、镇定等问题.所得的结论与用分布参量系统模型所得的结论一致,但却便于用计算机计算且方法简单.在一、中研究了系统的可控与可观测的问题,给出了易于用计算机判别的条件.在二、中对于采用线性反馈镇定弹性体的问题进行了仔细的讨论,指出对弹性结构系统而言,若系统完全可控仅用位移反馈可以任意配置振动频率但却无法镇定系统,而仅用速度反馈虽可以进行镇定但镇定能力是有限的,对于在系统运动方程中包含刚体运动成分的情形也作了研究.在三、中对梁的控制问题用有限元进行了处理,指出直梁作为一个系统可以分解为拉压、扭转和两个方向弯曲这四个互不关联的子系统,它们的可控与可观测问题可以分别进行讨论.最后对折线型刚架的可控与可观测的问题也作了探讨.     

Convergence of a non-interior smoothing method for variational inequality problems

The variational inequality problem can be reformulated as a system of equations. One can solve the reformulated equations to obtain a solution of the original problem. In this paper, based on a symmetric perturbed min function, we propose a new smoothing function, which has some nice properties. By which we propose a new non-interior smoothing algorithm for solving the variational inequality problem, which is based on both the non-interior continuation method and the smoothing Newton method. The proposed algorithm only needs to solve at most one system of equations at each iteration. In particular, we show that the algorithm is globally linearly and locally quadratically convergent under suitable assumptions. The preliminary numerical results are reported.     

局部凸空间中的不动点定理及其应用

讨论了局部凸空间中推广的Leray-Schauder度的基本性质,建立了一些新的不动点定理,并给出了对局部凸空间Cauchy初值问题的应用.这些定理是Banach空间中相应结果的推广.     

The maximin HAZMAT routing problem

The hazardous material routing problem from an origin to a destination in an urban area is addressed. We maximise the distance between the route and its closest vulnerable centre, weighted by the centre’s population. A vulnerable centre is a school, hospital, senior citizens’ residence or the like, concentrating a high population or one that is particularly vulnerable or difficult to evacuate in a short time. The potential consequences on the most exposed centre are thus minimized. Though previously studied in a continuous space, the problem is formulated here over a transport (road) network. We present an exact model for the problem, in which we manage to significantly reduce the required variables, as well as an optimal polynomial time heuristic. The integer programming formulation and the heuristic are tested in a real-world case study set in the transport network in the city of Santiago, Chile.     

Scatter Search—Wellsprings and Challenges

This article is concerned with two global optimization problems (P1) and (P2). Each of these problems is a fractional programming problem involving the maximization of a ratio of a convex function to a convex function, where at least one of the convex functions is a quadratic form. First, the article presents and validates a number of theoretical properties of these problems. Included among these properties is the result that, under a mild assumption, any globally optimal solution for problem (P1) must belong to the boundary of its feasible region. Also among these properties is a result that shows that problem (P2) can be reformulated as a convex maximization problem. Second, the article presents for the first time an algorithm for globally solving problem (P2). The algorithm is a branch and bound algorithm in which the main computational effort involves solving a sequence of convex programming problems. Convergence properties of the algorithm are presented, and computational issues that arise in implementing the algorithm are discussed. Preliminary indications are that the algorithm can be expected to provide a practical approach for solving problem (P2), provided that the number of variables is not too large.     

On multiple impact

The relationships and paradoxes of the problem of multiple impact are discussed. The latter includes not only the case of simultaneous collision between three or more bodies, but also problems involving a collision between two bodies when there are additional constraints. By solving a number of problems, it is shown that the following kinds of multiple impact can be distinguished depending on the configuration of the system and the dynamical properties of the colliding bodies.

1. 1. The regular type is characterized by the fact that the problem is correctly solvable within the framework of the given mechanical system with a finite number of degrees of freedom. In this case small variations of the initial conditions lead to small modifications of the same order of magnitude of the velocities after the collision.

2. 2. The stochastic type combines high sensitivity of the result to the initial conditions with the impossibility of determining these conditions with sufficient accuracy. In this case it appears that one should consider the impact impulse as a random variable with a discrete set of values.

3. 3. In the quasiregular case the problem under consideration is solvable, but the solution depends very much on the physical properties of the colliding bodies. To obtain this solution it is no longer sufficient to consider a finite-dimensional mechanical system.

Regularity criteria for a collision between three or more free bodies and for the impact of a physical pendulum against an obstacle are obtained.