基于Donnan膜效应的树脂基水合氧化铁的制备及对砷的吸附性能研究

以大孔强碱性离子交换树脂D201为载体, 利用FeCl₃-HCl-NaCl溶液特有的性质制备出一种基于Donnan膜效应的新型树脂基水合氧化铁D201-HFO. 研究结果表明, D201-HFO对砷的吸附容量较美国同类专利产品ArsenX有较大提高, 同时该材料表现出对砷良好的吸附选择性和吸附动力学性能. 固定床吸附结果表明, 通过D201-HFO的吸附处理, 受污染水体中砷的含量可降至10 μg/L(我国生活饮用水新标准GB5749-2006)以下, 吸附后的D201- HFO可被NaOH-NaCl溶液彻底再生. 稳定性实验表明, HFO在D201树脂孔道内较为稳定, D201-HFO是一种性能优良、具有广泛应用前景的除砷吸附剂.     

树脂基纳米复合材料吸附水中As(Ⅲ)的性能比较研究

分别将水合氧化铁/锆/铈3种纳米颗粒负载到强碱性阴离子交换树脂D201上,制备得到3种树脂基纳米复合材料HFO-201、HZO-201和HCO-201。3种纳米复合材料的比表面积、孔道结构等特征参数通过氮气吸附仪进行测定,并根据Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)模型进行计算。通过静态吸附实验考察了各种材料对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,结果表明,与HFO-201和HZO-201相比较,载铈复合材料HCO-201除As(Ⅲ)表现出更高的吸附容量、更快的吸附速率及更好的吸附选择性;模拟实际污水除砷工艺,开展固定床动态吸附研究,HCO-201的有效处理体积可达2900BV,高于HFO-201和HZO-201的有效处理体积(300BV、1150BV),吸附饱和后的HCO-201纳米复合材料可以通过NaOH-NaCl混合溶液实现完全再生。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)初步分析,HCO-201除砷机理可能是负载的Ce先氧化As(Ⅲ)成As(V),再进行吸附,从而实现As(Ⅲ)的强化去除。     

新型载锆树脂除As(V)的研究

通过研究4种不同树脂负载锆后去除As(V)的性能,筛选出最佳锆载体为强碱性阴离子交换树脂D201。通过正交实验对载锆树脂制备工艺进行优化,获得最佳载锆条件为:Zr OCl2加入量10g,HCl-Na Cl摩尔比为0.3:0.3(共0.6mol),温度为30℃。研究了不同条件下D201-Zr对As(V)的吸附性能,结果表明,D201-Zr吸附As(V)的最佳p H值为7.0;最大吸附量为83.24mg/g;其对砷酸盐的吸附平衡时间很短,在60min之内基本可以达到吸附平衡;吸附动力学可以用拟二级动力学方程表达;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单分子层吸附模型;C1-、SO42-等对D201-Zr吸附砷酸盐的影响较小,而PO43-的影响较大。柱实验表明,D201-Zr对砷酸钠不仅有很好的去除效果,而且处理量很大。模拟水样经处理后As(V)浓度低于10μg/L,可以满足中国饮用水标准的规定。吸附后的D201-Zr可用Na OH-Na Cl(质量分数均为5%)混合液进行洗脱再生,反复使用多次后吸附能力未下降。     

凝胶型树脂载纳米水合氧化铁复合材料的制备与除As(V)特性

以凝胶型离子交换树脂(201×4)为基体制备出负载水合氧化铁的纳米复合材料HFO-201×4,发现出现了明显的物理孔结构,机械强度显著提升;且纳米颗粒主要为针状,可利用活性位点密度相比大孔型复合材料提高了约67%;对低浓度As(V)的吸附容量与吸附速率均显著高于大孔型复合材料,对模拟As(V)污染水的处理容量显著提高至大孔型复合材料的2倍左右,并可实现稳定循环再生.     

树脂预分离氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定水中的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

建立了As(Ⅲ)、As(V)的树脂分离 氢化物 原子荧光光谱分析方法。利用717阴离子交换树脂选择性的吸附水中的As(Ⅴ),从而实现了对水样中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分离。考察了溶液的pH和流速以及洗脱剂浓度等条件对分离效果的影响,同时研究了仪器的工作条件、KBH4质量浓度和介质浓度对砷原子荧光强度的影响,并对测定砷时共存离子的干扰和消除进行了探讨。在最佳工作条件下,砷的检出限为0.096μg L,相对标准偏差为2.1%,将该方法应用于水样分析,其回收率为94.7%～107.9%。     

纳米氧化铁的制备及其对砷的吸附作用

用均匀沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶相转移法和溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备了纳米氧化铁,研究了制备条件,并对产品进行了表征。扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果表明,以上3种方法制备的氧化铁,颗粒均在100~300 nm之间。用溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备的样品C和样品D具备典型α型Fe2O3的物相特征。吸附实验表明,合成的纳米氧化铁对砷(Ⅴ)均有较强的吸附性能,在初始砷质量浓度为2 mg/L,pH值在4.0~6.0的范围内,能使溶液中的砷含量降到0.01 mg/L以下,且吸附速度快,平衡时间短。溶胶-凝胶蒸发干燥法制备的纳米氧化铁在pH值为3.0、7.0和10.0时的最大砷吸附容量分别为30.96、30.58和17.06 mg/g,与其他纳米氧化物相比,用此方法制备的纳米氧化铁对As(V)有较大的吸附能力,较普通块体氧化铁的吸附除砷性能更优。其吸附等温线能用Langmuir方程进行拟合,确定系数R2>0.95。     

负载氧化铁大孔树脂及其对巴戟天多糖平衡吸附的性质

采用XRD、FTTR以及ASAP2010表面分析仪对负载氧化铁颗粒的AB-8吸附树脂进行了表征,发现负载的氧化铁主要以α-Fe2O3形式存在;负载氧化铁的AB-8树脂孔径在5～25nm之间,比表面积达到550m2/g,较原AB-8树脂略有增加.采用静态吸附实验考察了负载氧化铁颗粒的AB-8吸附树脂在不同离子强度条件下对巴戟天多糖的吸附性能.结果表明,负载氧化铁后,AB-8树脂对巴戟天多糖的吸附量有显著增加,对分子质量范围在2000u左右的巴戟天多糖有明显选择性;较高的离子强度有利于巴戟天多糖在负载氧化铁颗粒的AB-8树脂上的吸附.     

阴离子交换柱分离不同价态砷的研究及其应用

利用醋酸型AG 1-X8阴离子交换树脂和氯化物型AG 1-X8阴离子交换树脂对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)吸附的差异,实现As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的有效分离。过滤和酸化后的水样流经树脂交换柱(75mm×5.3mm i.d.)时,醋酸型AG 1-X8阴离子交换树脂可吸附As(Ⅴ);而As(Ⅲ)可通过树脂柱。被吸附的As(Ⅴ)用0.12mol/L HCl淋洗出来,在此过程中醋酸型树脂转化为氯化物型树脂。该树脂交换柱可多次循环使用。本方法简单易行,适用于野外现场条件下高砷地下水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分离和准确测定;用于检测水铁矿除砷过程中砷价态变化。结果表明,缺氧条件下水铁矿对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学特征遵循假二级反应动力学模式,内扩散不是控制As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)吸附的因素。随着时间的推移,膜扩散对吸附的控制作用增强。     

Cu(Ⅱ)负载疏松多孔型羟胺改性聚丙烯腈-衣康酸对水中微量砷的吸附

以丙烯腈和衣康酸为原料合成了聚丙烯腈-衣康酸[P(AN/IA)],与盐酸羟胺反应得到偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈-衣康酸[AO-P(AN/IA)],进一步与Cu(Ⅱ)配位得到Cu(Ⅱ)负载偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈-衣康酸[AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)]聚合物配体交换树脂。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)的结构进行了表征,并研究了AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)对砷的吸附性能。AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)在p H 3时对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)有最大吸附量,分别为0.56mg/g和0.51mg/g。AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程均符合拟二级动力学方程,遵循Langmuir吸附等温式。尽管存在干扰离子,AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附选择性仍然比较好。吸附(固定床)实验表明,AO-P(AN/IA)/Cu(Ⅱ)对含砷模拟废水具备优良的分离与重复使用性能。     

载铁-锆复合树脂对水中锑的吸附效能研究

为探讨新型金属氧化物负载型树脂对水中Sb(V)的吸附效能,以D201树脂为载体,制备得到一种铁-锆水合金属氧化物负载型树脂吸附剂,通过静态、动态吸附试验,考察了该吸附剂对水中Sb(V)的吸附效能。研究结果表明,通过化学负载处理,在D201树脂载体上负载有均匀、致密的铁-锆水合金属氧化物吸附层。载铁-锆复合树脂对Sb(V)的最大饱和吸附容量为73.75mg/g。在反应时间为90min内,该吸附剂对水中Sb(V)的吸附快速达到吸附平衡状态。最佳的反应pH值范围为2.82~4.30。水中共存的SO_4~(2-)对该吸附剂的Sb(V)吸附量的影响较为显著,而Cl~-、NO_3~-的影响相对较小。该吸附剂对废水中Sb(V)的去除率达98.9%,出水中残余锑浓度满足《锡、锑、汞工业污染排放标准(GB30770-2014)》中锑的排放浓度限值。     

Low-cost synthesis of flowerlike α-Fe2O3 nanostructures for heavy metal ion removal: adsorption property and mechanism

Flowerlike α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures were synthesized via a template-free microwave-assisted solvothermal method. All chemicals used were low-cost compounds and environmentally benign. These flowerlike α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures had high surface area and abundant hydroxyl on their surface. When tested as an adsorbent for arsenic and chromium removal, the flowerlike α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures showed excellent adsorption properties. The adsorption mechanism for As(V) and Cr(VI) onto flowerlike α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures was elucidated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. The results suggested that ion exchange between surface hydroxyl groups and As(V) or Cr(VI) species was accounted for by the adsorption. With maximum capacities of 51 and 30 mg g(-1) for As(V) and Cr(VI), respectively, these low-cost flowerlike α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures are an attractive adsorbent for the removal of As(V) and Cr(VI) from water.     

Adsorption Capacities of Iron Hydroxide for Arsenate and Arsenite Removal from Water by Chemical Coagulation: Kinetics,Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Studies

Arsenic (As)-laden wastewater may pose a threat to biodiversity when released into soil and water bodies without treatment. The current study investigated the sorption properties of both As(III, V) oxyanions onto iron hydroxide (FHO) by chemical coagulation. The potential mechanisms were identified using the adsorption models, ζ-potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) analysis. The results indicate that the sorption kinetics of pentavalent and trivalent As species closely followed the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rates of both toxicants were remarkably governed by pH as well as the quantity of FHO in suspension. Notably, the FHO formation was directly related to the amount of ferric chloride (FC) coagulant added in the solution. The sorption isotherm results show a better maximum sorption capacity for pentavalent As ions than trivalent species, with the same amount of FHO in the suspensions. The thermodynamic study suggests that the sorption process was spontaneously exothermic with increased randomness. The ζ-potential, FT-IR and XRD analyses confirm that a strong Fe-O bond with As(V) and the closeness of the surface potential of the bonded complex to the point of zero charge (pH_zpc) resulted in the higher adsorption affinity of pentavalent As species than trivalent ions in most aquatic conditions. Moreover, the presence of sulfates, phosphates, and humic and salicylic acid significantly affected the As(III, V) sorption performance by altering the surface properties of Fe precipitates. The combined effect of charge neutralization, complexation, oxidation and multilayer chemisorption was identified as a major removal mechanism. These findings may provide some understanding regarding the fate, transport and adsorption properties onto FHO of As oxyanions in a complex water environment.     

酚醛型吸附树脂在非水体系中对吡啶和N,N-二甲基苯胺的吸附性能研究

研究了酚醛型吸附树脂JDW 2在非水体系中对吡啶和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的静态吸附 .由实验结果推论正己烷中树脂对吡啶和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的吸附是以氢键吸附机理为主进行的 ,JDW 2酚醛型吸附树脂在正己烷中 ,等温吸附吡啶和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程 ,相关系数在 0 99以上 ,因此 ,酚醛型吸附树脂在正己烷中吸附吡啶和N ,N 二甲基苯胺属单分子层吸附 ;同时对非水体系中乙醇或乙酸乙酯的含量对树脂吸附吡啶和N ,N 二甲基苯胺的影响进行了研究     

SORPTION OF PHENOL AND P-NITROPHENOL ONTO A WEAKLY ANION EXCHANGER： XPS ANALYSIS AND MECHANISM

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS ) was adopted to elucidate sorption mechanism of phenol and p-nitrophenol onto a weakly anion exchanger D301. The distribution of specific forms of tertiary amino group on D301 was obtained and effect of free tertiary amino group on phenol sorption onto D301 was discussed. The result indicated that the percent of the protonated tertiary amine group on polymeric matrix was much lower than the reference compound N,N-dimethylbenzylamine at an identical pH value in solution due to the much lower activity degree of hydrogen ion in inner resin phase than in the external solution. Less free amino group on D301 results in less sorption capacity of phenol and p-nitrophenol in an acidic solution. Under the experimental conditions both phenol sorption onto D301 can be explained as solid extraction and the distribution coefficient varies linearly with the content of free amino group on D301.     

SORPTION OF PHENOL AND P-NITROPHENOL ONTO A WEAKLY ANION EXCHANGER: XPS ANALYSIS AND MECHANISM

1. INTRODUCTION Phenolic compounds are pollutants encountered frequently in water system. Some of them, such as phenol and p-nitrophenol, have been listed as priority pollutants in many countries. How to remove them completely from the polluted water is of significant concern to environmental scientists. Up to now many technologies such as biodegradation, oxidation and adsorption are available to remove phenolic compounds from the receiving water [1~4]. In the past two decadesphenol sorpt…     

Separation of Y from Sr by zirconium vanadate gel ion-exchanger sorbent: kinetics and thermodynamic study

A new zirconium vanadate (Zr–V) ion-exchanger was synthesized and characterized for fast and selective separation procedure of ⁹⁰Y from ⁸⁹Sr. The method was based on ⁹⁰Y(III) sorption from aqueous HCl solution containing ⁸⁹Sr(II) onto Zr–V gel exchanger. The kinetics of Y(III) sorption from HCl solution by Zr–V exchanger was subjected to Weber–Morris, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobachar, and Bt models. Initially, the uptake of Y(III) onto the exchanger was fast followed by kinetically first-order sorption with an overall rate constant, K _Lager = (3.55 ± 0.03) × 10^?4 min^?1. Film and intraparticle transport are the two steps that might influence Y(III) sorption. The negative values of ΔG of ⁹⁰Y retention dictate that, the process is a spontaneous. The negative values of ΔH and ΔS reflect the exothermic nature of ⁹⁰Y(IIsorption and the random uptake of ⁹⁰Y(III) onto Zr–V sorbent. Zr–V exchanger offers unique advantages of ⁹⁰Y(III) retention over conventional solid sorbents in rapid and effective separation of traces of ⁹⁰Y(III) from Sr. The exchanger was successfully packed in column for an effective separation of ⁹⁰Y.     

Biosorption of chromium(VI) and arsenic(V) onto methylated yeast biomass

Yeast biomass was methylated in a 0.1 M HCl methyl alcohol solution at room temperature and the methylated yeast (MeYE) was applied to the adsorptive separation of Cr(VI) and As(V) anions from aqueous solutions. At near-neutral pH, while Cr(VI) and As(V) anions were scarcely adsorbed onto unmethylated yeast biomass, the amounts adsorbed increased with increasing methylation degree. The amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed onto MeYE was almost constant at pH 4-6 and decreased with increasing pH above pH 6. The amount of As(V) adsorbed onto MeYE was rather lower than that of Cr(VI) and it had a peak at about pH 7. A metal-binding model was used to describe the adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) and As(V) on MeYE. The results showed that MeYE has two different types of adsorption sites. The saturated amount of Cr(VI) and As(V) adsorbed onto MeYE having methylation degree 0.94 was 0.55 mmol g(-1).     

Arsenate uptake and arsenite simultaneous sorption and oxidation by Fe-Mn binary oxides: influence of Mn/Fe ratio, pH, Ca2+, and humic acid

Arsenate retention, arsenite sorption and oxidation on the surfaces of Fe-Mn binary oxides may play an important role in the mobilization and transformation of arsenic, due to the common occurrence of these oxides in the environment. However, no sufficient information on the sorption behaviors of arsenic on Fe-Mn binary oxides is available. This study investigated the influences of Mn/Fe molar ratio, solution pH, coexisting calcium ions, and humic acids have on arsenic sorption by Fe-Mn binary oxides. To create Fe-Mn binary oxides, simultaneous oxidation and co-precipitation methods were employed. The Fe-Mn binary oxides exhibited a porous crystalline structure similar to 2-line ferrihydrite at Mn/Fe ratios 1:3 and below, whereas exhibited similar structures to δ-MnO(2) at higher ratios. The As(V) sorption maximum was observed at a Mn/Fe ratio of 1:6, but As(III) uptake maximum was at Mn/Fe ratio 1:3. However, As(III) adsorption capacity was much higher than that of As(V) at each Mn/Fe ratio. As(V) sorption was found to decrease with increasing pH, while As(III) sorption edge was different, depending on the content of MnO(2) in the binary oxides. The presence of Ca(2+) enhanced the As(V) uptake under alkaline pH, but did not significantly influence the As(III) sorption by 1:9 Fe-Mn binary oxide; whereas the presence of humic acid slightly reduced both As(V) and As(III) uptake. These results indicate that As(III) is more easily immobilized than As(V) in the environment, where Fe-Mn binary oxides are available as sorbents and they represent attractive adsorbents for both As(V) and As(III) removal from water and groundwater.     

pH、富里酸和温度对铀酰在ZrP_2O_7上的吸附影响

采用质量滴定法和静态法分别研究了ZrP2O7的零电荷点(pHPZC)和铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上的吸附及解吸行为.铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上的吸附受体系pH、固液比、电解质种类及富里酸(FA)强烈影响,离子强度对铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上吸附的影响较小;随着固液比(m/V)和pH增大,吸附边界向左偏移;磷酸根与硫酸根对吸附有相反的影响;在低pH下,富里酸(FA)促进铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上吸附;柠檬酸根对吸附有非常大的影响;温度升高有利于吸附.采用Langmuir和Freundlich模型对吸附等温线进行拟合研究,表明Freundlich模型可以更好地拟合铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上的吸附.通过对热力学数据如(△H0,△S0和△G0)的计算可知吸附过程是自发和吸热过程.铀酰离子在ZrP2O7上吸附为不可逆吸附.     

Adsorption characteristic of 137Cs from aqueous solution using PAN-based sodium titanosilicate composite

An organic–inorganic ion exchanger namely sodium titanosilicate-polyacrylonitrile (STS-PAN) composite was synthesized and used for the adsorption of ¹³⁷Cs from a typical aqueous solution. The physicochemical behavior of the ion exchanger was specified with different techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), specific surface analysis (BET), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning election microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and CHN elemental analysis. The thermal and gamma irradiation stability of the synthesized ion exchanger was investigated. It was observed that the ion exchanger is stable up to 275 °C and against gamma irradiation up to 200 KGy. The effects of pH, contact time, ambient temperature, and presence of various cations on adsorption rate of STS-PAN were also studied and the optimum conditions obtained. In addition, thermodynamic parameters were evaluated during the adsorption. The values of the enthalpy and the Gibbs free energy suggest an endothermic and spontaneous process. Adsorption isotherm in batch experiment showed that the sorption data were successfully fitted with Langmuir model. Finally the adsorption dynamic capacity of the synthesized composite in a columnar experiment as well as its elution was evaluated. The complete breakthrough curve was generated at a feed rate of 15 bed volume per hour and sorbent capacities were obtained at 5 and 100% breakthrough.