Volumetric Properties of Toluene with Ethyl Acrylate, Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Styrene at 25°C

Densities of the binary systems of toluene with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densitometer. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for systems toluene + (ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene) and positive for the system toluene + methyl methacrylate.     

Excess Molar Volumes of Tetrahydrofuran with Ethyl Acrylate,Butyl Acrylate,Methyl Methacrylate,and Styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for all the systems studied. The system THF + methyl methacrylate behaves almost ideally.     

Density, Excess Volumes, and Partial Volumes of the Binary Systems of Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Ethyl Acrylate, Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of dimethyl sulfoxide with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for the four binaries, probably as a result of the large dipole moment of DMSO, becoming smaller as the monomer becomes more branched or longer, and the dipole moment per monomer unit becomes larger.     

Density and Volumes of Mixing of the Ternary System Ethylbenzene + Styrene + Ethyl Acrylate and its Binaries at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system, ethylbenzene + styrene + ethyl acrylate, and its three binaries have been measured in the whole composition range at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes are positive for the binary system, ethylbenzene + ethyl acrylate, and negative for the systems ethylbenzene + styrene and styrene + ethyl acrylate. The corresponding data were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found to fit the data equally well. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Volumetric properties of cyclohexane with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of cyclohexane with ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densitometer. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are positive for the systems reported here.     

Ultrasonic and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of tetrahydrofuran with some aromatic hydrocarbons at temperatures from 288.15 to 318.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of 2,2′-oxybis[propane] with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter and used to calculate the partial and excess volumes. The latter were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for all the systems reported here.     

Volumetric Properties of the Ternary System 1,4-Dioxane + Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate and Its Binary Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system 1,4-dioxane + butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate and its binary butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate have been measured in the whole composition range, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes of the binary system are positive and were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found equally good to fit the data. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Volumetric Behaviour of Acrylic Esters (Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Butyl Acrylate) + 1-Alcohol (Heptanol,Octanol, Decanol and Dodecanol) at 298.15 K and 308.15 K

Abstract

New experimental data on densities and excess volumes (V^E) for methyl acrylate (MA)+, ethyl acrylate (EA)+, or butyl acrylate (BA)+1-heptanol, +1-octanol, +1-decanol and +1-dodecanol are reported at (298.15 and 308.15) K. The excess volumes were fitted to Redlisch-Kister type equation. The variations in excess volumes with the alkyl chain length of both the components are explained in terms of molecular interactions.     

Determination of residual (free) monomer in water based polymer emulsions by head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry

A method for determination of residual acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, styrene and 2-methyl styrene monomers in polymer emulsions by head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Monomers were separated on DB-624 column and detected by MS under SIM (Selected ion monitoring) mode. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve for all monomers showed a good linear relationship with a regression coefficient of 0.99 over the concentration range of 5.3 mg/kg to 1172 mg/kg. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the target analytes were in the range from 0.4 to 2.9 mg/kg and 0.9 to 7.3 mg/kg respectively.     

苯、甲苯与某些极性溶剂在293.15 K的过量体积

某些极性有机溶剂与烯烃、芳烃的特殊相互作用,是这些极性溶剂能够将烯烃、芳烃自烷烃中分离的基础。其分离的选择性决定于这种特殊相互作用。 L.J.Andrews认为腈类化合物、酮类化合物能与苯或苯的甲基衍生物生成电荷转移络合物,如苯与四氰基乙烯的络合物。R.F.Weimer和J.M.Prausnitz用紫外分光光度法测定过对-二甲苯与丙腈、丙酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等物的分子络合常数。我们也用分光光度法测定过某些芳烃与N-甲基吡咯烷酮的分子络合常数。     

Tricarbonylchromium complexes of styrenes in radical copolymerization

The organometallic monomers styrenetricarbonylchromium and p‐methylstyrenetricarbonylchromium were copolymerized in ethyl acetate solutions with methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate using azobisisobutyronitrile at 50 °C and a binary system including di‐tert‐butylperoxytriphenylantimony at 30 °C as the free‐radical initiators. Comonomers are proposed to form a molecular complex based on the results of ultraviolet and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A kinetic study shows that chromium‐containing monomers at high concentrations in the mixture reduce the rate of copolymerization. The addition of styrenetricarbonylchromium to butyl acrylate significantly slows down the autoacceleration. The reactivity ratios of the comonomer pairs, namely, styrenetricarbonylchromium–methyl methacrylate, styrenetricarbonylchromium–butyl acrylate and p‐methylstyrenetricarbonylchromium–methyl methacrylate, were determined using the method of Kelen–Tudos for low conversion polymerizations.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of acrylic esters with hexane-1-ol at 303.15 and 313.15 K

Densities and viscosities for the four binary liquid mixtures of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with hexane-1-ol at temperatures 303.15 and 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure were measured over the entire composition range. These values were used to calculate excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities which were fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. Recently proposed Jouyban Acree model was also used to correlate the experimental values of density and viscosity. The mixture viscosities were correlated by several semi-empirical approaches like Hind, Choudhary–Katti, Grunberg–Nissan, Tamura and Kurata, McAllister three and four body model equations. A graphical representation of excess molar volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibility shows positive nature whereas deviation in viscosity shows negative nature at both temperatures for all four binary liquid mixtures. Positive values of excess molar volumes show that volume expansion is taking place causing rupture of H-bonds in self associated alcohols. The results were discussed in terms of molecular interactions prevailing in the mixtures.     

原子转移自由基聚合制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-苯乙烯)时单体聚合顺序对嵌段效率的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合研究了聚（ 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ｂ 苯乙烯） 嵌段共聚物的合成,实验结果表明,当先进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合,然后再进行苯乙烯的聚合时,得到了完全的嵌段共聚物;反之,如果改变单体的聚合顺序,则嵌段效率很低．用聚合物末端Ｃ—Ｘ（Ｘ＝ Ｃｌ,Ｂｒ） 键的断裂能对实验结果进行了解释．     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定丙烯酸树脂中9种残余单体

建立了丙烯酸树脂中9种残余单体(丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸)的微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱检测方法。固体丙烯酸树脂样品用乙酸乙酯微波萃取后加甲醇沉淀(液态丙烯酸树脂样品直接用甲醇稀释)后,采用DB-WAX毛细管柱分离。结果表明,本方法在20 min内同时分离了9种单体,所测物质的定量限(LOQ,以信噪比为10计)为3～50 mg/kg(固体树脂)和1～10 mg/kg(液态树脂);在1～500 mg/L范围内,线性相关系数均在0.995以上;在5个添加水平下平均回收率为84.4%～108.6%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.27%～4.97%。方法的灵敏度和回收率高、选择性好,能满足实际工作的要求。     

Inverse microemulsion polymerization of oil-soluble monomers in the presence of hydrophilic polyacrylamide nanoparticles

A new method for preparation of modified polymer particles in two steps was proposed. Free radical polymerization of an oil soluble vinyl monomer like butyl acrylate in inverse microemulsion containing polyacrylamide particles led to the formation of modified, partly hydrophobized, polyacrylamide particles. For the first step of the process (preparation of polyacrylamide particles in inverse microemulsion) is typical a very high polymerization rate while for the second step (polymerization of an oil soluble monomer (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene) in the presence of polyacrylamide particles in inverse microemulsion, the reverse is true. The polymerization of an oil soluble monomer in some instances leads to the formation of 2-phase or even 3-phase disperse systems. The polymeric products obtained after precipitation of the polymer particles from the inverse microemulsions by ethanol were extracted by water and/or toluene and analyzed for acrylamide content. The separated polymer product contained high content of acrylamide, AAm/oil soluble monomer (butyl acrylate BA, or styrene, S) copolymer (85% of AAm/BA, ≈ 99% of AAm/S) besides relatively small amounts of homopolymers of oil soluble monomers (15% of BA, ≈ 1% of S homopolymers).     

以双硫酯为链转移剂的活性自由基聚合

合成并研究了两种双硫酯链转移剂的纯化方法 ,进行了多种单体以双硫酯为链转移剂的活性自由基聚合及嵌段共聚 .发现以PhC(S)SC(CH3) 2 Ph为链转移剂的效果比PhC(S)SCH(CH3)Ph好 ,聚合产物的多分散性系数较小 .引发剂与链转移剂的摩尔数比为 1∶3 5～ 1∶4 2时 ,得到多分散性系数小 ,实测分子量与理论分子量相近的聚合产物 .聚合物的分子量随时间和转化率的增加而增加 ,加入第二单体形成嵌段共聚物 ,具有活性聚合特征 .聚甲基丙烯酸酯大分子引发剂引发丙烯酸酯单体聚合时 ,聚合速度最快 .     

Radiation Degradation of Copolymers. III. Poly(styrene-co-methyl Acrylate)

The distribution of volatile products from γ-irradiation of copolymers of styrene and methyl acrylate is independent of the composition of the copolymer and the same as that obtained from poly(methyl acrylate). The yields are less than proportional to the methyl acrylate content, Indicating a protective effect from the styrene units as observed previously in copolymers of styrene with methyl methacrylate. The flexural strengths of the copolymers, measured at 1°C, decrease with radiation dose for high styrene content, but increase for high methyl acrylate content. Samples irradiated in air have appreciably lower strengths than those irradiated in vacuum. Gel measurements show intermediate behavior for the copolymers between the homopolymers.     

Fullerene-C60, A New Effective Inhibitor of High-Temperature Thermooxidative Degradation of Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers

Fullerene-C₆₀ inhibits thermal and thermooxidative degradation of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with styrene, butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate.     

Free-radical copolymerization of 9-vinylanthracene

Free-radical copolymerization of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate with 9-vinylanthracene was studied, and the reactivity ratios r ₁ and r₂ were calculated. In the light of earlier data on copolymerization of 9-vinylanthracene with styrene results show that the difference in polarity of the monomers participating in the copolymerization has an insignificant influence compared with that of the steric factors involved in the reaction.     

Density, excess volume, and excess coefficient of thermal expansion of the binary systems of dimethyl carbonate with butyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate at T = (293.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K

Densities of the binary systems of dimethyl carbonate with butyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate have been measured as a function of the composition at (293.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K at atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The excess molar volumes are negative for the (dimethyl carbonate + vinyl acetate) system and positive for the three other binaries, and become more so as the temperature increases from (293.15 to 313.15) K. The apparent volumes were used to calculate the values of the partial excess molar volumes at infinite dilution. The excess coefficient of thermal expansion is positive for the four binary systems. The calculated excess molar volumes were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. An explanation of the results is offered based on the FT-IR (ATR) spectra of several mixtures of the different systems.