铝含量对LaNi_(5-x)Al_x合金氘化与去氘化动力学函数的影响

测定了LaNi5 -xAlx(x =0 ,0 1,0 2 ,0 3 )的氘化与去氘化的动力学参数 ,评价了铝含量对LaNi5 -xAlx 合金的氘化与去氘化动力学函数的影响。研究结果表明 ,铝含量不改变合金的氘化与去氘化的反应级数 ;反应速率常数随x的增加而减少 ;活化能随x的增加而增加 ;氘化与去氘化反应级数a (由气相氘压决定 )和b (由固相氘浓度决定 )分别为 2和 1及 0 5和 1。在α β相域 ,氘化与去氘化反应的速控步骤分别为氘化物的成核 长大过程和氘化物中氘的扩散过程     

LaNi5-xAlx合金吸放氢过程的滞后现象

测定了LaNi5-xAlx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)合金在吸放氢过程中P-C等温线的坪台压力及热力学参数.结果表明,坪台压力与热力学参数焓变ΔH,熵变ΔS随合金中Al含量的增加而降低,吸氢及放氢过程中的坪台压力存在一定的差异,即滞后现象(用滞后系数Hf表示).Hf随温度的升高而减弱,随合金中Al含量的增加而降低.滞后现象与合金在吸放氢过程中的应力释放有关.     

Ti-Hf合金的结构和吸氘热力学性质

采用磁悬浮法制备了4种TiHfx,(x=0.13,0.26,0.52,1.03)二元合金。利用X射线衍射技术对纯钛、纯铪和4种成分Ti-Hf二元合金吸氘前后的物相结构、晶胞参数和吸氘特性进行了研究。Ti-Hf合金吸氘前均为六方密堆结构,饱和吸氘后形成较单一的面心四方ε相氘化物。随Hf含量增加,Ti-Hf合金及其ε相氘化物的晶胞参数均呈增大趋势。压强-组成等温线显示,Hf含量增加将导致氘化物室温平衡压升高,Ti-Hf合金热力学性质趋近于H-Hf体系,Hf对Ti-Hf合金氘化物热力学性质起主导作用。Hf掺杂显著降低了Ti吸氘的体膨胀,从而有望缓解由于体胀导致的氢脆现象。     

La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0～0.4)储氢合金的相结构及电化学性能

采用真空烧结方式制备了AB3.5型La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4)储氢合金.XRD分析表明,所有合金均由LaNi5,La2Ni7和LaNi3三相组成.当Nd含量增加时,合金中的LaNi5和La2Ni7相含量有不同程度的增加,而LaNi3相相应减少.电化学性能测试表明,添加适量的Nd能改善合金电极的循环稳定性,其中La0.6Nd0.1Mg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1合金具有相对较好的综合性能,其最大放电容量达到322.4 mAh·g-1,循环50周的容量保持率(S50)达到89.98%.     

硼对La17Fe76B7型储氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

采用中频感应熔炼-快淬方法制备了La17Fe3Mn5Al2Ni73-xBx(x=0,1,3,5)储氢合金。结构分析表明,不含B的合金为双相结构,主相为LaNi5相,第二相为La2Ni7相,含B合金均由LaNi5相、La2Ni7相和La3Ni13B2相组成,且随着B含量的增加,LaNi5相和La2Ni7相减少,La3Ni13B2相逐渐增加。电化学测试表明,随着B含量的增加,合金的活化性能、最大放电容量不同程度下降,而循环稳定性有所改善。合金电极的倍率放电能力(HRD)随着B含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,表明适量的B有利于提高合金的高倍率放电性能。合金电极的交换电流密度(I0)随着B含量的增加先增大后减小,而氢在合金中的扩散系数(D)则逐渐增大,表明合金的高倍率放电性能主要取决于合金表面的电荷转移能力。     

金属镱高压吸氘性能研究

大部分稀土金属与氢反应 ,都能很容易地生成三氢化物。但镱和铕却是例外 ,镱在氘压力小于 1 .0 3× 1 0 5Ｐａ时只生成二氘化物。文献报道金属镱在氢压力约为 2 .0ＭＰａ时生成ＹｂＨ2 .58,2 0 0～30 0℃等温线平台区从约ＹｂＨ2 扩展到接近ＹｂＨ2 .5,表明有两种不同的氢化物物相存在。基于ｖａｎ’ｔＨｏｆｆ计算得到ＹｂＨ2 .5(至二氢化物 )离解热约为 1 3.8ｋＪ/ｍｏｌＨ2 。对于在压力大于 0 .1ＭＰａ条件下获得的高含氢量氢化镱 ,Ｈａｒｄｃａｓｔｌｅ报道有一个ａ为 5 .1 92 的ｆｃｃ相与低氢含量的氢化物相共存[1 ] ,两个物相的存…     

储氢合金La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.4Co0.6(x=0～0.4)电化学性能研究

研究了以Ce部分取代La对AB3型储氢合金La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.4Co0.6(x=0~0.4)结构和电化学性能的影响.实验表明,该系列合金主要包含LaNi3相和LaNi5相.随着Ce含量的增加,合金电极的最大放电容量逐渐降低,但循环稳定性得到了明显改善.     

钪元素对AB2型合金Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1（x=0～1）储氢和电化学性能的影响

用真空电弧熔炼方法制备了Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1(x=0～1)AB2型储氢合金,研究了Sc元素替代Zr对合金的微观组织结构、气态储氢及电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1合金主要是由FCC型C15相、CsCl型结构的(ScZr)Ni相和少量的Ni10Zr7相组成,随Sc含量的增加,C15相丰度逐渐减小,(ScZr)Ni相丰度逐渐增加,当x=0.2时Ni10Zr7相基本消失;Sc元素对合金的首次气态吸氢动力学行为影响较大,随Sc含量的增加,合金吸氢动力学性能逐渐变缓,但吸氢容量逐渐提高,直至达x=1.0时的最大吸氢量1.87%;Sc元素对合金吸氢PCT曲线平衡氢压的影响规律不明显,随Sc含量增加,合金氢化物的形成焓ΔH从-26.66 kJ.mol-1逐渐减小到-8.14 kJ.mol-1。Sc元素的加入可明显改善合金电极的活化性能,提高放电容量,随Sc含量的增加,合金电极最大放电容量从x=0时的350.3 mAh.g-1增加到x=1时的429.8 mAh.g-1,呈先减小后增大的趋势,但电极容量的保持率S100随Sc含量增加而快速下降。     

低钴LaNi4.5Co0.4-xAl0.1+x储氢合金的相结构和电极性能

采用XRD,SEM等材料分析方法及恒电流充放电、线性极化等电化学测试技术研究了低钴LaNi4.5Co0.4-xAl0.1+x(x=0.00～0.30)储氢合金的电极性能。XRD分析表明:合金均为单一CaCu5型六方结构的LaNi5相结构,随着合金中Al含量的增加,其晶胞参数a和c及晶胞体积都显著增加。301 K时模拟电池测试结果表明:x=0.00时,合金电极具有最佳自放电性能;x=0.15时,合金电极的循环稳定性能最好,其高倍率放电性能达到70.21%(放电电流密度为1800 mA.g-1)。当0.10≤x≤0.15时,Al替代Co能改善AB5型低钴储氢合金的循环稳定性能和高倍率放电性能。     

电弧熔炼过程中LaFe_(13-x)Si_x合金的凝固组织和相形成研究

研究了电弧熔炼过程中LaFe13-xSix合金的凝固行为。应用XRD和扫描电镜分析了合金组织相组成和结构。结果表明:电弧熔炼铸锭随温度梯度出现分层;La(Fe,Si)13(简称:1∶13)相是包晶反应生成的,冷速和硅含量变化对合金的凝固行为有很大的影响,当Si含量x≤1.0时合金显微组织由α-(Fe,Si)相和共晶相La Fe Si(简称:1∶1∶1)相组成,α-(Fe,Si)(简称:α-Fe)相为主要相,随硅含量增加1∶1∶1相增多;x≥1.5时由α-Fe相、1∶13相和1∶1∶1相组成;随x增加1∶13相为主要相,1∶1∶1相减少;当x≥2.0时显微组织中1∶13相作为初生相析出,且随温度梯度和硅含量变化1∶13相的形貌不同。     

Composition-structure relationships in polar intermetallics: experimental and theoretical studies of LaNi(1 + x)Al(6 - x) (x = 0.44)

A new ternary aluminide, LaNi(1 + x)Al(6 - x ) (x = 0.44), has been synthesized from La, Ni, and Al in sealed silica tubes. Its structure, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is tetragonal P4/mmm (No. 123) with Z = 1 and has the lattice parameters a = 4.200(8) and c = 8.080(8) angstroms. Refinement based on Fo2 yielded R1 = 0.0197 and wR2 = 0.020 [I > 2sigmaI]. The compound adopts a structure type previously observed in SrAu2Ga5 and EuAu2Ga5. The atomic arrangement is closely related to the one in BaAl4 as well as in other rare-earth gallide compounds such as LaNi0.6Ga6, HoCoGa5, Ce4Ni2Ga20, Ce4Ni2Ga17, Ce4NiGa18, and Ce3Ni2Ga15. This structure exhibits a large open cavity which may be filled by a guest atom. Band structure calculations using density functional theory have been carried out to understand the stability of this new compound.     

Heterocyclic analogs of pleiadiene

The behavior of N-methyl derivatives of perimidine (I), aceperimidine (VI), aceperimidylene (VII), naphth[2,3-d]imidazole (V), benzimidazole (II), and 1H- and 3H-naphth[1,2-d]imidazoles (III, IV) with respect to n-butyllithium was studied. Compounds I and V–VII add n-butyllithium to the C=N bond to give 2-n-butyl-2,3-dihydro derivatives, whereas II–IV are metallated to give 2-lithio derivatives. The different reactivities of I, V–VII, and II–IV are explained by the reduced aromatic character and high polarization of the C=N bond in I and V–VII. The investigated compounds are arranged in the following order with respect to the ease of undergoing basic deuterium exchange at the C-H bond V>II>III>IV>VII>I>VI. There is no correlation between the rate of deuterium exchange and the behavior of I–VII with respect to butyllithium.See [1] for communication XXX.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1544–1548, November, 1977.     

LaNi5-xCox合金电子结构的第一性原理分析

基于密度泛函理论, 采用总能量计算方法与结合超软赝势平面波函数方法, 对不同Co含量的LaNi5−xCox (x=0, 0.5, 1)几何结构进行了优化, 计算了其相应的晶体结构、能带结构、态密度及Mulliken密度等, 从理论上给出了其结构参数及性质. 结果表明, 体系的价电子主要集中在费米能级EF附近, 并且随着Co含量的升高, 费米面能量单调下降. 由Mulliken密度分析可知, Ni3g—Ni3g 和Ni2c—Ni2c键的Mulliken重叠密度均降低, 说明钴取代后合金中的Ni—Ni键强减弱, 而La—Ni2c键的重叠密度值升高说明取代后合金中的La—Ni键增强.     

Pd/C催化的对异丁基苯乙酮加氢反应

２（４异丁基苯基）丙酸（俗称布洛芬）是一种重要的解热镇痛消炎药物［１］,经典的生产路线是由异丁基苯出发,经弗克反应、达村缩合,最后经氧化制得［２］;其合成步骤多,成品精制难,生产成本高．美国于１９９２年通过１（４异丁基苯基）乙醇（ＩＢＰＥ）羰...     

LaNi_(5-x)M_x高温氢化的歧化行为

采用X射线衍射、差热分析及电化学方法 ,研究了吸氢合金LaNi5-xMx(M =Mn ,Co,Fe,Cr,Al)在高温氢化反应时的歧化行为及其反应产物的电化学性能。LaNi5-xMx 在 2 5MPa氢压和 550℃以上保温一定时间后可发生明显的歧化反应 ,并析出纳米相镍。歧化反应的程度与加热温度、时间、第三组元M及合金的生成焓关系密切。电化学交换电流密度测定表明 ,经歧化反应得到的含纳米相镍的复相组织与原始合金组织相比具有较高的吸放氢电催化活性。     

氢中杂质CO对LaNi5,LaNi4.7Al0.3,MlNi4.5Al0.5合金PCT特性的影响

研究了 3种贮氢合金 ,即LaNi5 ,LaNi4.7Al0 .3,MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 在纯氢 ( 99 999% )及含 0 0 1%CO气体杂质氢中毒化前后的PCT特性。对于LaNi5 ,毒化后不出现平台 ;对LaNi4.7Al0 .3及MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 合金 ,平台压升高 ,平台倾斜加剧 ,平台宽度缩小 ,饱和吸氢量减小。LaNi5 中加入少量Al后 ,可以提高其抗毒化能力。分析了PCT平台变短、倾斜的原因。     

Kinetics and mechanism of the wet oxidation of propene to acetone in the presence of Pd2+ ions and Mo-V-phosphoric heteropoly acids ?

Summary Oxidation of propene to acetone in water solutions in the presence of homogeneous catalysts (Pd²⁺ + HPA-x, where HPA-x = H_3+xPV_xMo_12-xO₄₀, x = 1-4) is studied. This reaction is shown to be of the 1st order with respect to C₃H₆ and of the 0.5th order with respect to Pd. The reaction rate does not depend on the concentration of HPA-x and acidity of the catalyst solution. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 21 kJ/mol. A reaction mechanism is proposed.     

The reactivity of 3-methyl- and 5-methyl-1-vinylpyrazoles in free-radical polymerization

3-Methyl-l-vinylpyrazole (M3VP) and 5-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole (M5VP) were isolated as individual substances by vacuum rectification of their mixture (M3VP: M5VP 60 40). For each of them the kinetics of free-radical polymerization in MeOH were measured at low conversions. In both cases the rate of polymerization is proportional to 0.5 order with respect to the initiator (AIBN) concentration. On the other hand, a first order of reaction with respect to monomer concentration is observed only when the latter is relatively low (3M). At higher initial concentrations of monomers the order of reaction becomes less than unity. The overall rate of polymerization for M5VP was higher than for M3VP, whereas the initiation rate remained constant in the whole range of monomer concentrations and did not depend on the exact structure of the monomer. The difference in the rates of polymerization observed for M3VP and M5VP is probably connected with the difference in the key parameterk _p/k _t ^1/2 for each of the two isomers. It is concluded that the correct kinetic information about homo- and co-polymerization of M3VP and M5VP cannot be obtained without their adequate separation.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 413–415, February, 1993.     

Kinetic study of the metalation of a polystyrene model compound by the secondary butyllithium-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine complex

2.5-Diphenyl hexane, a model compound of polystyrene was metalated by a complex of secondary butyllithium and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine in heptane. At various times, the lithiated dimer was quenched with deuterated methanol. The deuterated compound was examined by mass spectrometry and from the deuterium content, the degree of lithiation was determined. The effects of the concentration of styrene units, secondary butyllithium and diamine on the lithiation were studied at 20 C and ?20 C. The overall rate of metalation was first order with respect to the styrene units concentration and half-order with respect to sec. butylithium-TMEDA complex concentration. The kinetic results were explained by the presence at 20 C of the 1 4 complex (1 sec. BuLi 4 TMEDA) and at ?20 C of the 1–2 complex (1 sec. BuLi 2 TMEDA).     

Synthetic scope and mechanistic studies of Ru(OH)x/Al2O3-catalyzed heterogeneous hydrogen-transfer reactions

Three kinds of hydrogen-transfer reactions, namely racemization of chiral secondary alcohols, reduction of carbonyl compounds to alcohols using 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor, and isomerization of allylic alcohols to saturated ketones, are efficiently promoted by the easily prepared and inexpensive supported ruthenium catalyst Ru(OH)x/Al2O3. A wide variety of substrates, such as aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic alcohols or carbonyl compounds, can be converted into the desired products, under anaerobic conditions, in moderate to excellent yields and without the need for additives such as bases. A larger scale, solvent-free reaction is also demonstrated: the isomerization of 1-octen-3-ol with a substrate/catalyst ratio of 20,000/1 shows a very high turnover frequency (TOF) of 18,400 h(-1), with a turnover number (TON) that reaches 17,200. The catalysis for these reactions is intrinsically heterogeneous in nature, and the Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 recovered after the reactions can be reused without appreciable loss of catalytic performance. The reaction mechanism of the present Ru(OH)x/Al2O3-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer reactions were examined with monodeuterated substrates. After the racemization of (S)-1-deuterio-1-phenylethanol in the presence of acetophenone was complete, the deuterium content at the alpha-position of the corresponding racemic alcohol was 91%, whereas no deuterium was incorporated into the alpha-position during the racemization of (S)-1-phenylethanol-OD. These results show that direct carbon-to-carbon hydrogen transfer occurs via a metal monohydride for the racemization of chiral secondary alcohols and reduction of carbonyl compounds to alcohols. For the isomerization, the alpha-deuterium of 3-deuterio-1-octen-3-ol was selectively relocated at the beta-position of the corresponding ketones (99% D at the beta-position), suggesting the involvement of a 1,4-addition of ruthenium monohydride species to the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone intermediate. The ruthenium monohydride species and the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone would be formed through alcoholate formation/beta-elimination. Kinetic studies and kinetic isotope effects show that the Ru-H bond cleavage (hydride transfer) is included in the rate-determining step.