催化荧光法测定痕量铜的探究性实验设计与实践

基于铜(Ⅱ)对高碘酸钾氧化番红花红T具有催化作用,建立催化动力学荧光法测定痕量铜的新体系。体系在加入铜(Ⅱ)后,在580 nm波长处的荧光强度明显降低,且在2.50-32.50 ng?m L~(-1)范围内铜(Ⅱ)的浓度与体系的lg(F_0/F)呈线性关系。基于催化动力学荧光分析法测定痕量铜的新方法实验,探讨了仪器分析实验课探究性实验的设计与实施方法。同时,为实现探究性实验教学,教师要严把命题关和可行性分析关,以期达到探究性实验设计的教学效果。     

铜离子作为主客体的双通道化学传感器的研究进展

铜离子在人体各种生理过程中起着重要的作用,生物体中铜离子浓度的失衡会引起一些相应的疾病,因此对于铜离子的研究至关重要.所谓双通道化学传感器,是指可以选择性识别两种离子或者分子的一类化学传感器,相比于单通道化学传感器,该类传感器具有功能多样化的特点.近年来,一些关于铜离子作为主客体的双通道化学传感器被广泛报道.基于此,综述了近年来铜离子作为主客体的双通道化学传感器的研究进展.     

进口中亚铜矿和含铜物料红外光谱法鉴定方法的研究

基于阿拉山口口岸重要地理位置,结合进口中亚铜矿和含铜物料情况,按照国别收集阿拉山口口岸进口铜矿和含铜物料样品。利用红外光谱可根据未知物在红外光谱中吸收峰的强度、位置和形状,确定该未知物分子中包含有哪些基团,从而推断该未知物的结构的性质,通过优化实验条件,对铜矿和含铜物料进行定性鉴定技术的研究,并建立符合新疆口岸进口中亚国家铜矿产品谱图库,便于快速确定矿产国别及品质源头,防止低含量铜冶炼残渣易名高含量铜精矿进口,危害国家利益。     

功能肽段介导的铜离子荧光传感器的构建及应用

铜离子是导致多种疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、朊病毒病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症等)的重要因素。当前已有针对铜离子检测的相关报道,但基于多肽与铜离子相互作用的荧光传感器鲜有关注。该文依据淀粉样蛋白与铜离子特异性结合的特点,利用已知的淀粉样蛋白组成单元,设计出能与铜离子有序配位的多肽分子(DDAEGHARHCR)。同时,借助于“多肽-铜离子-钙黄绿素”三元竞争体系,构建出铜离子的荧光恢复性传感器。铜离子能有效地猝灭钙黄绿素的荧光信号。而当向钙黄绿素-铜离子体系引入功能肽段时,肽段凭借更强的结合能力将铜离子夺取出来,极大地恢复体系的荧光信号,进而完成对铜离子的传感检测。在对体系的反应温度、反应时间、pH值、钙黄绿素浓度等实验参数进行优化后,实现了对环境水样中铜离子的高灵敏检测。该方法对铜离子检出限为127 nmol/L,线性范围为0.12~13 μmol/L,具有简单、快速、高效、稳定性好等特点,满足环境水样的检测需求,在水体中铜离子含量的监测与分析方面展现出良好的应用潜力。     

采用优化的DFTB参数对铜(111)表面碳二聚化的分子动力学研究

针对铜表面化学反应,我们发展了一套铜-碳体系的密度泛函紧束缚(DFTB)参数。测试结果表明这套参数可以很好的描述吸附铜或碳原子前后铜表面的几何结构和能量。基于这套参数,我们对Cu(111)表面的碳二聚化过程进行了分子模拟研究。即使在高温下,直接的分子动力学模拟也很难观察到碳二聚体的形成。这是因为高温下铜表面显著的结构弛豫一定程度上阻止了二聚化。为了研究高温下铜表面碳二聚化的机理,我们进行了赝动力学模拟。发现在二聚化的过程中,碳原子形成C-Cu-C桥状结构以后,会绕中间Cu原子转动,最后形成碳二聚体。1300 K下碳二聚化的自由能垒约0.9 eV。     

催化动力学法测定Cu（IO3）2的溶度积

难溶化合物的溶度积测定是无机化学实验和普通化学实验的基本内容之一,国内大多数教材均安排和设计了该内容的实验.其中,碘酸铜是用于测定得较多的一种难溶物.实验中,基于沉淀饱和溶液中的铜离子与氨水生成颜色更深的铜氨配离子,用比色法来测其浓度,进而求知碘酸铜的溶度积.但是,上述方法由于近似成份较多、学生对标准色阶的颜色     

催化激光热透镜光谱法测定铜

基于铜催化邻苯二胺氧化反应,以激光热透镜光谱法测定微量铜,讨论了测定条件的影响。结果表明,该方法测定灵敏度高,在0．2－1．2μg/L铜（Ⅱ）浓度范围内呈线性关系,重现性及回收率实验均取得满意的结果。     

一种咔唑类衍生物的合成及其探针性能研究

用两步简便方法合成了基于咔唑基的荧光探针2,6-二(9-乙基咔唑-3氨甲基)-4-叔丁基苯酚,并对其光谱性能和离子选择性进行了研究.结果表明:在pH=7.4的体系中,该化合物对铜离子具有较强的选择性,铜离子的出现使得该探针在438nm处的荧光猝灭,且猝灭程度和铜离子浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系.     

基于罗丹明-B的双通道铜离子荧光探针及其活细胞的应用(英文)

本文介绍了一种紫外-可见和荧光双通道铜离子探针,该探针基于罗丹明-B,通过水合肼为桥梁来连接三苯胺,便利而廉价。其在水体系下对铜离子显示出了良好的选择性和极高的灵敏度(2.78×10-8mol·L-1)。并且,通过初步的活细胞测试,表明该铜离子探针有着良好的生物相容性和细胞穿透性,在生物、医药领域有着非常大的潜力。     

流动注射树脂相光度法联用单片机测定铜

基于铜（Ⅱ）与2-[（5-溴-2-吡啶）偶氮]-5-（二乙胺基）苯酚（5-Br-PADAP)形成稳定络合物的性质,利用717型阴离子交换树脂作为吸附载体,建立了流动注射树脂相吸光光度法测定铜的新方法,并联用单征机实现测定过程的程序化、自动化。此法已成功用于铜尾矿中铜的测定。     

Ba3 (VO4)2-K2 Ba(MoO4)2 and Pb3 (VO4)2-K2 Pb(MoO4)2 systems

Phase equilibria in the Ba₃(VO₄)₂-K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂ and Pb3(VO₄)₂-K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂ systems have been investigated. In the first system, a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with the palmierite structure is formed, and in the second one, the polymorphic transition in lead orthovanadate at 100°C restricts the extent of the palmierite-type solid solution to 10–100 mol % K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Zhuravlev, Yu.A. Velikodnyi, A.S. Vinogradova-Zhabrova, A.P. Tyutyunnik, V.G. Zubkov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1746–1748.     

Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2正极材料的Ga2O3包覆改性及电化学性能

首先采用共沉淀方法制备富锂锰基正极材料 Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂原始样品(P-LRMO), 然后通过简单的湿化学法以及低温煅烧方法对其进行不同含量 Ga₂O₃原位包覆。透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明在 P-LRMO表面成功合成了 Ga₂O₃包覆层。电化学测试结果表明:含有 3 %Ga₂O₃的改性材料 G3-LRMO具有最优的电化学性能, 其在 0.1C倍率(电流密度为 25 mA·g^-1)下首圈充放电比容量可以达到 270.1 mAh·g^-1, 在 5C倍率下容量仍能保持 127.4 mAh·g^-1, 优于未改性材料的 90.7 mAh·g^-1, 表现出优异的倍率性能。G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 200圈后仍有 190.7 mAh·g^-1的容量, 容量保持率由未改性前的 72.9 %提升至 85.6 %, 证明 Ga₂O₃包覆改性能有效提升富锂锰基材料的循环稳定性。并且, G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 100圈后, 电荷转移阻抗(R_ct)为 107.7 Ω, 远低于未改性材料的 251.5 Ω, 表明 Ga₂O₃包覆层能提高材料的电子传输速率。     

Investigation of phase equilibria in the systems K2SO4Sc2(SO4)3, Rb2SO4Sc2(SO4)3 and Cs2SO4Sc2(SO4)3

Phase diagrams of the systems K₂SO₄Sc₂(SO₄)₃, Rb₂SO ₄Sc₂(SO₄)₃ and Cs₂SO₄ Sc₂(SO₄)₃ have been investigated by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. A salient feature of all the systems is the formation of M₃Sc(SO₄)₃, which melt incongruently, and MSc(SO₄)₂, which on heating decompose in the solid state.     

Synthesis and molecular structures of heptafluoroisopropylated fullerenes: C60(i-C3F7)8, C60(i-C3F7)6, and C60(CF3)2(i-C3F7)2

One isomer of C₆₀(i-C₃F₇)₈, three isomers of C₆₀(i-C₃F₇)₆, and the first mixed perfluoroalkylated fullerene, C₆₀(CF₃)₂(i-C₃F₇)₂, have been isolated by HPLC from a mixture prepared by reaction of C₆₀ with heptafluoroisopropyl iodide in a glass ampoule at 260-290 °C. The molecular structures of the four new compounds have been determined by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction partially also by use of synchrotron radiation. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level of theory have been employed to rationalize the energetics of isomers and of C₆₀-R_f binding.     

Phase transitions in Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2

α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ crystallizes in the cubic system (space group: ) with one type of calcium ions disordered over of equivalent (8c) positions. An ordered low-temperature phase (β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂) was prepared and found to crystallize in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with lattice parameters: , , and . Structure refinements on the basis of X-ray powder data have revealed that orthorhombic β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ corresponds to an ordered super-structure of cubic α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂. The space group Cmca assigned for β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ is derived from by a group-subgroup relationship.DSC measurements and temperature-dependent in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies showed reversible phase transitions between β- and α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ with transition temperatures between 215 and 240 °C.The structure Sr₃(BN₂)₂ was reported isotypic with α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ () with one type of strontium ions being disordered over of equivalent (2c) positions. In addition, a primitive () structure has been reported for Sr₃(BN₂)₂. Phase stability studies on Sr₃(BN₂)₂ revealed a phase transition between a primitive and a body-centred lattice around 820 °C. The experiments showed that both previously published structures are correct and can be assigned as α-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, high-temperature phase), and β-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, low-temperature phase).A comparison of Ca₃(BN₂)₂ and Sr₃(BN₂)₂ phases reveals that the different types of cation disordering present in both of the cubic α-phases () have a directing influence on the formation of two distinct (orthorhombic and cubic) low-temperature phases.     

Syntheses, structures, and properties of Ag4(Mo2O5)(SeO4)2(SeO3) and Ag2(MoO3)3SeO3

Ag₄(Mo₂O₅)(SeO₄)₂(SeO₃) has been synthesized by reacting AgNO₃, MoO₃, and selenic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of this compound consists of cis-MoO₂²⁺ molybdenyl units that are bridged to neighboring molybdenyl moieties by selenate anions and by a bridging oxo anion. These dimeric units are joined by selenite anions to yield zigzag one-dimensional chains that extended down the c-axis. Individual chains are polar with the C₂ distortion of the Mo(VI) octahedra aligning on one side of each chain. However, the overall structure is centrosymmetric because neighboring chains have opposite alignment of the C₂ distortion. Upon heating Ag₄(Mo₂O₅)(SeO₄)₂(SeO₃) looses SeO₂ in two distinct steps to yield Ag₂MoO₄. Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 Å): orthorhombic, space group Pbcm, a=5.6557(3), b=15.8904(7), c=15.7938(7) Å, V=1419.41(12), Z=4, R(F)=2.72% for 121 parameters with 1829 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ was synthesized by reacting AgNO₃ with MoO₃, SeO₂, and HF under hydrothermal conditions. The structure of Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ consists of three crystallographically unique Mo(VI) centers that are in 2+2+2 coordination environments with two long, two intermediate, and two short bonds. These MoO₆ units are connected to form a molybdenyl ribbon that extends along the c-axis. These ribbons are further connected together through tridentate selenite anions to form two-dimensional layers in the [bc] plane. Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 Å): monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a=7.7034(5), b=11.1485(8), c=12.7500(9) Å, β=105.018(1) V=1002.7(2), Z=4, R(F)=3.45% for 164 parameters with 2454 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ decomposes to Ag₂Mo₃O₁₀ on heating above 550 °C.     

Luminescence properties of efficient X-ray phosphors of YBa3B9O18, LuBa3(BO3)3, α-YBa3(BO3)3 and LuBO3

The samples of YBa₃B₉O₁₈, LuBa₃(BO₃)₃, α-YBa₃(BO₃)₃ and LuBO₃ powders have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction methods at high temperature and their X-ray excited luminescent properties were investigated. All the studied materials show a broad emission band in the wavelength range of 300-550 nm with the peak centers at about 385 nm for YBa₃B₉O₁₈ and LuBa₃(BO₃)₃, 415 nm for α-YBa₃(BO₃)₃ and 360 nm for LuBO₃ powders, respectively. Even though those compounds have the different atomic structures, they have the common structural feature of each yttrium or lutetium ion bonded to six separate BO₃ groups, i.e., octahedral RE(BO₃)₆ (RE=Lu or Y) moiety. This octahedral RE(BO₃)₆(RE=Lu or Y) moiety seems to be an important structural element for efficient X-ray excited luminescence of those compounds, as are the edge-sharing octahedral TaO₆ chains for tantalate emission.     

A new three-dimensional cobalt phosphate: Co5(OH2)4(HPO4)2(PO4)2

A three-dimensional (3D) cobalt phosphate: Co₅(OH₂)₄(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂ (1), has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic techniques. The title compound is a template free cobalt phosphate. Compound 1 exhibits a complex net architecture based on edge- and corner-sharing of CoO₆ and PO₄ polyhedra. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that the title compound obeys Curie-Weiss behavior down to a temperature of 17 K at which an antiferromagnetic phase transition occurs.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of gallosilicate- and aluminogermanate tetrahydroborate sodalites Na8[GaSiO4]6(BH4)2 and Na8[AlGeO4]6(BH4)2

Tetrahydroborate enclathrated sodalites with gallosilicate and aluminogermanate host framework were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Crystal structures were refined in the space group P-43n from X-ray powder data using the Rietveld method. Na₈[GaSiO₄]₆(BH₄)₂: a=895.90(1) pm, V=0.71909(3)×10⁻⁶ nm³, R_P=0.074, R_B=0.022, Na₈[AlGeO₄]₆(BH₄)₂: a=905.89(2) pm, V=0.74340(6)×10⁻⁶ nm³, R_P=0.082, R_B=0.026. The tetrahedral framework T-atoms are completely ordered in each case and the boron atoms are located at the centre of the sodalite cages. The hydrogen atoms of the enclathrated anions were refined on x, x, x positions, restraining them to boron-hydrogen distances of 116.8 pm as found in NaBD₄.The IR-absorption spectra of the novel phases show the typical bands of the tetrahedral group as found in the spectrum of pure sodium boron hydride.The new sodalites are discussed as interesting -containing model compounds which could release pure hydrogen.     

Synthesis and structural investigation of the compounds containing HF2 anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6)

Three new compounds Ca(HF₂)₂, Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) were obtained in the system metal(II) fluoride and anhydrous HF (aHF) acidified with excessive PF₅. The obtained polymeric solids are slightly soluble in aHF and they crystallize out of their aHF solutions. Ca(HF₂)₂ was prepared by simply dissolving CaF₂ in a neutral aHF. It represents the second known compound with homoleptic HF environment of the central atom besides Ba(H₃F₄)₂. The compounds Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) represent two additional examples of the formation of a polymeric zigzag ladder or ribbon composed of metal cation and fluoride anion (MF⁺)_n besides PbF(AsF₆), the first isolated compound with such zigzag ladder. The obtained new compounds were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction method and partly by Raman spectroscopy. Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ crystallizes in a triclinic space group P1¯ with a=4.5870(2) Å, b=8.8327(3) Å, c=11.2489(3) Å, α=67.758(9)°, β=84.722(12), γ=78.283(12)°, V=413.00(3) Å³ at 200 K, Z=1 and R=0.0588. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 200 K: space group P1¯, a=4.5722(19) Å, b=4.763(2) Å, c=8.818(4) Å, α=86.967(10)°, β=76.774(10)°, γ=83.230(12)°, V=185.55(14) ų, Z=1 and R=0.0937. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 293 K: space group P1¯, a=4.586(2) Å, b=4.781(3) Å, c=8.831(5) Å, α=87.106(13)°, β=76.830(13)°, γ=83.531(11)°, V=187.27(18) Å³, Z=1 and R=0.072. Ca(HF₂)₂ crystallizes in an orthorhombic Fddd space group with a=5.5709(6) Å, b=10.1111(9) Å, c=10.5945(10) Å, V=596.77(10) Å³ at 200 K, Z=8 and R=0.028.