多波长系统孤子耦合方程的可积性

多波长系统孤子耦合方程存在Lax对，具有可积性，利用Hirota双线性方法求出了孤子耦合方程的单孤子解和双孤子解. 关键词： Lax对 Hirota双线性变换 可积性     

可积模型中孤子相互作用的研究

从可积模型的双线性形式出发,可以得到关于方程场变量或某种势所存在的所有方向都是指数局域的dromion解或除一个方向外指数衰减的“Solitoff”解.以(1+1)维和(2+1)维KdV类型方程为例,对孤子(dromions或“Solitoff”)间的相互作用进行了详细的研究,发现孤子间的相互作用规律与方程的维数和类型无关.只要方程的多孤子解形式符合Hirota标准形式(所有耦合系数均不为零),孤子之间的碰撞是弹性的,否则就是非弹性的 关键词： 可积模型 孤子相互作用 双线性方法     

2+1维Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov方程中孤子相互作用的探索

利用分离变量法得到了2+1维Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov方程包含三个任意函数的精确解.合 适地选择任意函数，该精确解可以是描述所有方向指数局域的dromion相互作用，三个方向 指数局域的‘Solitoff’和dromion相互作用以及线孤子和y周期孤子相互作用的解.对dromi on相互作用从解析和几何两个角度进行了详细地探讨，揭示了一些新的相互作用规律. 关键词： dromions相互作用 NNV方程 分离变量法     

多组分耦合非线性薛定谔方程的3-孤子解及其相互作用

研究了带有变系数的N阶耦合非线性薛定谔方程,获得了其3-孤子解,并通过渐近分析和图像分析研究了孤子的相互作用。结果表明,当本征值不同时, 3-孤子解分别为常规孤子、束缚态孤子以及常规孤子和束缚态孤子的组合;当满足特定条件时,常规亮孤子和束缚态亮孤子可实现弹性相互作用,也可实现非弹性相互作用,而暗孤子仅存在非弹性相互作用;对于常规孤子和束缚态孤子的组合,亮孤子分量的相互作用规律较为复杂,受参数取值影响较大,但暗孤子分量依然保持弹性相互作用。     

(2+1)维破裂孤子方程的新多孤子解

Hirota双线性方法是一种非常有效的直接方法，使得求解非线性演化方程的多孤子解转化为 代数求解.将这一方法进一步拓展，求得了(2+1)维破裂孤子方程的新多孤子解. 关键词： 双线性方法 多孤子解 (2+1)维破裂孤子方程     

光纤中变系数非线性Schrdinger方程的孤子解及其应用

基于推广的立方非线性Klein_Gordon方程对一般形式的变系数非线性Schrdinger方程进行研究,讨论了无啁啾情形的孤子解,发现了包括亮、暗孤子解和类孤子解在内的一些新的精确解.同时对基本孤子的色散控制方法进行了简单讨论.作为特例,常系数非线性Schrdinger方程和两类特殊的变系数非线性Schrdinger方程的结果和已知的形式一致.此外,还研究了一个周期增益或损耗的光纤系统,得到了有意义的结果.     

非线性耦合标量场方程的精确解

在非线性耦合标量场方程已有精确解基础上，利用适当的函数变换方法，再次获得几种精确解，从而新旧结果一起构成耦合标量场方程的8种精确解，其中有6种孤子解，另外两种为三角函数形式的周期解.讨论了这些结果在物理学其他几个著名方程上的应用. 关键词：     

光纤中变系数非线性Schr(o)dinger方程的孤子解及其应用

基于推广的立方非线性Klein—Gordon方程对一般形式的变系数非线性Schrodinger方程进行研究，讨论了无啁啾情形的孤子解，发现了包括亮、暗孤子解和类孤子解在内的一些新的精确解．同时对基本孤子的色散控制方法进行了简单讨论．作为特例，常系数非线性Schrodinger方程和两类特殊的变系数非线性Schrodinger方程的结果和已知的形式一致．此外，还研究了一个周期增益或损耗的光纤系统，得到了有意义的结果．     

在孤子控制下两个飞秒光孤子间的相互作用

直接运用变系数高阶非线性薛定谔方程的精确2-孤子解,来研究在孤子控制下两个飞秒光孤子间的相互作用,讨论了邻近孤子的稳定性.结果表明联合控制群速度色散分布,三阶色散分布和非线性分布能抑制两个飞秒光孤子间的相互作用,而且能避免孤子超前或滞后,在特定的孤子控制系统下,两个飞秒光孤子有良好的稳定性.     

光纤中变系数非线性Schrödinger方程的孤子解及其应用

基于推广的立方非线性Klein-Gordon方程对一般形式的变系数非线性Schr(o)dinger方程进行研究,讨论了无啁啾情形的孤子解,发现了包括亮、暗孤子解和类孤子解在内的一些新的精确解. 同时对基本孤子的色散控制方法进行了简单讨论. 作为特例,常系数非线性Schr(o)dinger方程和两类特殊的变系数非线性Schr(o)dinger方程的结果和已知的形式一致.此外,还研究了一个周期增益或损耗的光纤系统,得到了有意义的结果.     

Structures and Interactions of Soliton in (2+1)-Dimensional Generalized Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equation

A variable separation approach is used to obtain exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation. Two of these exact solutions are analyzed to study the interaction between a line soliton and a y-periodic soliton (i.e. the array of the localized structure in the y direction, which propagates in the x direction) and between two dromions. The interactions between a line soliton and a y-periodic soliton are classified into several types according to the phase shifts due to collision. There are two types of singular interactions. One is the resonant interaction that generates one line soliton while the other is the extremely repulsive or long-range interaction where two solitons interchange each other infinitely apart. Some new phenomena of interaction between two dromions are also reported in this paper, and detailed behaviors of interactions are illustrated both analytically and graphically.     

Solitons and periodic waves for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics and plasma physics. Soliton and one-periodic-wave solutions are obtained via the Hirota bilinear method and Hirota–Riemann method. Magnitude and velocity of the one soliton are derived. Graphs are presented to discuss the solitons and one-periodic waves: the coefficients in the equation can determine the velocity components of the one soliton, but cannot alter the soliton magnitude; the interaction between the two solitons is elastic; the coefficients in the equation can influence the periods and velocities of the periodic waves. Relation between the one-soliton solution and one-periodic wave solution is investigated.     

Exact solutions of stochastic fractional Korteweg de–Vries equation with conformable derivatives

We deal with the Wick-type stochastic fractional Korteweg de–Vries(KdV) equation with conformable derivatives.With the aid of the Exp-function method, white noise theory, and Hermite transform, we produce a novel set of exact soliton and periodic wave solutions to the fractional KdV equation with conformable derivatives. With the help of inverse Hermite transform, we get stochastic soliton and periodic wave solutions of the Wick-type stochastic fractional KdV equation with conformable derivatives. Eventually, by an application example, we show how the stochastic solutions can be given as Brownian motion functional solutions.     

Variable Separation Solution for （1＋1）-Dimensional Nonlinear Models Related to Schroedinger Equation

A variable separation approach is proposed and successfully extended to the (1 1)-dimensional physics models. The new exact solution of (1 1)-dimensional nonlinear models related to Schr6dinger equation by the entrance of three arbitrary functions is obtained. Some special types of soliton wave solutions such as multi-soliton wave solution,non-stable soliton solution, oscillating soliton solution, and periodic soliton solutions are discussed by selecting the arbitrary functions appropriately.     

Various Kinds Waves and Solitons Interaction Solutions of Boussinesq Equation Describing Ultrashort Pulse in Quadratic Nonlinear Medium

The consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method is applied to the (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation which describes the propagation of ultrashort pulse in quadratic nonlinear medium. The interaction solutions are explicitly given, such as the bright soliton-periodic wave interaction solution, variational amplitude periodic wave solution, and kink-periodic wave interaction solution. We also obtain the bright soliton solution, kind bright soliton solution, double well dark soliton solution and kink-bright soliton interaction solution by using Painlevé truncated expansion method. And we investigate interactive properties of solitons and periodic waves.     

An improved Hirota bilinear method and new application for a nonlocal integrable complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation

The Hirota bilinear method has been studied in a lot of local equations, but there are few of works to solve nonlocal equations by Hirota bilinear method. In this letter, we show that the nonlocal integrable complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation admits multiple complex soliton solutions. A variety of exact solutions including the single bright soliton solutions and two bright soliton solutions are derived via constructing an improved Hirota bilinear method for nonlocal complex MKdV equation. From the gauge equivalence, we can see the difference between the solution of nonlocal integrable complex MKdV equation and the solution of local complex MKdV equation.     

Soliton, Positon and Negaton Solutions of Extended KdV Equation

Darboux transformation （DT） provides us with a comprehensive approach to construct the exact and explicit solutions to the negative extended KdV （eKdV） equation, by which some new solutions such as singular soliton, negaton, and positon solutions are computed for the eKdV equation. We rediscover the soliton solution with finiteamplitude in [A.V. Slyunyaev and E.N. Pelinovskii, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 89 （1999） 173] and discuss the difference between this soliton and the singular soliton. We clarify the relationship between the exact solutions of the eKdV equation and the spectral parameter. Moreover, the interactions of singular two solitons, positon and negaton, positon and soliton, and two positons are studied in detail.     

Lump and new interaction solutions to the(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation

In this paper, a new (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is introduced, through the generalized bilinear operators based on prime number p=3. By Maple symbolic calculation, one-, two-lump, and breather-type periodic soliton solutions are obtained, where the condition of positiveness and analyticity of the lump solution are considered. The interaction solutions between the lump and multi-kink soliton, and the interaction between the lump and breather-type periodic soliton are derived, by combining multi-exponential function or trigonometric sine and cosine functions with a quadratic one. In addition, new interaction solutions between a lump, periodic-solitary waves, and one-, two- or even three-kink solitons are constructed by using the ansatz technique. Finally, the characteristics of these various solutions are exhibited and illustrated graphically.     

Exact Solutions to Extended Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Monomode Optical Fiber

By using the generally projective Riccati equation method, more new exact travelling wave solutions to extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which describes the femtosecond pulse propagation in monomode optical fiber, are found, which include bright soliton solution, dark soliton solution, new solitary waves, periodic solutions, and rational solutions. The finding of abundant solution structures for extended NLSE helps to study the movement rule of femtosecond pulse propagation in monomode optical fiber.     

Periodic Semifolded Solitary Waves for （2＋1）-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Broer-Kaup System

Applying the extended mapping method via Riccati equation, many exact variable separation solutions for the （2＆1 ）-dimensional variable coefficient Broer-Kaup equation are obtained. Introducing multiple valued function and Jacobi elliptic function in the seed solution, special types of periodic semifolded solitary waves are derived. In the long wave limit these periodic semifolded solitary wave excitations may degenerate into single semifolded localized soliton structures. The interactions of the periodic semifolded solitary waves and their degenerated single semifolded soliton structures are investigated graphically and found to be completely elastic.