铑配合物催化丁烯氢甲酰化性能的研究

制备了一系列铑配合物,并对其催化丁烯氢甲酰化的催化性能进行了研究.在1-丁烯的反应中,RhCl(PPh3)3和trans-RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2的反应速度很慢,而RhH(CO)(PPh3)3、Rh(CO)2(acac)和 Rh(CO)(acac)(PPh3)三者反应速度都很快.而不同丁烯原料氢甲酰化的反应速度也各不相同,反应速度依次为1-丁烯》2-丁烯》异丁烯.     

有机-无机杂化L-Rh/SiO2氢甲酰化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.L-Rh/SiO2的催化性能及表征

 以具有不同电子结构的有机膦直接修饰Rh/SiO2制备了有机-无机杂化L-Rh/SiO2催化剂,并考察了催化剂对1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, P(OPh)3-Rh/SiO2催化剂上1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的TOF可高达4111 h-1,而PCy3-Rh/SiO2催化剂上生成醛的选择性为100%. 不同催化剂活性的顺序为P(OPh)3-Rh/SiO2＞PPh3-Rh/SiO2＞PCy3-Rh/SiO2,其选择性的顺序则与之相反. TG表征结果表明,有机膦与Rh之间相互作用强度的顺序为PCy3-Rh/SiO2＞PPh3-Rh/SiO2＞P(OPh)3-Rh/SiO2. 因此,有机膦给电子的能力越强,则与Rh之间相互作用的能力越强,催化剂体系越稳定,1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的活性越低,而庚醛的选择性越高.     

有机-无机杂化L-Rh/SiO2氢甲酰化催化剂的研究Ⅰ.PPh3-Rh/SiO2的催化性能及表征

 利用有机-无机杂化的概念,以三苯基膦直接修饰Rh/SiO2制备了PPh3-Rh/SiO2多相催化剂. 在浆态床烯烃氢甲酰化反应中,该催化剂在10 MPa,373 K温和条件下的活性和选择性远高于Rh/SiO2的活性和选择性,与相应的均相催化剂HRhCO(PPh3)3的性能相当,且具有易分离的优点. 31P MAS NMR和XPS技术表征结果表明,催化剂中的配体PPh3与高度分散的Rh之间存在配位作用,形成了兼具多相和均相催化性能的有机-无机杂化催化剂. 该催化剂对不同碳数烯烃的氢甲酰化反应都具有较好的催化性能.     

铑-三苯基膦配合物功能化的聚合物@介孔氧化硅复合材料在1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应中的应用(英文)

通过在介孔氧化硅材料中原位聚合的方法制备了三苯基膦功能化的有机聚合物@介孔氧化硅复合材料PPh3polymer@FDU-12.采用X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附、透射电镜和热重等手段对其结构和组成进行了表征.该复合材料与金属前驱体Rh(acac)(CO)2配位后得到的固体催化剂,在长链烯烃1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应中,醛选择性可达92%–96%,并表现出高于聚合物的活性(99%转化率).这主要归因于介孔氧化硅材料的高比表面积和有序的孔结构更有利于反应物和催化活性中心的接触.研究发现,调变复合材料中聚合物的含量或使用不同孔道结构的氧化硅载体(SBA-15,MCM-41和FDU-12)都会影响固体催化剂的反应活性和选择性.该方法得到的多相催化剂具有较好的循环使用性能,在循环使用15次后仍能保持较好的反应活性,但醛选择性有所降低.     

Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysis on Phosphinated MCM-41

Homogeneous catalysis Rh(PPh3)3Cl immobilized on MCM-41 modified with (OEt)3Si(CH2)3PPh2 results in a stable hydrogenation catalyst with turn over frequency (TOF) three times higher than that of Rh(PPh3)3C1 in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. Leaching of the catalyst is only a minor factor with leaching rate 0.04 % for each cycle. However, immobilization of Rh(PPh3)2(CO)C1 on similar support can only have catalytic hydroformylation properties for the first few cycles. Decay of the catalyst is due to largh leaching rate with totally 22.4 % of Rh leached for the first three cycles.     

Rh／L和Rh－Zn／L分子筛催化剂上乙烯的氢甲酰化反应

Ｒｈ／Ｌ和Ｒｈ－Ｚｎ／Ｌ分子筛催化剂上乙烯的氢甲酰化反应董永治，徐奕德，刘安明，李大明，黄林（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所催化基础国家重点实验室，大连１１６０２３）关键词Ｒｈ／Ｌ分子筛催化剂，Ｒｈ－Ｚｎ／Ｌ分子筛催化剂，氢甲酰化反应，乙烯近年来，氢甲...     

羰基铑簇合物衍生的多相烯烃氢甲酰化催化剂的性能及红外表征

在常压下,Rh_4(CO)_(12)或Rh_6(CO)_(16)簇合物衍生的Rh/SiO_2对乙烯,丙烯氯甲酰化反应表现出良好的催化活性和选择性,并有利于直线醛的形成.乙烯氢甲酰化体系的表面催化比活性与Rh分散性的关系表明.乙烯氢甲酰化反应具有结构敏感性,而乙烯加氢反应具有结构非敏感性,高分散的金属表面有利于主反应的选择性.通过红外光谱跟踪,发现表面Rh在反应气氛中显示零价.根据接触时间对催化反应的影响,推测多相烯烃氢甲酰化及加氢反应都在Ph~0活性中心上进行.另外,担载羰基铑簇合物的热分解红外研究结果指出,表面羰基化合物金属中心上的配位不饱和性对氢甲酰化催化活性似乎起着重要影响,簇合物只有完全脱羰才能提供高活性的催化中心.在反应气氛和CO气氛中,担载Rh_6(CO)_(16)表现出一致的热稳定性,说明反应气中的CO对稳定羰基物起着主导作用.     

二羰基水杨醛肟铑配合物催化的苯乙烯常压氢甲酰化反应

用Rh~2(CO)~4Cl~2与水杨醛肟的钠盐反应合成了二羰基水杨醛肟铑配合物Rh(sox)(CO~2)(1)。在常压下研究了该配合物与膦或亚磷酸酯组成的体系对苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能, 此体系对烯烃没有催化加氢作用, 产物醛的化学选择性均为100%。考察了膦的结构与用量对催化活性和选择性的影响, 双膦作配体时活性和选择性都高于单膦, 其中Rh(sox)(CO)~2-Ph~2P(CH~2)~3PPh~2体系的最高初活性(TON)可达1.60min^-^1, 2-苯基丙醛的选择性在90%以上。对反应的活性物种作了初步讨论。     

Synthesis of new o-alkyl substituted arylalkylphosphanes: study of their molecular structure and influence on rhodium-catalyzed propene and 1-hexene hydroformylation

A set of new phosphane ligands designed to increase the branched-to-normal ratio of the hydroformylation reaction were prepared in the same way as the previously reported ortho-alkyl substituted arylphosphanes, which have shown increased i/n ratios in the hydroformylation of propene and 1-hexene. In order to determine the relationship between the catalytic behavior and stereoelectronic properties of the ligands, various functional alkyl groups (methyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl) were placed on the phosphorus atom directly and in the ortho position of the phenyl ring connected to phosphorus. In the hydroformylation reaction of propene and 1-hexene a higher i/n ratio resulted with nearly all the ligands compared with that of triphenylphosphane. Additionally as the ortho-alkyl-substituent became larger, it had a favorable effect on the i-selectivity. Characterization of the ligands was carried out by NMR spectroscopy (mainly ¹H, ³¹P{¹H}, ¹³C{¹H}, HSQC/HETCOR and COSY-90). Properties of the ligands were also studied by quantum mechanical calculations and by synthesizing three Rh(acac)(CO)(PR₃) derivatives. The o-alkyl-substituent was orientated outside the ligands’ cone angle in the X-ray crystal structures of (2-cyclohexylphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphane and (2,5-dimethylphenyl)bis(4-pyridyl)phosphane, and Rh(acac)(CO)(PR₃) complex of (2-methylphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphane.     

MCM-41负载钨磷杂多酸催化剂的性能研究

制备并表征MCM-41负载H~3PW~1~2O~4~0(PW)催化剂.PW杂多酸在MCM-41上负载量高达70%(质量分数)时,XRD中仍未检测到其晶相峰.PW杂多酸与MCM-41载体的相互作用要比与SiO~2载体的强.PW杂多酸中的质子位是非常强的酸中心,它们对NH~3的微分吸附热在160-180kJ/mol的范围.与PW杂多酸相比,PW/MCM-41催化剂的酸中心强度变弱并且分布不均匀,其酸量和酸中心分布可以通过改变PW杂多酸的负载量来调节.PW/MCM-41是一类适合于中强酸和弱酸催化反应的新型固体酸催化剂。     

The electron-poor phosphines P{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}3 and P(C6F5)3 do not mimic phosphites as ligands for hydroformylation. A comparison of the coordination chemistry of P{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}3 and P(C6F5)3 and the unexpectedly low hydroformylation activity of their rhodium complexes

The fluoroaryl phosphines P{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}3 (La) and P(C6F5)3 (Lb) form the complexes trans-[MCl2(La)2] and trans-[MCl2(Lb)2](M = Pd or Pt) which have been isolated and fully characterised. 31P NMR studies of competition experiments show that the stability of trans-[PdCl2L2] is in the order L = Lb< La 相似文献   

钛氧纳米管固载Rh催化剂催化氰基烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能

为了调控含碱性基团功能烯烃的催化氢甲酰化反应,设计合成了不同表面酸性的钛氧纳米管和Zr-掺杂钛氧纳米管负载Rh催化剂（Rh/TNTs,Rh/Zr-TNTs）。用XRD、XPS、FT-IR、TEM和低温N2吸脱附等对所合成的催化剂进行了结构及组成表征。催化剂没有显现出与Rh和Zr相关的XRD衍射峰,Rh在纳米管中高度分散;Zr-掺杂钛氧纳米管的比表面积比纯钛氧纳米管的要高,催化剂的比表面积随着载Rh量的增加而减小,其中Rh0百分率也会降低,催化剂中Rh能对CO进行化学吸附。所合成的催化剂能有效地催化氰基烯烃氢甲酰化,催化活性随载Rh量而变化,最佳值为0.13 w;提高催化温度虽能增加2-甲基-3-丁烯腈的转化率,但也有利于它的异构化;Rh/Zr-TNTs表面更强的B酸性有利于催化反应生成直链产物醛,负载催化剂能表现出良好的协同作用。     

Immobilization of cerium (IV) and erbium (III) in mesoporous MCM‐41: Two novel and highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles,and chemo‐ and homoselective oxidation of sulfides

Two well‐ordered 2D ‐ hexagonal cerium (IV) and erbium (III) embedded functionalized mesoporous MCM ‐ 41(MCM‐41@Serine/Ce and MCM ‐ 41@Serine/Er) have been developed via functionalization of mesoporous MCM ‐ 41. The surface modification method has been used in the preparation of serine‐grafted MCM ‐ 41 and led to the development of MCM‐41@Serine. The reaction of MCM‐41@Serine with Ce (NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆·2H₂O or ErCl₃·6H₂O in ethanol under reflux led to the organization of MCM‐41@Serine/Ce and MCM‐41@Serine/Er catalysts. The structures of these catalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, mapping, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. These MCM‐41@Serine/Ce and MCM‐41@Serine/Er catalysts show outstanding catalytic performance in sulfides oxidation and synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles. These catalysts can be recycled for seven repeated reaction runs without showing a considerable decrease in catalytic performance.     

Syndiotactic polypropene with MCM‐41 supported metallocene [Me2C(Cp)(Flu)]ZrCl2

Mesoporous aluminosilicates – type MCM‐41 – were used as carriers for syndiospecific propene polymerisation using [Me₂C(Cp)(Flu)]ZrCl₂/MAO as catalyst. Alumina‐free mesoporous MCM‐41 reveals a far greater polymerisation activity than the analogous carrier containing alumina. The use of MCM‐41 as carrier material at low propene concentration and high polymerisation temperature produces syndiotactic polypropene (sPP) with higher syndiotacticity and higher melting points than achieved when using a homogenous system or a supported system based on spherical SiO₂.     

高稳定性无膦配体乙烯氢甲酰化催化体系研究

高活性、高稳定性的无膦配体多相氢甲酰化催化体系研究是催化化学领域的重要课题。本文以乙烯氢甲酰化这一反应为目标,发展出含有不同含氧官能团的活性炭为载体的负载纳米铑催化材料。其中,当以Rh/C-3这一材料为催化剂时,乙烯氢甲酰化反应的转化频率可以达到57889 mol/mol/h。该催化剂可以在固定床反应器上稳定运行2500小时保持活性稳定。表征发现,碳材料表面的内酯基团 (-CO2-)对催化材料的活性和稳定性具有重要的作用。这一研究对高活性、高稳定性的非膦配体多相氢甲酰化催化体系研究具有一定的启示。     

Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene on Ni,Mo-supported MCM-41 Catalysts

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｎｏｖｅｌｅｘｔｒａｌａｒｇｅｍｅｓｏｐｏｒｏｕｓＭＣＭ－４１ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｓｉｅｖｅｓ［１，２］ｆｉｌｓｔｈｅｇａｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｍｉｃｒｏｐｏｒｏｕｓａｎｄｍａｃｒｏｐｏｒｏｕｓ...     

编织芳基网络聚合物负载Rh催化剂上高碳烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能

考察了编织芳基网络聚合物（KAPs）负载的Rh催化剂（Rh/KAPs）在高碳烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,三苯基膦-苯基底KAPs负载Rh催化剂（Rh/KAPs-1）具有优异的高碳烯烃氢甲酰化反应活性,产物醛收率显著高于Rh/SiO₂催化剂. 傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重、氮气吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、¹³C核磁共振和³¹P核磁共振结果显示,Rh/KAPs-1催化剂具有优异的热稳定性及大的比表面积和多级孔道结构,Rh颗粒处于高度分散状态,并可在反应过程中形成均相催化活性物种.     

碳纳米管负载铑催化剂上丙烯氢甲酰化

Effect of carbon nanotubes, as a novel support material, on the performance of Rh-catalyst supported by them was studied. Catalysts based on carbon nanotubes, SiO2, carbon molecular sieves, active carbon, and GDX-l02(a copolymer of styrene with divinylbenzene),were prepared, and their catalytic behaviors for propene hydroformylation were investigated and compared. The results showed that, over the carbon nanotubes-supported Rh-catalyst, C3H6 conversion and regioselectivity of butyric aldehyde (represented by n/i, a ratio of n-butyric aldehyde to its isomer, i-butyric aldehyde, in the products) were pronouncedly improved: the average turnover frequency(TOF) for the catalytic hydroformylation of propene was 0.079 s-1 at 393K, which was 2.1 times faster than that over the Rh catalyst based on SiO2, and the n/i ratio of the aldehyde products reached to 11.6, which was 1.9 times higher than that over the catalyst based on SiO2. The roles of six-membered C-ring at the surface of the carbon-nanotubes on the stability of the catalytically active Rh-complexes and of the tubular nano-channel on the spatiospecific seletivity of reaction intermediate state and butyric aldehyde produced were discussed.     

铑-膦配位催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究

本文研究了由Rh2(CO)4CI2分别与两种膦配体4－下丁苯基二苯基膦（1）和4－正辛苯基二苯基磷（2）形成的原位催化剂体系对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化性能。对影响反应的各种因素,如P／Rh物质的量比、反应温度、反应压力,不同烯烃等的影响作了探讨。结果表明,配体1、2与Rh2(CO4)CI2形成的原位催化剂体系的催化活性与选择性均高于结构相似的PPh3,在相同的条件下,不同烯烃的氢甲酰化反应活性依直链烯烃＞苯乙烯＞直链内烯＞环己烯的顺序递增。     

Xantphite: A New Family of Ligands for Catalysis. Applications in the Hydroformylation of Alkenes

The novel bulky diphosphite (P∩P) ligands ( 3 and 4 ) based on the 2,7,9,9‐tetramethyl‐9H‐xanthene‐4,5‐diol ( 2 ) backbone were investigated in the Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of oct‐1‐ene, styrene, and (E)‐oct‐2‐ene. These diphosphites gave rise to very active and selective catalysts for the hydroformylation of oct‐1‐ene to nonanal with average rates>10000 (mol aldehyde)(mol Rh)⁻¹h⁻¹ (P(CO/H₂)=20 bar, T=80°, [Rh]=1 mM ) and maximum selectivities of 79% for the linear product. Relatively high selectivities towards the linear aldehyde (up to 70%, linear/branched up to 2.3) but very high activities (up to 39000 (mol aldehyde)(mol Rh)⁻¹h⁻¹) were observed for the hydroformylation of styrene in the presence of these bidentate ligands (P(CO/H₂)=2 – 10 bar, T=120°, [Rh]=0.2 mM ). Remarkable activities (up to 980 (mol aldehyde)(mol Rh)⁻¹h⁻¹) were achieved with these diphosphites for the hydroformylation of (E)‐oct‐2‐ene with selectivities for the linear product of 74% (l/b up to 2.8, P(CO/H₂)=2 bar, T=120°, [Rh]=1 mM ). A detailed study of the solution structure of the catalyst under catalytic conditions was performed by NMR and high‐pressure FT‐IR. The spectroscopic data revealed that under hydroformylation conditions, the bidentate ligands rapidly formed stable, well‐defined catalysts with the structure [RhH(CO)₂(P∩P)]. All the ligands showed a preference for an equatorial‐apical ( ea ) coordination mode in the trigonal bipyramidal Rh‐complexes, indicating that a bis‐equatorial ( ee ) coordination is not a prerequisite for highly selective catalysts.