光纤布拉格光栅传感器应变传递双向耦合分析

粘贴于受弯基体表面的光纤布拉格光栅传感器测量应变与基体真实应变之间存在误差,因此研究光纤布拉格光栅传感器的变形机理、分析测量应变与真实应变之间的关系是目前的研究热点.首先研究光纤布拉格光栅传感器与基体之间的相互作用机理,然后,利用有限元解、实验值和理论解进行对比验证,并分析产生误差的原因.最后,通过参数分析研究弹性模量、厚度、粘结长度等参数对光纤布拉格光栅传感器测量效果的影响.结果表明有限元解、实验值和理论解具有相同的变化趋势,有限元解与理论解的误差在2%以内,测量值与理论解的误差在7%以内.平均应变传递率随着基体弹性模量的增大、粘结长度的增长而逐渐增大,随粘结层弹性模量的减小、粘结层厚度的增大而逐渐减小.该理论对应用于受弯基体应变测量的光纤布拉格光栅传感器的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

3D打印封装光纤光栅传感器应变传递机理研究

采用3D打印方法开发光纤光栅应变传感器,建立裸光纤光栅传感器、3D打印封装层、被测基体三者之间的应变耦合传递的分离式模型,推导光纤光栅传感器与被测基体的应变传递关系,分析夹持式3D打印光纤光栅应变传感器应变传递率的影响因素,包括封装层弹性模量、封装层厚度、黏结长度。研究结果表明平均应变传递率与封装层弹性模量和黏结长度呈正相关,与封装层厚度呈负相关。研究成果对夹持式光纤光栅应变测量、误差修正和传感器设计,以及3D打印技术封装光纤布拉格光栅的可行性具有参考意义。     

光纤布拉格光栅传感器应变传递耦合机理分析

建立了半平面体与光纤布拉格光栅传感器双向耦合的应变传递理论,得到表面粘贴式光纤布拉格光栅传感器测量应变与半平面体应变之间的关系.将理论解、有限元解和实验数据进行对比以验证该理论的正确性,并分析了应变传递率与半平面体弹性模量、半粘结长度的关系.结果表明:理论解与实验值非常接近,误差在4%以内,应变传递率随着半平面体弹性模量的增大、半粘结长度的增长而逐渐增大,对光纤布拉格光栅传感器的设计和应用具有一定的参考价值.     

光纤布喇格光栅器件应力疲劳评价理论研究

光纤布喇格光栅器件应力疲劳特性严重影响着光纤光栅应变传感器的长期可靠性,为了评估光纤光栅器件的应力疲劳特性,分析了光纤光栅应变传感器的封装结构对疲劳评价的影响,并以表面直接粘接的简化模型评估了光纤光栅器件的应力疲劳特性.从简化模型的基本力学与光学特性出发,提出以光谱特性的边模抑制比和带宽作为评价光纤光栅器件疲劳的指标体系,以传感特性的灵敏度、线性度和应变传递效率作为评价粘接层疲劳的指标体系.设计了基于等强度梁的光纤光栅器件加速疲劳实验,疲劳的应力幅度为500微应变,频率为18赫兹;1000万次疲劳实验后,三支光纤光栅的带宽平均增加2.07%,平均应变传递效率和平均灵敏度分别下降4.5%和3.9%,实验结果说明提出的指标体系能有效地区分粘接层和光纤光栅的疲劳,从而验证了该评价理论的可行性.     

光纤光栅应变传感器光-力转换的理论方程

光纤光栅(FBG)应变传感器的光-力转换方程,为其标准化设计、参数标定及精度分析的理论依据.基于Ansari光纤传感器的应变传递分析模型及弹性力学的基本理论,建立了统一的埋入式光纤光栅应变传感器光-力转换的基本理论方程.方程的建立反映了传感器复合体内部及其与观测环境之间的力学耦合机制,考虑了应变传递分析模型的各边界条件、变形协调条件,以及传感器的所有几何尺寸.对传感器实例的实验研究表明,这一理论方程基本可靠,可成为光纤光栅应变传感器优化设计和性能分析的实用化理论工具.     

非轴向力下埋入式光纤传感器应变传递分析

利用剪滞法建立了当光纤光栅传感器的轴线和基体主应力的方向成一定角度时,光纤光栅传感器的测量应变与基体结构实际应变之间的关系,进而得出了光纤光栅传感器的平均应变传递率的一般公式。采用裸光纤光栅传感器进行实验,在倾斜角度α为30.72°时,实验所得的波长变化之比分别为:0.727,0.738,0.746;理论计算所得的波长变化之比为0.739,相对误差都在2%以内。同时分析了埋设角度偏差对测量结果的影响。研究结果表明,非轴向力作用下光纤光栅传感器的应变与结构基体应变之间的传递关系与其在轴向力作用下存在明显的区别,埋设角度的偏差会给测量结果造成一定的误差。     

光纤布喇格光栅中心波长反向漂移的实验研究

以较大载荷轴向拉伸光纤布喇格光栅时,由于裸纤与涂覆层的弹性模量不同,会产生中心波长反向漂移现象,严重影响了传感器的准确度与测量范围.实验研究表明,在光纤固定端适当剥除一段涂覆层,然后将裸露部分与带涂覆层部分同时固定,可将光纤布喇格光栅的中心波长反方向漂移量控制在10－3 nm以内,同时可增大光纤布喇格光栅的有效调谐范围,并使其能够保持较好的线性度,实验结果与理论计算结果相符合.     

简化的光纤光栅应变传感器光-力转换的时变方程

基于光纤光栅应变传感的基本原理以及粘弹性力学的基本理论,建立了一种简化的光纤光栅应变传感器光-力转换的时变方程。方程的建立忽略封装基体和纤芯的粘弹性力学行为,同时综合考虑观测环境-封装基体-粘结层(或涂层)-光纤纤芯之间的弹性和粘弹性力学耦合机制。所建立的方程既包含了传感器的所有几何特征参数和力学特征参数,又可大为简化光-力转换的时变分析过程,从而为光纤光栅应变传感应用于大型工程结构健康监测的长期性能评估(包括参数标定、信号校正、精度分析及误差估算)提供较为可靠、实用、简便的理论分析工具。     

等截面悬臂梁FBG传感器应变传递规律研究

以等截面悬臂梁为研究对象,分析了表面式封装工艺对光纤光栅传感器的应变传递特性的影响,推导了光纤光栅传感器所测应变与实际基体应变之间的关系,得到了应变传递率与平均应变传递率表达式。对影响平均应变传递率的参量进行了详细的仿真分析,结果表明为使光纤光栅能够真实地反映基体的形变,应选用剪切模量较大的物质作为中间层,减小中间层的厚度,增加中间层的长度和宽度,以提高平均应变传递率,减小测量误差。中间层厚度是影响封装结果一致性和重复性的最主要因素,而增大中间层长度和宽度,能有效地提高传感器封装结果的一致性和重复性。     

光纤光栅自动化金属粘接性能

用超级电镀技术将光纤光栅应变传感元件自动粘接在金属基体上,力学模型分析表明该方法可以有效提升应变传递效率.为了检测该方法的可行性,从光纤光栅自动化粘接的主要工艺环节出发,以光纤光栅的光谱特性为研究对象,以材料力学试验为手段,对自动化金属粘接后的3个光纤光栅进行了光学特性分析和力学特性试验.结果表明:自动化金属粘接光纤光栅的成活率为100%,光纤光栅粘接后的应变测量灵敏度保持在1.2 pm/με,应变传递效率在0.98以上,线性度达0.99,光纤光栅在加卸中的一致性偏差仅为10~(-6)、漂移仅为0.05,优于传统手工粘接.     

Investigation of a coated optical fiber strain sensor embedded in a linear strain matrix material

A theoretical model has been developed to study the mechanical behaviors of the interface between an embedded optical fiber with coating material and a linear strain matrix. The results show that the longitudinal stress and strain in the fiber optic sensor are different from that distributed in the host material and depend on the strain distribution and embedded length of the optical fiber as well as the material properties of the fiber coating. The distribution of interfacial shear strain between the coating and the glass fiber and the distribution of strain/stress of the glass fiber are given.     

Investigation of cladding and coating stripping methods for specialty optical fibers

Fiber optic sensing technology is used extensively in several engineering fields, including smart structures, health and usage monitoring, non-destructive testing, minimum invasive sensing, safety monitoring, and other advanced measurement fields. A general optical fiber consists of a core, cladding, and coating layers. Many sensing principles require that the cladding or coating layer should be removed or modified. In addition, since different sensing systems are needed for different types of optical fibers, it is very important to find and sort out the suitable cladding or coating removal method for a particular fiber. This study focuses on finding the cladding and coating stripping methods for four recent specialty optical fibers, namely: hard polymer-clad fiber, graded-index plastic optical fiber, copper/carbon-coated optical fiber, and aluminum-coated optical fiber. Several methods, including novel laser stripping and conventional chemical and mechanical stripping, were tried to determine the most suitable and efficient technique. Microscopic investigation of the fiber surfaces was used to visually evaluate the mechanical reliability. Optical time domain reflectometric signals of the successful removal cases were investigated to further examine the optical reliability. Based on our results, we describe and summarize the successful and unsuccessful methods.     

Experiment investigation on effects of elastic modulus on cavitation erosion of silicone rubber

Research into cavitation phenomena in various fields shows that the elastic modulus of a boundary has a potential impact on cavitation erosion. To obtain the direct relationship between the elastic modulus of the boundary and cavitiation erosion, single-layer samples with different chemical composition and moduli, and double-layer samples with different elastic moduli and the same surface layer material, were prepared with silicone rubber. The results of cavitation experiments on single-layer samples, show that the coating chemical composition and mechanical properties together affect the cavitation morphology of the coating, and dominant factors vary with erosion stage. Through the cavitation test of double-layer samples, it was found that there is a positive correlation between the elastic modulus of the coating and the degree of cavitation. This study helps us to understand the relationship between coating elastic modulus and cavitation more directly, and provides theoretical and technical guidance for the application of anti-cavitation for elastic coating in engineering.     

增益竞争双波长放大单频光纤放大器理论研究

引入增益竞争是抑制单频光纤放大器中受激布里渊散射(SBS)的有效方式. 在单频光纤放大器的基础上, 推导了描述增益竞争双波长放大单频掺镱双包层光纤放大器的稳态速率方程组, 建立了增益竞争双波长放大单频光纤放大器的理论模型; 利用建立的理论模型模拟分析了信号光波长间隔、 信号光种子功率比、 抽运方式和增益光纤长度等因素对放大器的单频激光输出 效率以及SBS抑制效果的影响.     

抗弯光纤的理论研究与制造

针对军事上光纤制导等方面的技术要求,从光纤波导的芯层相对折射率差、芯直径、下凹包层等结构参数方面研究了光纤抗弯曲性能,并且研究了光纤内涂层对光纤弯曲性能的影响。通过对光纤弯曲特性的深入研究后,采用PCVD工艺制造了专利技术的抗弯光纤,并测试了相关参数。     

光子晶体光纤包层可见光及红外宽带色散波产生

对光子晶体光纤包层3个空气孔之间节区的传光特性进行了分析, 对比了纤芯与包层节区传光的模场面积、非线性系数及色散特性, 得到光子晶体光纤包层节区具有小芯、高非线性的特点.在包层空气孔较大的情况下, 得到了双零色散曲线.根据色散曲线, 分析了色散波产生的相位匹配特性, 得到了色散波中心波长随抽运波长及功率的变化规律.制备出了所设计的光子晶体光纤, 实验得到了在可见光及红外大于300 nm的宽带色散波, 并给出了色散波随抽运波长及功率的变化规律.实验和理论分析结果一致, 为波长变换及超连续宽带光源的研究奠定了基础. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 色散波 相位匹配 非线性     

A study of TiB2/TiB gradient coating by laser cladding on titanium alloy

TiB₂/TiB gradient coating has been fabricated by a laser cladding technique on the surface of a Ti–6Al–4V substrate using TiB₂ powder as the cladding material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the gradient coating were analyzed by SEM, EPMA, XRD, TEM and an instrument to measure hardness. With the increasing distance from the coating surface, the content of TiB₂ particles gradually decreased, but the content of TiB short fibers gradually increased. Meanwhile, the micro-hardness and the elastic modulus of the TiB₂/TiB coating showed a gradient decreasing trend, but the fracture toughness showed a gradient increasing trend. The fracture toughness of the TiB₂/TiB coating between the center and the bottom was improved, primarily due to the debonding of TiB₂ particles and the high fracture of TiB short fibers, and the fracture position of TiB short fiber can be moved to an adjacent position. However, the debonding of TiB₂ particles was difficult to achieve at the surface of the TiB₂/TiB coating.     

Analysis on strain transfer of a pasted FBG strain sensor

Optical fiber is not in direct contact with the material host in practice, so the strain measured by the Fiber-optic Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is not the true strain. The transfer mechanism between the measured strain and the true strain depends on mechanical properties of fiber, protective layer, substrate, adhesive layer, and the material host. This paper analyzes the transfer mechanism of strain in detail, and proposes the shear stress distribution of polynomial form, and establishes the transfer function of strain. This paper also analyzes the influence on length of FBG sensor, adhesive layer thickness and elastic modulus on strain transfer coefficient in detail. The theoretical guidance for the practical application of the FBG sensor is given through the strain transfer analysis.     

光纤涂敷层对光纤裂缝传感器分布式监测能力的影响

基于混凝土模型试验,对涂敷层的传感光纤的裂缝复用能力进行了定量分析,得到了传感光纤和工程结构裂缝夹角在30°,45°,60°时的复用能力与裂缝宽度的关系曲线。对由软性材料构成的光纤涂敷层来说,光纤的复用能力随涂敷层厚度的增加而增大,在与裂缝夹角成45°时,二次涂敷粗光纤的复用能力约为细光纤的5倍,表明光纤敷层对光纤裂缝监测的复用能力具有较大影响。对这种影响的机理进行了理论分析和试验研究,发现当混凝土开裂时,光纤沿混凝土界面的滑移是光纤涂敷层影响光纤裂缝复用能力的主要原因,在光纤与裂缝夹角成45°时,这一影响占60%以上。