磺化聚醚砜/薄水铝石复合质子交换膜的性能

为了提高膜的阻醇性能和高温下的质子传导性, 在磺化聚醚砜(SPES)中掺杂一种吸湿性的无机物AlOOH, 制备了一种新型的SPES/AlOOH复合质子交换膜. 并经傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、热失重(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明: 复合膜较纯SPES膜具有更高的热稳定性和吸水率; SEM图片显示AlOOH在膜中分布均匀. 复合膜在高温下具有良好的质子传导性, 掺杂量为10%(w)的复合膜在120 °C下的质子传导率仍可保持在0.014 S·cm^-1左右; 随着AlOOH含量的增加, 复合膜的阻醇性能大大提高, 这表明该复合膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

SPES/SiO_2杂化纳米纤维复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

提出了一种利用杂化纳米纤维来制备高性能质子交换膜的方法,首先采用溶液喷射纺丝技术纺制了SPES/Si O2杂化纳米纤维,再通过溶液浸渍法制备了SPES/Si O2/Nafion复合质子交换膜,并研究了其热稳定性、吸水性能、溶胀性能、质子传导性能以及甲醇渗透性能等.结果表明,杂化纳米纤维的引入明显改善了Nafion膜的热性能、尺寸稳定性,并大大提高了其质子传导性能.TG数据表明复合膜的热稳定性相比于Nafion膜得到了极大改善.复合膜溶胀率均比Nafion膜的小,SPES/Si O2/Nafion-5,SPES/Si O2/Nafion-15和SPES/Si O2/Nafion-25在80℃溶胀率仅为14.9%,15.84%和17.2%,但是复合膜的溶胀率随着Si O2含量的增加而增大.复合膜电导率随Si O2含量的增加呈先增大后减小的规律,Si O2含量为15%的复合膜在80℃、100%湿度条件下,质子导电率可达到0.154 S/cm.其阻醇性能也得到了极大改善,Si O2含量为25%的复合膜相比于Nafion膜其甲醇渗透率降低了55.3%.因此SPES/Si O2杂化纳米纤维复合质子交换膜可以作为一种新型质子交换膜应用于燃料电池中.     

磺化聚醚砜/磷酸硼复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

采用sol-gel法成功制备了一系列有望用于高温质子交换膜燃料电池的新型磺化聚醚砜(SPES)/磷酸硼(BPO4)复合膜, 并经热重分析(TGA)-傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)联用技术、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 复合膜较纯SPES膜具有更高的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度, 较低的溶胀性及较高的氧化稳定性; SEM图片显示BPO4在聚合物基体中的分布十分均匀, 这将有利于连续质子传输通道的形成; 复合膜的质子传导率随BPO4含量的增加而增加, 当温度超过120 ℃后, 复合膜仍保持着较高的质子传导率, 这表明该复合膜在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

磷钨酸/磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮复合质子交换膜的制备及其性能

制备了基于磷钨酸(PWA)与磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮(SPPEK)的无机-有机复合质子交换膜, 红外光谱测试结果表明, 复合膜中PWA通过端氧和桥氧共同与SPPEK发生作用; 由SEM照片看出, 对磺化度为58%的SPPEK, PWA掺杂量为20%和40%时杂多酸的分散良好, 掺杂量为60%时膜内出现颗粒聚集; PWA在水中的溶出性测试发现, 用水处理4天, 各复合膜中PWA的溶出率均低于10%; PWA/SPPEK膜具有良好的质子导电性, PWA掺杂量高于40%、磺化度为58%的SPPEK为基质的复合膜在100 ℃以上的电导率接近甚至超过Nafion115膜的电导率, 复合膜的电导率和水含量均随PWA掺杂量的增加而增加; 随着PWA掺杂量的增加复合膜的阻醇性能下降, 但除PWA掺杂量60%、SPPEK磺化度58%的复合膜外, 所制备的多种复合膜的甲醇透过系数均低于Nafion115膜.     

磺化聚醚醚酮/二氧化硅/磷钨酸导电复合膜的制备

1引言 直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)被认为是最适合发展可移动电源的选择之一,目前困扰DMFC发展的主要问题之一是所使用的质子交换膜(主要是杜邦公司的Nafion膜)的阻醇性能较低.磺化聚醚醚酮膜(SPEEK)[1]特有的微观结构使其阻醇性能明显的优于Nafion膜,而较低的质子传导率、较差的机械性能以及溶胀等缺点限制了它的应用;本文通过在其中加入二氧化硅(SiO2)[2]和磷钨酸(PWA)[3]制备磺化聚醚醚酮/二氧化硅/磷钨酸导电复合膜,并考察了二氧化硅及磷钨酸对复合膜溶胀性能、质子传导率及机械性能的影响.     

磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺复合质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

利用溶液浇铸法制备了一系列双磺化型磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺(SPAES/SPI)复合质子交换膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示复合膜不存在明显的相分离,表明二者具有很好的相容性.由于SPI的引入,复合膜在甲醇中稳定性较纯SPAES具有大幅的提高,比Nafion112低得多的甲醇吸收率表明了这些复合膜具有比后者更低的甲醇透过率.复合膜显示了与单组分膜相类似的高温分解稳定性,磺酸基团的分解温度达到了290℃以上.复合膜显示出远高于纯SPAES膜的尺寸稳定性能,在130℃高温中200h处理后,所有的复合膜均保持了高的机械性能,而此时纯SPAES膜已经溶解于水中.而且由于两种磺化聚合物间的复合,复合膜维持了较高的IEC水平,显示了较高的质子导电率,在80%相对湿度时的质子导电率与Nafion112相近,而在水中的质子导电率均高于Nafion112.     

质子交换膜燃料电池Nafion/PTFE复合膜的研究

在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)多孔膜内浸入Nafion树脂,制成Nafion/PTFE复合膜用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC).该复合膜的Nafion含量在50%左右,在干态和湿态时的拉伸强度及水化/脱水过程中,其尺寸稳定性比Nafion均有所提高.在80 ℃,H2/O2压力为0.2/0.2 MPa条件下,用25 μm厚复合膜组装的电池性能优于Nafion117膜组装电池的性能.测量了复合膜的O2渗透率和含水量并与Nafion膜的性能作了比较.     

DMFCs用磺化聚醚醚酮/功能化二氧化硅复合质子交换膜

在磺化度(DS)为55.1%的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)中掺杂功能化二氧化硅(吸湿性SiO2溶胶及带有磺酸基团的二氧化硅(SiOx-S)粒子)制备SPEEK/SiO2和SPEEK/SiOx-S复合质子交换膜.SiO2和SiOx-S的掺杂能有效提高复合膜的抗溶胀、阻醇性能及高温低湿情况下的电导率.纯SPEEK膜在80℃溶胀为52.6%,而SiO2和SiOx-S掺杂量为15%的复合膜在此温度下分别仅有26.2%和27.3%的溶胀.在室温至80℃范围内,SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)和SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)复合膜的甲醇透过系数比Nafion115膜小近2个数量级.在120℃、相对湿度(RH)为40%情况下,SPEEK纯膜的电导率仅为2.6×10-4S.cm-1,SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)复合膜约为2.0×10-3S.cm-1,而SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)复合膜高达1.0×10-2S.cm-1,与Nafion115相当.SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)和SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)2种复合膜的尺寸稳定性较高,膜电极无催化剂与膜分离现象,其DMFCs单电池性能好于SPEEK膜.     

磁控溅射法制备CeO_2/PTFE/Nafion复合膜及性能研究

采用磁控溅射法在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜表面溅射CeO_2,制备了CeO_2/PTFE复合膜.利用接触角、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和拉伸强度等对复合膜的亲水性、元素组成、形貌和机械强度进行测试,研究了溅射时间和溅射功率对膜性能的影响.结果表明,在溅射功率为40 W,溅射时间为120 s时,CeO_2/PTFE复合膜亲水性和拉伸强度都相对较好.在CeO_2/PTFE复合膜上浇铸Nafion树脂,制备的CeO_2/PTFE/Nafion复合膜含水率达到30%,离子电导率达到0.071 S/cm.     

磺化聚醚酰亚胺/聚醚砜共混型质子交换膜的制备及其性能

以磺化聚醚酰亚胺(SPEI)和聚醚砜(PES)为原料, 采用溶液共混法成功制备出了SPEI/PES共混型质子交换膜,并经热重分析、AFM、SEM等对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 共混膜较纯SPEI膜具有更高的热稳定性和较低的溶胀性; 在室温环境下, 共混膜在干态和湿态时均具有优异的机械性能; 与纯SPEI膜相比, 共混膜的形态结构更为致密, 这将有利于降低甲醇的渗透性. 采用交流阻抗法和隔膜扩散法分别考察了膜的质子传导性和阻醇性能, 对于共混质量比为50/50的膜来说, 其质子传导率达到了5.5 mS·cm-1的水平, 能满足质子交换膜的需求, 但其甲醇渗透系数明显降低, 仅为市用Nafion 112膜的5%, 这表明该共混膜有望作为一种新型的直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜.     

基于磷钨酸功能化纳米纤维的超高质子/钒选择性的聚苯并咪唑膜在全钒液流电池中的应用

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a key component of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), and its proton/vanadium selectivity plays an important role in the performance of a VRB single cell. Commercially available perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) membranes have been widely used due to their excellent proton conductivity and favorable chemical resistance. However, the large pore size micelle channels formed by the pendant sulfonic acid groups lead to the excessive penetration of vanadium ions, which seriously affects the coulombic efficiency (CE) of the single cell and accelerates the self-discharge rate of the battery. Additionally, the expensive cost of Nafion is also an important reason to limit its large-scale application. In this paper, the dense and low-cost hydrocarbon polymer polybenzimidazole (PBI) is used as the matrix material of the PEM, which is doped with phosphotungstic acid (PWA) to acquire excellent proton conductivity, and the intrinsic high resistance of PBI for vanadium ions is helpful to obtain high proton/vanadium selectivity. Considering the enormous water solubility of PWA and its easy leaching from membrane, organic polymer nano-Kevlar fibers (NKFs) are utilized as the anchoring agent of PWA, which achieves good anchoring effect and solves the problem of the poor compatibility between inorganic anchoring agent and the polymer matrix. The formation of PWA functionalized NKFs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The anchoring stability of NKFs for PWA was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The characterizations including water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, vanadium ion permeability and ion selectivity were performed to evaluate the basic properties of the membranes. At the same time, the charge-discharge, self-discharge and cycle performance of single cell assembled with the composite membrane and recast Nafion were tested at various current densities from 40 to 100 mA∙cm^-2. Simple tuning for the filling amount of NKFs@PWA gives the composite membrane superior ion selectivity including an optimal value of 3.26 × 10⁵ S∙min∙cm^-3, which is 8.5 times higher than that of recast Nafion (0.34 × 10⁵ S∙min∙cm^-3). As a result, the VRB single cell assembled with the composite membrane exhibits higher CE and significantly lower self-discharge rate compared with recast Nafion. Typically, the CE of the VRB based on PBI-(NKFs@PWA)-22.5% membrane is 97.31% at 100 mA∙cm^-2 while the value of recast Nafion is only 90.28%. The open circuit voltage (V_OC) holding time above 0.8 V of the single cell assembled with the composite membrane is 95 h, which is about 2.4 times as long as that of recast Nafion-based VRB. The utilization of PBI as a separator for VRB can effectively suppress the penetration of vanadium ions, achieve higher proton/vanadium selectivity and superior battery performance as well as reduce the cost of the PEM, which will play an active role in the promotion of VRB applications.     

Sulfonated Polyarylene Ether Sulfone (SPES) and Ga2O3 Based Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

Novel hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane, based on sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone(SPES) and Ga₂O₃, was prepared and characterized. The structure of the composite membrane substantially modified the properties of SPES in terms of thermal stability, mechanical properties, methanol permeability, and so on. The structure and performance of the hybrid membrane were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), and water uptake(WU) test. The hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a certain quantity of Ga₂O₃ was found to gain good proton transport characteristics, particularly at relatively high temperatures. In addition, this membrane reduced methanol permeability and improved thermal stability in comparison to an unfilled reference membrane. The hybrid membrane was found suitably to be used as a polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM) in direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs).     

磺化酚酞型聚醚砜膜的制备及其阻醇和质子导电性能

直接甲醇燃料电池 (Directmethanolfuelcell,DMFC)以高效、清洁和燃料储运方便等优点适宜于作为各种用途的可移动动力源 ,成为 2 0世纪 90年代以来研究与开发的热点[1,2 ] .目前 ,这种电池的研究难点主要集中在催化剂不稳定和质子交换膜透醇上 .一张好的DMFC膜不但要可传递质子、绝缘电子 ,还应具有良好的阻醇性能 .如果膜的阻醇性能不好 ,甲醇会穿过膜到达阴极 ,与氧直接反应而不产生电流 ,不但造成燃料的浪费 ,同时也影响阴极的正常反应 ,使电池效率下降[3 ] .目前广泛应用于燃料电池中的Nafion 系列膜是由美国DuPont公司生产的一种…     

Preparation and characterization of sulfated zirconia (SO4/ZrO2)/Nafion composite membranes for PEMFC operation at high temperature/low humidity

Fine particle superacidic sulfated zirconia (SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂, S-ZrO₂) was synthesized by ameliorated method, and composite membranes with different S-ZrO₂ contents were prepared by a recasting procedure from a suspension of S-ZrO₂ powder and Nafion solution. The physico-chemical properties of the membranes were studied by ion exchange capacity (IEC) and liquid water uptake measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the IEC of composite membrane increased with the content of S-ZrO₂, S-ZrO₂ was compatible with the Nafion matrix, the incorporation of the S-ZrO₂ could increase the crystallinity and also improve the initial degradation temperature of the composite membrane. The performance of single cell was the best when the S-ZrO₂ content was 15 wt.%, and achieved 1.35 W/cm² at 80 °C and 0.99 W/cm² at 120 °C based on H₂/O₂ and at a pressure of 2 atm, the performance of the single cell with optimized S-ZrO₂ was far more than that of the Nafion at the same condition (e.g. 1.28 W/cm² at 80 °C, 0.75 W/cm² at 120 °C). The 15 wt.% S-ZrO₂/Nafion composite membrane showed lower fuel cell internal resistance than Nafion membranes at high temperature and low relative humidity (RH).     

磺化聚醚醚酮/磷钨酸复合膜的导电和甲醇渗透性能

通过磺化反应制备了磺化聚醚醚酮,1H-NMR测试表明其磺化度分别为0.65和0.73.用共混的方法制备了磺化聚醚醚酮/磷钨酸复合质子交换膜.研究了磺化聚醚醚酮的磺化度和磷钨酸的含量对复合膜的吸水性能?电导率,甲醇渗透性能的影响.随着磺化度和磷钨酸含量的增加,电导率逐渐增大,最高达到1.36×10-2S/cm(20℃),高于相同测试条件下NafionR○117膜的电导率(1.0×10-2S/cm).对复合膜的横向和纵向电导率进行了测试和比较,两者相差接近一个数量级.磷钨酸的掺杂虽然没有降低复合膜的甲醇渗透系数,但是仍然都低于相同条件下测得的NafionR○117膜的甲醇渗透系数.     

Synthesis and characterization of P2O5–SiO2–X (X = phosphotungstic acid) glasses as electrolyte for low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell application

A new class of proton conducting glass membranes for hydrogen fuel cell applications are being developed using phosphotungstic acid. These glasses are being design to yield high proton conductivities could be potential substitutes for electrolytes in H₂/O₂ fuel cell. P₂O₅–SiO₂–PWA glasses have been non-crystalline phases confirmed by structural studies. The glass materials showed good mechanical and thermal stability, and also found a maximum proton conductivity of 9.1 × 10⁻² S/cm at 90 °C and 30% RH. The average pore size less than 5 nm was determined by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) desorption method. The electrochemical activity was investigated by polarization curves and current–voltage profiles. A maximum power density value of 10.2 mW/cm² was obtained using 0.15 mg/cm² of Pt/C loaded on electrode and 5P₂O₅–87SiO₂–8PWA glasses at 30 °C and 30% humidity.     

Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) proton exchange composite membrane doped with phosphosilicate gels

A new class of proton exchange composite membranes made by incorporating phosphosilicate gels into SPPO matrix was prepared and characterized. The thermal stability was evaluated by TGA and DSC, and the amorphous structure information was provided from XRD. The experimental results showed that the composite membranes have good stability to oxidation by Fenton's reagent test, and the membrane dimension is hardly changed, even at high temperature. The hydration number values of the persulfonic acid group of composite membranes were lower than that of Nafion 112 at room temperature, but the water uptake of composite membranes at 80°C was higher than that of Nafion 112. With increasing relative humidity and doping amount, the conductivity of the composite membranes increased. Moreover, the conductivities of water-equilibrated composite membranes were higher than that of Nafion 112 (0.0871 S/cm) at room temperature, and the highest conductivity for the composite membrane was 0.216 S/cm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.