负载型钙钛矿La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/SBA-15催化燃烧甲苯的研究

采用逐层负载-孔道内氨/水蒸气原位羟化法制备了一系列负载型钙钛矿La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃/SBA-15催化剂,用XRD、BET、TG-DTG、XPS、H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂的物性结构等进行了表征,并在常压连续流动固定床反应器上评价了该催化剂对甲苯催化燃烧的催化性能。结果表明,逐层负载-孔道内氨/水蒸气原位羟化法的使用有助于活性组分La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃进入SBA-15的孔道,并在SBA-15上形成钙钛矿结构。La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃/SBA-15上钙钛矿结构的形成和晶格氧的出现,可为催化剂提供较多的活性中心,有利于其催化燃烧甲苯的活性。     

氟掺杂对可逆固体氧化物电池性能的影响及相关动力学研究

可逆固体氧化物电池(RSOC)表现出优异的热力学和动力学性质,被认为是一种很有前途的能量转换装置.制备了两种RSOC电极材料La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_0.8Co_0.2O₃ (LSFC)和La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_0.8Co_0.2F_0.1O_2.9 (F_0.1-LSFC),对比了F掺杂对电池放电和电解性能的影响并对电极表面动力学反应进行探究.研究表明F掺杂可降低B位元素价态、提高材料氧空位浓度,进而提高电池性能.700℃,30%H₂O/H₂燃料下,由F_0.1-LSFC组成的RSOC的最大功率密度为234.3 m W·cm^-2,约为LSFC组成的RSOC的1.7倍.并且在1.3 V下,由LSFC和F_0.1-LSFC组成的RSOC...     

La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3钙钛矿复合氧化物的GNP法合成与导电性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐(GNP)法合成出La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃(y=0～1.0)体系复合氧化物,对合成产物的结构、烧结性能和导电性进行了表征.研究结果表明,不同n(Co)/n(Fe)比的合成粉料中形成菱形六面体钙钛矿结构,合成粉料的颗粒细小均匀.在室温～900℃范围内,La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃(y=0)的电导率随温度的升高而单调降低,其它n(Co)/n(Fe)比的样品电导率随着温度升高到600℃附近时达到最大值.在低温段,La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃体系的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制,导电活化能随n(Co)/n(Fe)比的降低而增大.与常规固相合成法相比,甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备的La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃具有更高的烧结活性和电导率.     

阴极支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池的制备与测试

采用固相反应法合成A缺位的(La_0.8Sr_0.2)_0.95MnO₃(LSM95)作为阴极材料,Zr_0.9Sc_0.1SO_1.95(SSZ)商业粉体作为电解质材料,溶胶-凝胶法合成的La_0.8Sr_0.2Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O₃-(LSCrM)作为阳极电催化材料,利用流延、共烧结及浸渍法得到结构为LSCrM-CeO₂|SSZ|3YSZ-LSM95的阴极支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池,分别在氢气气氛和甲烷气氛中进行电化学性能测试. 结果表明,浸渍0.11 g·cm ^-2 CeO₂的LSCrM-CeO₂|SSZ|3YSZ-LSM95单电池在以CH₄为燃料时,600、650、700、750和800 ^oC下的功率密度分别为1.68、4.70、12.40、28.08和54.78 mW·cm ^-2,表现出一定的电化学性能和较好的稳定性.     

Co掺杂La1.5Sr0.5Ni1-xCoxO4+δ阴极材料的制备及其电化学稳定性能

利用溶胶凝胶法合成了La_1.5Sr_0.5NiO_4+δ掺杂Co的阴极材料La_1.5Sr_0.5Ni_1-xCo_xO_4+δ (x=0、0.2、0.4、0.6)。通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、热重、热膨胀系数的测定和扫描电镜等技术探究了材料的相结构、元素组成、热力学性能和表面形貌。结果表明,所合成的样品为具有类钙钛矿型结构的单一纯相,掺杂Co元素使材料的热膨胀系数有所提高。将该材料应用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阴极,进行了电导率及电化学阻抗谱的测定。结果发现,La_1.5Sr_0.5Ni_1-xCo_xO_4+δ的电导率随着Co元素掺杂量的提高而升高,当x=0.4时La_1.5Sr_0.5Ni_0.6Co_0.4O_4+δ     

氧空位和磷掺杂协同增强铁钴基材料电解水催化性能

为了研发高效、稳定的电解水催化剂,我们以氧空位和磷掺杂为基础,通过原位浸泡生长和两步热处理的方法,在泡沫铁上合成具有氧空位和磷掺杂的纳米花结构作为析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)双功能电催化剂。CoFe₂O₄已被报道为一种很有前途的OER和氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂,然而CoFe₂O₄在HER中表现出电导率差、电催化反应慢的特性。CoFe₂O₄中氧空位(Ov)的形成可以有效调控催化剂表面的电子结构,有助于产生更多的缺陷和空位,从而提高OER的活性。随后,引入磷原子填充在空位中,制备的P-Ov-CoFe₂O₄/IF在碱性电催化测试中展现出优异的HER和OER性能,在10 mA·cm^-2电流密度下HER和OER过电位仅为54和191 mV,Tafel斜率分别为57和54 mV·dec^-1,并具有良好的循环稳定性。     

可逆单部件燃料电池双功能催化剂La0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3的制备及电化学性能研究

利用SBA-15硬模板合成La_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.2Fe_0.8O₃(LSCF)钙钛矿材料,通过研究LSCF的电化学性能,探究制备溶剂(甲醇/乙醇)对LSCF结构、表面性质及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,乙醇溶剂制备的LSCF具有更大的比表面积和更多的氧空位浓度,从而表现出更高的电导率以及对氧还原反应(ORR)和氢氧化反应(HOR)更好的催化活性。这是因为乙醇溶剂制备的LSCF具有更多的Co²⁺/Co³⁺和Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺电子对,促进了材料的电子传导。此外,对于HOR,电极反应的速率控制步骤(RDS)是吸附的氢原子转移到反应位点;吸附的氧原子在LSCF上的还原是ORR反应的RDS。此外,由乙醇溶剂制备的LSCF组成的可逆单部件电池(RSCC)具有更好的放电和电解水性能。700℃,H₂-30%H₂O燃料下,RSCC的最大功率密度为232.9 m W...     

不同晶型MnO2纳米阵列的可控合成及其电催化析氧性能

采用一步水热法,通过改变反应温度和硫酸的用量,在碳纸(CFP)表面可控合成了α?MnO₂纳米线和δ?MnO₂纳米片阵列,研究了MnO₂纳米阵列的电催化析氧反应(OER)性能。结果表明,在碱性介质中,α?MnO₂纳米线阵列的OER活性优于δ?MnO₂纳米片阵列,在电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,α?MnO₂纳米线阵列的析氧过电位为444 mV(δ?MnO₂纳米片的过电位为522 mV)。通过X射线光电子能谱的表征分析可知,更高含量的Mn³⁺和表面更丰富的氧空位浓度是α?MnO₂纳米线阵列催化活性更高的原因。     

La1-xCexFe1-y-nCoyRunO3三效催化剂的结构表征及催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_1-xCe_xFe_1-y-nCo_yRu_nO₃(x,y=0.1～0.5,n=0.01～0.1)系列催化剂,XRD对晶体结构的表征发现,掺入Ru后基本结构未改变,但2θ值减小,晶胞参数变大.红外光谱分析表明,Ru改性的催化剂对应的特征峰位和峰形基本相似,但随着Ru掺杂量的增加,600cm^-1附近的谱带向高波数方向移动,n=0.01的样品,ν₁和ν₂向低波数方向移动,n=0.05样品的ν₁带出现最大吸收峰.XPS研究表明,掺杂Ru后Fe的外层电荷密度增大,并以多种价态存在;随着掺杂量的增加,表层中的Ce由与氧结合转变为与多羟基结合,其它氧种含量增加,催化活性增强.O₂-TPD结果表明,掺杂Ru使催化剂表面的吸附氧和晶格氧脱附温度降低,A离子空位增加.H₂-TPR研究表明,掺杂Ru使A离子空位增加,晶格氧活动性增强,催化活性提高;La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_0.7Co_0.2Ru_0.1O₃的催化性能最佳.     

Perovskite Oxides La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 for CO Oxidation and CO+NO Reduction: Effect of Redox Property and Surface Morphology

This work aims to study the effect of redox property and surface morphology of perovskite oxides on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation and CO+NO reduction, with the redox property being tuned by doping Fe at the Co site of La_0.8Sr_0.2Co_1-xFe_xO₃ and the surface morphology being modified by supporting La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ on various mesoporous silicas(i.e., SBA-16, SBA-15, MCF). Characteristic results show that the Fe doping improves the match of redox potentials, and SBA-16 is the best support of La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ when referring to the oxidation ability(e.g., the Co³⁺/Co²⁺ molar ratio). A mechanism for oxygen desorption from perovskite oxides is proposed based on O₂-TPD experiments, showing the evolution process of oxygen released from oxygen vacancy and lattice framework. Catalytic tests indicate that La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ is the best for CO oxidation, and La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO₃ is the best for CO+NO reduction. The mechanism of CO+NO reduction changes as the reaction temperature increases, with X_NO/X_CO value decreases from 2.4 at 250 ℃ to 1.0 at 400 ℃. As for the surface morphology, La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ supported on SBA-16 possesses the highest surface Co³⁺/Co²⁺ molar ratio as compared to the other two, and shows the best activity for CO oxidation.     

SBA-15表面改性及其对介孔La0.8Sr0.2CoO3钙钛矿型催化剂结构和性能的影响

Mesoporous SBA-15 with mesopore diameter up to 10.1 nm was prepared by a hydrothermal method, and was further functionalized to obtain different surface properties. Thus-prepared SBA-15 was employed as a template to synthesize rhombohedrally crystallized mesoporous La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ perovskite via a nanocasting method. The surface properties of the SBA-15 were adjusted by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A series of characterization techniques verified that all the synthesized templates possessed ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure, and the surface was successfully modified with methyl and amino groups. The mesoporous perovskite structure was formed in the samples and the surface properties of SBA-15 significantly influenced the structure and properties of La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ perovskite oxides. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns suggested that the modified silica templates were conducive to the formation of pure perovskite frameworks with good crystallinity. The catalysts also possessed mesoporous structure, as confirmed by small-angle XRD patterns, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, and nitrogen adsorption analysis. Moreover, the La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ materials synthesized using surface-functionalized templates exhibited relatively higher catalytic activity and stability in CO oxidation. Complete CO conversion could be achieved at 140℃ using the thus-prepared La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ materials, and no significant loss in catalytic activity was observed after 100 h of on-stream reaction experiments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, and O₂ temperature-programmed desorption experiments revealed that the existence of Co⁴⁺, Sr enrichment in the perovskite structure, and high content of adsorbed oxygen species play a critical role in the enhanced catalytic activity of the catalysts. We also proposed the possible reasons for the effect of surface properties of the silica templates on the structure and properties of the La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ nanomaterials.     

有机配体表面改性NiCo2O4纳米线用于水全分解

由于水分解在绿色能源领域的重要作用,能够在碱性介质中进行析氢(HER)和析氧(OER)反应的双功能电催化剂具有重要的应用价值。本文报道一种具有丰富缺陷的表面改性NiCo₂O₄纳米线(NWs),在碱性介质中作为一种高效的整体水裂解电催化剂。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,Co²⁺/Co³⁺比值的增加是表面修饰NiCo₂O₄纳米线具有优异双功能电催化性能的重要原因。结果表明,在1.0 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中,通过有机配体主导的表面改性,优化后的NiCo₂O₄纳米线在电流密度达到10 mA·cm^-2时的HER过电位仅为83 mV,OER过电位仅为280 mV。更重要的是,有机配体表面改性后的NiCo₂O₄纳米线表现出了出色的水分解性能,在2.1 V电压下达到了100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度。目前的工作凸显了提高NiCo₂O₄ NWs尖晶石结构中Co²⁺含量对促进整体水裂解的重要性。     

Survey of the quasi-ternary system La0.8Sr0.2MnO3–La0.8Sr0.2CoO3–La0.8Sr0.2FeO3

An overview on the variation of the thermal expansion, the electrical conductivity as well as non-stoichiometry of the oxide content as a function of composition within the quasi-ternary system La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3−δ–La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO_3−δ–La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3−δ in air is presented. The various powders were synthesized under identical conditions. The DC electrical conductivity values of the compositions at 800 °C in air vary in a wide range from 15 to 1338 S cm⁻¹. The magnitude of electrical conductivity of the perovskites is mainly determined by the percentage of cobalt in the compositions. A similar behaviour was observed for the measured thermal expansion coefficients between room temperature and 1000 °C in air, increasing from 10.9 to 19.4 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ as a function of cobalt content. Changes in the oxygen stoichiometry of the materials were characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation measurements.     

Properties of oxygen permeation and partial oxidation of methane in La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC)–La0.7Sr0.3Ga0.6Fe0.4O3−δ (LSGF) membrane

The oxygen separation membrane having perovskite structure for the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas was prepared. La_0.7Sr_0.3Ga_0.6Fe_0.4O_3−δ (LSGF) perovskite membrane coated with La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3−δ (LSC) (M1), and the one side of M1 membrane coated with NiO (M2) was prepared to examine the partial oxidation of methane. The single oxygen permeations of the LSC + LSGF (M1) membrane and NiO coated membrane (M2) were measured. The oxygen permeation flux in M1 membrane was higher than that of M1 membrane at 850 °C.

The partial oxidation experiment of methane using the prepared membranes was examined at 850 °C. The value of CH₄ conversion and CO selectivity of M2 membrane was higher than that of M1 membrane.

NiO/NiAl₂O₄ catalyst was used to improve the methane conversion, and the partial oxidation experiment of methane with M1 membrane was examined at 850 °C. The CH₄ conversion was 88%, and CO selectivity was 100%.     

Mn0.2Cd0.8S@CoAl LDH S-型异质结构建及其光催化析氢性能研究

构建高效、稳定的异质结光催化剂体系是实现太阳能驱动分解水制氢的有效途径。本研究通过物理混合法将Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S纳米棒与CoAl LDH纳米片进行耦合,成功制备出一种新型的Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S@CoAl LDH (MCCA) S型异质结光催化剂。光致发光光谱和光电流测试结果表明,该异质结在内建电场的作用下可以有效地加快Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S和CoAl LDH界面间光生载流子的分离和电子转移。关键的是,CoAl LDH的引入有效地抑制了光生电子与空穴的复合,从而提高了Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S的光催化产氢活性。最佳CoAl LDH负载量的MCCA-3在5 h内的产氢量为1177.9 μmol。与单独使用纯Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S纳米棒和CoAl LDH纳米片相比,这是一个显著的改进。本研究为合理设计用于光催化制氢的S型异质结光催化剂提供了一条简单有效的途径。     

原子尺度钴基氮碳催化剂对析氧反应的构效关系的研究（英文）

理解析氧反应(OER)电催化剂活性位点的活性来源是开发高效电催化剂的关键。然而,由于催化剂结构-活性关系的复杂性,发展高效电催化剂仍然是一个至关重要的挑战。本文设计了不同Co-N-C催化剂构型,包括单原子、双原子和团簇,并通过第一性原理计算建立了析氧反应构效关系。结果表明,Co-N₄由于金属中心的高配位数和与所有析氧反应中间体的适中吸附能,表现出最佳反应性,过电位为0.37V。双原子和团簇的活性来源于催化剂自身与反应中间体相结合的高度配位结构。此外,本文基于Co-N₄构型讨论了影响OER活性的其他因素,其中弱金属-金属相互作用可以通过调节Co-O的反键能级优化含氧中间体的吸附降低反应过电位。随后,根据建立的结构-吸附-活性关系,对火山图进行外推,得到CoNi-type4体系OER的过电位为0.23V。本文研究揭示了Co-N-C催化剂OER活性的起源,建立了基于原子尺度的Co-N-C催化剂的构效关系,有助于理解M-N-C基催化剂的高性能,并促进高效OER催化剂的设计。     

紫外光辐照下CH3NH3PbI3基钙钛矿太阳能电池失效机制

随着光伏产业的不断发展,有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的研发成为科学与工业界广泛关注的焦点。到目前为止,其光电转换效率已经提高到了25.2%,成为替代硅基太阳能电池的核心方案之一。然而,钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性较差,容易受到环境中氧气、水分、温度甚至光照的影响,这严重制约了其大规模推广与应用。大量科学研究表明,如何避免紫外辐照下有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能衰减,对于提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的光照稳定性至关重要。然而到目前为止,仍然没有系统的工作来对紫外辐照下钙钛矿太阳能电池性能以及微结构演化过程进行详细的表征与分析。本文中,我们利用聚焦离子束-扫描电子显微分析(FIB-SEM)以及球差校正透射电子显微分析(TEM)等技术,全面地研究了紫外辐照过程中有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池性能变化规律以及电池微结构演化特征。实验结果表明,紫外辐照过程中太阳能电池内部会形成0.5–0.6 V的内建电场,钙钛矿中的I^-离子在电场的驱动下向金属Au电极和空穴传输层2, 2’, 7, 7’-四[N, N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9, 9'-螺二芴(Spiro-OMeTAD)一侧迁移;随后,空穴传输层与金电极的界面处,碘离子与光生空穴一起与金电极发生反应,将金属态Au氧化成离子态Au⁺。而Au⁺离子则在内建电场的驱动下反向迁移穿过钙钛矿MAPbI₃层,直接被SnO₂和MAPbI₃界面处的电子还原形成金属Au纳米团簇。除此之外,紫外辐照过程中钙钛矿太阳能电池性能降低的同时,往往伴随着Spiro-OMeTAD与钙钛矿界面处物质迁移、钙钛矿薄膜内晶界展宽以及Au纳米颗粒周围MAPbI₃物相分解等现象。以上各种因素的协同作用,共同导致了紫外光照下有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换性能(PCE)、开路电压(V_oc)以及短路电流(J_sc)等性能参数的急剧下降。     

基于四硫富瓦烯的无金属共价有机框架材料用于高效电催化析氧反应

共价有机框架(COFs)在电催化析氧反应(OER)中的应用得到了广泛的关注。然而,大多数无金属共价有机框架(COFs)的导电性较差,不利于OER反应。四硫富瓦烯(TTF)是一种良好的电子供体,具有快速的电子转移能力,将TTF整合到共价有机框架骨架中将有助于电子的转移。在此,我们报道了一种基于四硫富瓦烯的二维无金属共价有机框架材料,JUC-630。与不含四硫富瓦烯的同类材料(Etta-Td COF)相比,JUC-630具有较低的过电位(400 mV)和塔菲尔斜率(104 mV∙dec⁻¹)。本研究提出了合理设计功能基元的策略,这有助于大大提高COF材料的OER催化活性。     

La掺杂BiOI微球可见光下光催化氧化NO性能研究

Photocatalytic oxidation has been widely acknowledged as an economical and effective technology for the treatment of low-concentration NO. Three-dimensional (3D) BiOI microspheres, which are typical visible-light responsive semiconductor photocatalysts, often suffer from quick recombination of photogenerated carriers and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity when applied in NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions. However, owing to their micro-sized structures, they are usually difficult to couple with other semiconductors and co-catalysts because of their incompact interfaces that provide insufficient contact. In this study, a rare-earth metal (La) doping strategy was first adopted to modify BiOI microspheres via a simple one-step solvothermal method; subsequently, the photocatalytic NO oxidation performance under visible light illumination was systematically investigated. Further, the La precursors and doping contents were optimized. It was found that La(NO₃)₂ was the best precursor when compared to LaCl₃ and La(AC)₃. Moreover, 0.3%La/BiOI exhibited the best NO photocatalytic conversion efficiency of up to 74%, which was significantly higher than that of the pure BiOI benchmark (44%). It also exhibited excellent stability during the continuous 5-cycle experiments. Analysis of the physicochemical properties revealed that La doping facilitated the crystallization of BiOI without altering its morphology and structure. La³⁺ may enter the BiOI lattice by substituting Bi³⁺ or forming La₂O₃ nanoclusters that homogeneously scatter in the mesopores of BiOI microspheres. The analysis of the underlying mechanism further revealed that La doping not only enhanced the light harvesting properties by decreasing the bandgaps of BiOI and accelerating the charge separation and transfer dynamics, but also introduced more oxygen vacancies and facilitated the formation of more OH radicals by dissociating the water molecules. All these factors co-contributed to the promotion of NO photocatalytic oxidation activities. Furthermore, NO was mainly oxidized to NO₂ over La/BiOI, and the formed NO₂ tended to desorb from the catalyst surface, which not only maintained the intactness of active sites and facilitated the sustainable occurrence of NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions, but also prevented the photocatalysts from frequent washing-regeneration; therefore, these factors account for the superior photocatalytic stability of La/BiOI and its long-term operation. The formed NO₂ could be easily and totally absorbed by the tail alkaline liquid, thereby effectively avoiding secondary pollution. Therefore, this study elucidates that doping is indeed a feasible and effective approach for the modification of 3D BiOI microspheres, while providing inspiration for the rational design and modification of other 3D semiconductor materials for various photocatalytic applications.